2023年初中英语语法学习之时态高频考点.docx

2023年初中英语语法学习之时态高频考点四种时态与时间状语（1） 一般现在时。1）除单数第三人称外，谓语皆用动词原形表示，包括：经常（习惯性）的行为：He listens to the radio every day.现在的状态：They look fine.客观真理和事实：The earth goes around the sun.常用时间状语；often, always, sometimes, usually, once aweek（month）,every day （year）,on Sunday 等。2）歌诀：“是”有几变要记清，“am, is are”共 三种。“d。型” “单三”加s,其它一律用原形。还有have和has,人称不可胡乱用。表“有"还有there be, be要随着主语定。现在经常反复事，主语能力或特征。定律、规律和真理，“时、地、条件从句中”。3）行前系（助）后sometimes, usually, always, often 常用于行为动词之前，系、助动词之后。如；He often walks very slowly.He doesn't often walk very slowly.He is often very angry.(2)现在进行时。1)由be的现在时形式+现在分词构成。表示：说话时刻正在进行的行为：He is writing a book now.现阶段正在进行的行为：He is writing a book thesedays.常见时间状语；now, these days (years)等。2)歌诀：进行时，很好记：be加“动词ing” ,be表时态“现、过去”，形式随着主语易。某点阶段用进行，动词必是延续性，动词若是非延续，最近将来时常用。(3) 一般将来时。1)表示将来的行为或状态，可由下列方式表示：shall (will) + 原形动词：He will be fifteen next year.be going to +原形动词：He' s going to buy a car soon.be +动作动词(go, come, leave, start) +ing 形式©to be to +原形动词：These children are to go toschool next term.to be about +原形动词：The meeting is about to be-gin.对照区分：He will leave home tomorrow.他明天将离开家。He is going to leave home tomorrow. 他打算明天离开家。He is leaving home tomorrow.他明天就要离开家了。2)歌诀:事情在将来，“一次”或“经常”。shall和will,加在“原形”上，还可来表示，“必然”或“倾向”。3) 口语用be going to来表示人的主观上的意愿和打算、人对 一种必须或趋势的主观判断以及一个在眼前即将发生的动作。换句话 讲，与人的主观愿望或判断无关的，客观上将来必要发生的事情一般 不用 be going to,而用 shall 或 willo有时还可以用“be + about”表示即将发生的行为，请看歌诀：啥事即将要发生，不带主观和感情，常用句型有一个，用be加上about。(4) 一般过去时。1)用动词的过去式表示。包括：过去经常的行为(或状态)：He wrote to me twice amonth.过去某次的行为(或状态)：He wrote to me last Tues-day.常用时间状语：yesterday (yesterday morning-) , lastweek (year)，ago(如 three years ago)，this mroning(Monday ,), then, at that time 等。2)歌诀:be 用 was 或用 were, Have, has 变 hado“Do”型正规加ed,若是特殊得硬记。事情发生在过去，经常、反复或连续，时间可长也可短，动词时态用“过去”。时态的呼应英语中的时态呼应(the sequence of tenses)就是在主句时态为 “非现在时”时，从句的时态必须与主句相呼应。其规则如下：1 .主句谓语为现在时或者将来时态，从句中的谓语时态可以不受 影响，即按照意思决定时态。如：It is reported that they are building a new railway.Will you please tell us how you got to know it?2 .如果主句谓语为过去时，则从句谓语的时态要做相应改变。(1) 一般现在时改为一般过去时，如：I don't know where they live.I didn't know where they lived.(2)现在进行时改为过去进行时，如：He wants to know how you're doing.He wanted to know how you were doing.(3)现在完成时改为过去完成时，如：I wonder if they have got a reply.I wondered if they had got a reply.(4)现在完成进行时改为过去完成进行时，如：I know you have been worrying about us.I knew you had been worrying about us.(5) 一般将来时改为过去将来时,如：I hope she will find a job soon.I hoped she would find a job soon.(6)将来进行时改为过去将来进行时，如：I think she will be playing golf this time on Sunday.I thought she would be playing golf this time on Sunday.(7)将来完成时改为过去将来完成时，如：I expect he will have changed his mind by tomorrow.I expected he would have changed his mind by tomorrow.(8)将来完成进行时改为过去将来完成进行时，如：She will have been teaching in this university for 20 years by this summer.She told me that she had been teaching in this university for 20 years by this summer条件现在时A条件现在时由would / should+动词原形构成(用于第一人称), 或由would+动词原形构成(用于其他人称)：肯定式：I would / I'd work / I should workyou would / you' d work 等否定式：I would not / wouldn' t work 或I should not / shouldn't workyou would not / wouldn"t work 等疑问式：would / should I work?wou1d you work?等否定疑问式：should I not / shouldn, t I work?would you not / wouldn't you work ?等B这种形式用于：(a)条件句中。(b) would和should的特殊用法中。(c)过去将来时。当主句的主要动词是过去时的时候，从句中 就必须用 would / should 而不用 will / shall：I hope (that) I will / shall succeed.我希望我会成功。I hoped (that) I would / should succeed.我曾希望我会成功。I know (that) he will be in time.我知道他会赶得上的。I knew (that) he would be in time.我当时知道他会赶得上的。He thinks (that) they will give him a visa.他想他们会给他签证。He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。