人教版七年级英语下册1-12单元重点短语词组、句型.docx

Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?用法集萃play +棋类/球类下棋，打球8.like to do sth. =love to do sth.喜欢/喜爱做某事like ding sth.喜欢做某事典句必背1 .Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I can't.2 .What club do you want to join?3.1 want to join (he chess club.4.You can join the English club. Sounds good.5.1 can speak English and I can also play soccer.6.Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721.重点句子点拨：1、Can you play the guitar?你会弹吉他吗？点拨 1 ： can 是情态动词,它的意思是能、会,表示某人具有做某 事的能力，情态动词后必须用动词原形,情态动词can 没有人称和数的变化。它的否定句是在can的后面直 接加啦，也可以缩写为辿。它的一般疑问句是把 can放在句子的开头并且大写。2、What club do you want to join? I want to join the art club.你想加入什么俱乐部？我想加入艺术俱乐部。点 拨1：句型What +名词+一般疑问句？可以提问人物 的身份、姓名、内容、性质和类别，也可以提问事物 的目的、价格、数量和效果。动词原形开头的句子。它的肯定句是：动词原形+其他。 它的否定形式是Don，t+动词原形+其他。7. Wc want two good musicians for our rock band. 我们 摇滚乐队想要两名音乐家。点拨：句子中的单词musician是名词,它的意思是 音乐家，它是有名词music后缀一ian变化来的。它 是可数名词，它的复数形式是musicians。 介词for 在本句子的意思是“为了”，表示目的、用途。点拨2：动词ioin是参加、加入的意思,它表示加入某 个组织并成为其中的一个成员。3、Can you speak English?Yes, I can. But only a little. 你会说英语吗？是的，我会。不过会一点。点拨1：本句子是含有情态动词can的一般疑问句，它的肯定 1口1 答是 Yes.Ican.否定回答是一 No,I canj .点拨2:only a little的意思是“仅仅一点”，表示肯定的意 思、，little是表示否定的意思，它的意思是“很少、几 乎没有“。little和a little的后面修饰不可数名词。4、Tom can play the guitar but he can't play it well.汤姆会弹吉他，但是弹得不太好。well在本句子中是副词词,来修饰动词play。另外well 还可以是一形容词,它表示身体健康状况好。5. Can you help kids with swimming?你能帮助小孩子学习游泳吗？点拨:动词短语“help sb with slh”的意思是 就某事帮助 某人，相当于动词短语help sb (to) do sth。1. What can you do? Come and show us!你能做什么？快来给我们展示一下。点拨1：这是含有情态动词的特殊疑问句，它是由特殊疑 问词+can +一般疑问句构成。点拨2:Come and show us.是祈使句。英语中的祈使句 通常用来表示请求、建议或者命令的语气，一般是以8. Are you good with kids?你和孩子们相处的好吗？ 点拨：good在此处意为“仁慈的，和善的，乐于助人的”, be good with意思是 与某人相处的好。9. May I know your name?我可以知道你的名字吗？ 点拨：May I know your name?= What's your name?但前 者是一种更为礼貌的表达，比前者要委婉。“May I?” 或者“Can L.?”表示客气礼貌的请求或者征求意见和 许可。后面都接动词原形。26. Not much= Nothing much 没什么用法集萃：现在进行时：1 .定义：现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生 的动作或存在的状态。2 .构成： 助动词 be(is/am/are)+ v. -ingo时间状语标志:now, at the moment, look, listen 或 “It's +某一时刻”等。3 .句式结构：肯定句：主语 + am/is/arc + v. - ing.否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + v. - ing一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are +主语+v. - ing?肯定、否定回答：Yes, I am./No, I'm not.Yes, is./No, , isn't.Yes,are./No,aren't.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ am/is/are +主语+ v. - ing?4 . v. -ing的构成方法：规则动词后加-ing。如：watch -watching； read -reading ；listen listening：以不发音字母e结尾的动词去掉e,再加-ing。如：make making;use using;exercise -exercising； live 一living：以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母 时，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：putputting;stop stopping；sit sitting;begin -beginning一、.用法：what+bc+主语+doing?主语+bc+doing sth.Yes, I am. /No, I'm not. I'm cleaning my room.是，我在 做/不，我没做。我在打扫我的房间。二、That sounds good.那听起来不错。三、What about you?你呢？四、d like/love to do sth.=I would like/love to do sth.我 乐意干某事例：I'd love to come with you to the show.我愿意跟你们一起 去看表演。婉言拒绝：rd love to, but 或 I'm afraid I can'tbecause五、.anyolher+可数名词单数任何别的，任何其他的。 例：Any other boy here can play this game.这里的任何一 个男孩都会玩这个游戏。六、wish to do sth 希望干某事 例：She wishes to have her mom's delicious zongzi. 他希望吃到妈妈做的美味的粽子。必背典句：What are you doing?你在干什么？ Not much.没干什么。Do you want to join me for dinner?你想跟我一起吃晚饭 吗？I,d love to.我很乐意。His dad and uncle are watching the boat races on TV. 爸爸和叔叔在电视上看龙舟比赛。.so it's like any other night for Zhu Hui and his host family.对于朱辉和他的房东家人来说，今晚和平时的晚上是一 样的。.but there's still uno place like home”.但是“干好万好不如臼己的家好”Zhu Hui misses his family and wishes to have his mom's delicious.朱辉思念他的家人并希望吃上他妈妈的可口的粽子。Unit7 It's raining!【短语归纳】1. not bad 不错2. at the park 在公园3. have a good time / have a great time / have fun / enjoy oneself过得很愉快4. take a message fbr .为捎个信5. call sb. back给某人回电话6. no problem 没问题7. right now 现在8. talk on (he phone通过电话交谈9. some of当中的一些10. by the pool在游泳池边12. study hard 努力学习13. on a vacation 在度假14. in the mountains 在山里15. call sb.给某人打电话116. write to sb.给某人写信17. play sth. with sb.和某人玩什么18. it sounds like 听起来19. be happy to do sth.很高兴干某事20. isn't working/doesn't work 某物坏了【用法集萃】1. tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事2. have a great time + (in) doing sth.愉快地做某事3. just right for doing sth.做某事正合适【典句必背】1. How's the weather?天气怎么样？2. I/s cloudy. / It,s sunny. / It,s raining.天气多云。/ 天气 晴朗天正下雨。3. How's it going?情况怎么样？4. Great! / Not bad. / Terrible!好极 了！/ 不错。/ 糟糕!5. Can I take a message for him?我给他捎个口信好吗？6. I,m having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada. 我正在加拿大愉快地拜访我的姨妈7. My family and I are on a vacation in the mountains. 我 和我的家人正在山里度假。8. Ms hot in your country now, isnX it?现在你的国家天 气炎热，不是吗？【语法详解】“做某事过得愉快”。例如：Wc have a great time singing and dancing.我们唱歌、跳舞过得很高兴。She has a great time playing games with us.和我们一起玩游戏，她玩得很愉快1.1 , in sitting by the pool ,我坐在水池旁边sit动词，意为“坐”，是不及物动词。如 表达“坐在某地”就用介词短语来表达地点。如：Please sit on the chair and have some tea.请坐在椅子上 喝杯茶。by意为“在旁边”，它所表示的位置比near更 近一些。例如：All the children are sitting by the table.所有的孩子们都坐在桌子旁边。Do you live near your school?你家住在学校附近吗？3 . studying hard 努力学习hard是副词；意为“努力地”，修饰 动词。Mary is a good student. She works hard at school.玛丽是名好学生，她在学校里努力学习。4 .but my phone isn' t working,但我的电话坏了，work在这里是不及物动词，意为“（机器）运转；活 动”。例如:My watch doesn I work. What lime is it now?我的手表坏了。几点了？The TV set doesn' t【拓展】作名词，意为“厨师”.我叔叔是一位很棒work. Lett s take a walk in the park.电视机坏 了，让 我们去公园散步吧。5 .疑问副词how用来询问天气。今天天气怎么样？How the weather today?询问天气还可以说：What's the weather like?how用于问候,打招呼。你好吗? How arc you?你那里情况如何? How' s it going?how用来询问方式或手段。你怎样去上学？How do you go to school?how用来询问年龄。你弟弟多大年龄？How old is your brother?How用于询问价格。那件紫色的毛衣多少钱？How much is the purple sweater?6 .rain做动词，意为“下雨”。现在天津在下雨。Il's raining in Tianjin now.rain做名词，意为“雨水”。There is a lot of rain in summer in our city.我们这里夏天雨量很大。windy多风的;cloudy多云的；sunny晴朗的 构词法：名词+y 形容词 今天宁夏风很大。It' s windy in Ningxia today.“天气；气候”。其前面不能用不定冠词a修饰，但 可以用定冠词the或bad/fine等修饰；通常可以用it 来指代。春天在中国北部是多风的。The weather is windy in spring in the north of China.“烹调；煮”通常妈妈给我们做晚饭。My mother usually cooks for us.的厨师。 My uncle is a great cook.9. study作“学习”讲时，是不及物动词。他们正在为英语考试而学习。They are studying for the English test.re having a good lime.听起来你玩得好开心。这是一个省略句，相当于It sounds like you* rc。英语It sounds like与It sounds句型近似,都表示“听起来；听上去”。这种省略的用法十分口语化，在口常英语会话中经常听到。例如：（It） Sounds like he' s all right now.听上去他现在病已经好了。（It） Sounds like you had a good time on your trip.听起来你旅行玩得很开心Unit8 Is there a post office near here?单元大归纳【短语归纳】I. post office 邮局 2. police station 警察局3. pay phone 付费电话 4. near here 附近5. across from 在对面6. next to挨着，律近7. between. and.在和之间8. in front of 在前面9. excuse me 劳驾10. far from 离远 111. go along.沿着走12. turn right / left 向右 /左转13. on the（或 one's） right / left在（某人的）右边/左边14. in my neighborhood 在我的街区15. look like看起来像16. in life 一生中17. be free 免费（有空）【用法集萃】1. Turn right / left at the + 序数词 + crossing.在第几个路 口向右/左转2. spend +时间/金钱+ on sth.花费时间/金钱在 spend +时间/ +金钱(in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事3. watch sb. doing观看某人正在做某事4. enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事5.1( is very quiet and I enjoy reading there.enjoy表示“从中得到乐趣；欣赏；喜欢”，后接动词时候，动词用-ing形式,即enjoy doing，表示喜欢做某事，享受做某事带来的乐趣。我喜欢听轻柔的音乐6. talk a walk 散步【典句必背】1. Is there a hospital near here?这附近有医院吗?Yes, there is. It,s on Bridge Street.是的,有。它在桥 街上。2. 一Oh. where's Center Street?噢中心大街在哪里？It's not too far from here.它离这儿不太远。3. Go along long Street and it's on the right.沿着长街走, 它在右边。4. Turn right at the first crossing.在第一个十字路口 向 右转。【语法详解】一、There be.句型表示的是“某处有(存在)某人或某 物”，其句式结构：1. There be (is, are) +名词+地点状语在我的铅笔盒里有两块橡皮。There are two erasers in my pencil box.在房子前有一棵大树。There is a tall tree in front of the house.2. 否定句:There isn, t/aren* t-* 例如：大桥街上没有银行。There isn' t a bank on Bridge Street.在教室里没有篮球。There aren' t any basketballs in the classroom.3. 一般疑问句：Is/Arc there + 主语 +,?肯定回答:Yes, there is/are.否定回答:No, there isn? t/aren, t.这附近有餐馆吗？Is there a restaurant near here?教室里有学生吗？Are there any students in the classroom?二、如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和 最靠近它的那个在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。There is an orange and some bananas on the tabic. 在桌子上有一只桔子和一些香蕉。There are some bananas and an orange on the table.三、There be句型与have的区别There be句型表示"存在有“，havehas表示"拥有"、 “所有”，两者不能同时使用。例如:桌子上有一架模型飞机。There is a model plane on the desk.我有一架模型飞机。I have a model plane.四、across/through/over这三个词都有“穿过，通过”的意思，但across它着重从某物的表面“横过，穿过，从一边到另一边"；而through强调从空间 内的一头纵穿到另一头，意思是“穿过， 从中通过"，over多指从物体上空通过。例如：They walk across the bridge.他们步行走过了这座桥。He walks through the park.他步行穿过公园。The birds fly over (he city.鸟儿从城市上空飞过。表示方位的词：across across from next to between andat on in in front of behind under nearthrough left rightUnit9What does he look like?短语：限定描绘大、长、高，形状、年龄和新老；颜色、国籍 跟材料，作用、类别往后靠。注解：“大、长、高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词;表示“形状”的词。如：round> square等；“国籍” 表示一个国家或地区的词。表示“材料”的词。如： wooden, slone等;表示"作用类别"的词。如:medical, college, writing desk, police car 等1. look like看上去像；长得如何2. have short/curly/long/straight hair 留着短发/卷发/长发/ 直发3. be of medium height是属于中等身高4. be of medium build是属于中等身材5. in Class Five 在五班6. have big eyes有双大眼睛7. wear a red dress穿着一条红裙子8. wear white shoes 穿着白鞋子10. have short straight hair 留着短短的直发11. be very popular 非常受欢迎13. have short curly blonde hair留着短短的金色卷发14. be (very) good-looking 非常漂亮15. a little bit 有点儿16. be a little bit quiet 有点儿文静17. teli jokes 讲笑话18. be a little bit heavy有点儿重；有点儿笨拙19. wear glasses 戴着眼镜20. have a beard留着大胡子去的路,to sb.向某人描述“一个”与“另一个”“-个另一个”尽头，结尾be good with +sb.与某人相处的好be good for 对有好处be good to sb.对.友善,慈爱 语法：1 .在英语中，表示计划、安排好的事情，可以使用进行 时态表示将来要发生的动作；表示位移的动词(如：go, come, fly, leave, arrive等)的进行时态也可以表示将来。 如：We are meeting at seven tonight.我们今晚七点见面。 He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.他明天要前往北京。2 .部分否定在英语中not和all, both, always, every在同一个句子中 表示“部分否定”，即：否定一部分而不是否定整体。 如：Not everybody likes soccer.不是每个人都喜欢足 球。1)修饰形容词或副词时，三者可通用，但a little bit 比后两者所表示的程度稍弱一点。Today is a little bit / a little / a bit cold.今天有点冷。2)修饰不可数名词时，a little直接跟不可数名词，a bit需力口 of再跟不可数名词。There is a little / a bit of water in the glass.杯子里,有点水。3) a little和a bit在否定句中意思恰恰相反。not a little 相当于very "很，非常"，not a bit相当于not.at all “一点也不"。® He is not a little hungry. = He is very hungry.他很饿。He is not a bit hungry. = He isn , t hungiy at all.他 一点也不饿。1) people:泛指“人，人们”，谓语动词用复数形式。There are many people there.那儿有许多人。the people常用来指“人民”。Wc study hard for the people.我们为人民而努力学习。 指“民族”是可数名词。There , re 56 peoples in China.中国有 56 个民族。2) person “人；人物”，无性别之分，可指男人，也可 指女人。常用于指数目不大，而且数目比较精确的“人 Everyone likes the honest person.每个人都喜欢诚实的人 There are only three persons in the room.房间里只有三个 人3) man:指“男人”(复数形式为men),也可指“人 类”。He is a man of few words.他是个少言寡语的人。 Man has languages.人类有语言。1)“眼镜"，常用复数 glasses.a pair of glasses 副眼镜2) “玻璃”，不可数名词。3) “玻璃杯”，可数名词。talk to sb.和某人谈话.侧重单方主动.lalkwithsb.和某人交谈，侧重双方互动的交流.talk about sth./sb.讨论关于的事情/人.是指谈论的内容UnitlO I'd like some noodles.【短语归纳】1. would like 想要2. take one's order 点菜3. beef soup 牛肉汤4. one bowl of. 一碗5. what size什么尺寸6. mapo tofu with rice带有米饭的麻婆豆腐7. what kind什么种类8. small / medium / large bowl 小/ 中 / 大碗9. green tea 绿茶1(). orange juice 橘汁11. around the world 世界各地12. birthday cake 生日蛋糕13. the number of.的数量14. make a wish许个愿望15. blow out 吹灭116. in one go 一口气17. come true 实现18. cut up 切碎19. birthday food around the world 全世界的生日食品20. come true 实现21. birthday cakes with candles插有蜡烛的生日蛋糕22. put a candy in a birthday cake 在生日蛋糕上放一块23. get popular逐渐变得流行24. eat veiy long noodles 吃长寿面25. a symbol of long life and good luck 长寿和好运的象26. on my twelfth birthday 在我卜二岁生日时27. short of fish 缺少鱼28. I'm not sure yet 我还不确定29. a number of candles 许多蜡烛30. a large bowl for six yuan 一大碗六元 【用法集萃】1. would like + sth.想要某物2. would like + to do sth.想要做某事3. Why don't you + do sth.?何不做某事？4. the number of +名词复数的数量【典句必背】1. What kind of noodles would you like?你想要哪种面 条？2. I,d like beef noodles, please.我想要牛肉面。3. What size would you like?你想要多大的？4. I'd like a medium bowl, please.我想要一个中碗的。5. Would you like a large bowl?你想要一个大碗的吗?6. Yes, please.好吧。7. If he or she blows out all the candles in one to, the wish will come true.假如他或她一口气吹火所有的蜡烛，愿望将实现 语法：1 .would like=want意为想要,但比wani语气委婉。2 .would是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，通常缩写 为d.3 .woukl you like.?委婉请求别人意见，后面可以接代词 或名词，也可以接动词不定式。接名词时，肯定回答为：yes, please.否定回答：no,thanks.接动词时，肯定回答为:i'd loveMike to 否定回答:i'd love to,but. 或者 sorry,i can't。Would you like to play football with me?I'd love to,but i'm too busy.否定形式，would后面加not.I would not like the black tea, 一般疑问句，would提前。Would she like to go shopping?5 .Kind a kind of 一种king of 有点all kinds of各种各样A cat is a king of animal.The cat is king of smart.There are all kings of cals.6 .spccial名词：特色菜可数We have some specials today.special形容词A special day.特别的一天。7 .beef and tomato noodles名词做定语，不用复数。There are some apple trees.例外：man woman修饰名词时本身也要变化。women teachers 女教师。8 .fish当“鱼肉”讲时是不可数的。Fish is a king of meatjoo.当“鱼”讲时是可数的，表示一条鱼，两条鱼复数形式为“fish”I eat three fish every week.固定短语:go fishing去钓鱼9 .different be different from'to与不司He is different from his brother.反义词： be the same asOur work today is the same as before.10 .the number of.的数量谓语动词用单数。a number of.许多，大量的谓语动词用复数。11 .may be 和 maybemay是情态动词与be构成完整的系表结构，意为“也许、可能是"He may be a doctor.maybe是副词，用作状语，常用在句首。意为“也许，可能”Maybe he is a doctor.Unitl 1 How was your school trip?【短语归纳】1. go for a walk 去散步2. milk a cow 挤牛奶3. ride a horse 骑马4. feed chickens 喂小鸡5. talk with/to 与谈话6. take photos 拍照7. quite a lot 相当多8. show. around 带领参观9. learn about 了 解10. from. to.从到11. grow strawberries 种植草莓13. in (he countryside 在乡下14. go fishing 去钓鱼15. at night 在夜晚16. School trip 学校旅行17. come out 出来18. go on a school trip 去学校郊游19. along the way 沿线2(). after that 之后21. buy sth. for sb.为某人买某物22. all in疝总的来说23. take a / the train 乘火车24. be interested in 对感兴趣25. not. at all 根本不【典句必背】1. How was your school trip?你的学校郊游怎么样?一It was great!好极了!2. Did you go to the zoo?你去动物园了吗？No, I didn't. I went to a farm.不，没有。我去农场了。Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot.是的,我看见了，我看见 相当多(的牛奶)4. Were the strawberries good?这些草莓是好的吗？Yes, they were.是的，它们是。/No, they weren't. 不，它们不是。【用法集萃】1 . How + be.? + like?怎么样？2 . too many +可数名词复数 太多的3 . teach sb. how to do sth.教某人怎样做某事4 .一般过去式它表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，过去习惯 性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性 格。相关时间短语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month.), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long ago, once upon a time。结构：肯定句：主语+be动词；行为动词的过去式否定句：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't, 同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词 do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。5 .quite a lot相当多+of+可数不可数 quite a few相当多+可数名词 Quite a little相当多+不可数名词 I drink quite a lot of milk.Quite few students