辅音字母组合发音归纳.doc

辅音字母组合发音归纳Teaching aims1. 语言目标: 1）掌握21个辅音字母在单词里的读音。        2）掌握一些辅音字母组合的发音2 能力目标：1)能够看到单词准确的把辅音及辅音字母的音标写下来。          2)流利的拼读音标词。3 情感目标：培养学生的拼读能力，培养学生的自信心，为今后的学习打下牢固的基础Teaching difficulties一些特殊的辅音字母如：j c q x y的发音和一些辅音字母组合的发音。Teaching stepsStep 1: Reviewing1) 复习五个元音字母和21个辅音字母2) 复习辅音字母按读音分类Step 2 New Teaching 1. 辅音字母在单词里的发音1）b /b/  d /d/  f /f/  g /G / h /h/ k /k/  l /l/  m /m/  n /n/  p /p/ r /r/   s /s/   t /t/  v/v/  w /w/  z /z/2) 几个特殊的字母的发音c /k/ /s/ (在e, i, y 的前面)     j  /dZ/ x /ks/ y /j/n /N / (在/k/, /g/前） q不单独发音，常和u构成qu字母组合发/kw/2. 常见的辅音字母组合的发音ch /ts/ sh /S / th /D/T/ wh /w/ /h/ ph /f/ ck /k/qu /kw/ ge /dZ/ kn /n/ ng /N / ds /dz/ ts /ts/tr /tr/ dr /dr/ wr /r/Step 3 Practice1. 拼读练习/nas/  /lak/  /nat/  /tap/  /ma/  /lat/  /laf/  /fan/  /mas/    /kat/   /blu:/   /fu:d/   /tu:/  /ku:l/   /kju:/    /jes/  /em/    /ef/   /en/     /pen/   /el/    /let/    /ded/   /sel/ /mst/  /kp/   /s/    /wt/    /w/   /wnt/   /nt/   /bk/   /d/  /   /:l/   /b:d/    /T:d/   /ten/   /kl:k/  /hu:/   /hat/   /ha/   /h:m/   /hak/    /hr/   /help/  /Tæk/   /m:nN/  /sN/ / brN/ /rN/   /b/  /dZ/  /nz/  /pnt/   /p/   /an/   /r/   :t/ /drm/  /dr:/  /    /k:dz/   /hld/   /bedz/   /tri:/    /tra/   /tren/   /trp/   /strkt/    /stri:ts/    /:ts/   2根据单词写出下列单词中辅音字母或辅音字母组合的发音Dale /_ei_/   late /_ei_/  she /_i:/  nine /_ a_/ note /_/nice /_ a_/ cute /_ ju:_/  black /_ _Q_/   yes /_e_/thing /_ _/  lunch /_ _/   just/ _ _ _/   tree /_ i:/fox /_/ write /_ a_/  spell /_ _e _/  shop /_  _/  thanks /_ Q_ _ _/    drive /_ a_/  pants  /_Q _/phone /_ _/  beds /_ e _/  huge /_ ju: _/  case /_ ei _/math /_ Q_/  these /_ i:_/  text /_ e_ _/  milk /_ _ _/Step4 Summing up 辅音字母和辅音字母组合的发音，以及基本的见词能读的能力培养。Step5 Test 1. 写出下列辅音字母组合的音标ch_   sh_ wh_ ph_ wr_ ck_qu_   tr_  dr_ ng _ ds_ ge _2根据音标写出单词,元音字母已给出。/lak/ _i_e  /nat/_i_e  /lat/ _i_e  /laf/ _i_e /fan/ _i_e        /fu:d/_oo_   /jes/ _e_  /em/ e_  /pen/ _e_   /sel/ _e_ /mst/ _u_ _  /kp/ _u_  /nt/ _o_  / _o   /tri:/ _ee/ten/ _e_ _   /Tæk/ _a_ _  /tren/ _a_e   /trp/ _i_   /drm/ _ u_  /p/ _o_ /sN/ _i_ _   /bedz/ _e_Step 6 homework 大声朗读音标词并注意辅音字母和辅音字母组合的发音。1音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（m n l例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。2音节的划分 在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er3重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。4开音节 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse.5闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup6双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。例如：´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor7多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如：´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。scien´tific im´pression ´nation字母及组合发音表-元音、辅音（全）一、元音字母元音字母位置读音例词例外a重读开音节eicake base escape plane have ævase a:water:重读闭音节æfat trap flat exactly rapid dam 非重读音节again camera vacation vegetable i:comrade village courage 在w之后want wash what wandersk,ss,st,th,ch,f,nc之前a:master ask task class glass father path after branch advance特殊情况eany many anything anybodye重读开音节i:be these she evil重读闭音节enet press gently accept level 非重读音节silence problem open children ieffect select develop before I(y)重读开音节airipe alive wine arrive beside polite life smile surprise giveiliveipyramidi重读闭音节iquiz sick dish sing dig film miss winter picture difficlt y在重读音节中aicycle sky shy why y在非重读音节中icity copy empty every healthynb,ld,mb前aimind kind blind find child climb 非重读音节中terrible horrible possible在下列单词中读作i:Police magazine machine technique o重读开音节ustone note programmed progress motor lonely smoke no jokewomanuwomen i重读闭音节copy boss cloth fond long knock across common bomb n,m,v,th前ton done come some love cover mother another other 在以ld,st,th结尾的一些词中uhold fold told most almost both非重读音节official position society freedom 在下列单词中读u:move prove lose whose tomb shoe do remove U重读开音节ju:use duty computer reduce rescue tube Tuesday trueu:busy iburyeminutei重读闭音节cup lunch bus hub uput pull push full bullet非重读音节until supply unless industry在开音节中，在辅音字母l,r,j后u:blue rule ruler June July rude 二、元音字母组合元音字母组合位置读音例词 例外ar重读a:mark carve article party market March farm hard在W后:warm warn reward war非重读 grammarer重读:service certain serve非重读worker farmer teacher or重读:form important corner horse在W后:work word world worth非重读 mirror doctor forbid forgetur重读:church Thursday nurse turn return 非重读surprise surround murmur ir重读:thirsty dirty first girlaai重读音节eitailor remain grain sail praise raise brain said e非重读音节icaptain certainau:causeaunt a:al:walk ball all talk half a:alms a:lalways almost already although aw:draw dawn saw airefair affair hair upstairsareedare glare share compare careful area:augh:taught caught daughter naughtylaugha:fay重读音节eidelay play say way todaysays e非重读音节iSunday Monday eeai: repeat leaf lead peace disease cream esweater thread headache heavy breakfast 特殊eigreat greatly break ireal idea theatreeei:sleep freely weed steel degree eariappear clear near hear dear ear heart a:heard learn earn early searchewear bear swear pear eiireceive seize ceiling ewju:few new newssewu在l，r后u:blew flew threw drew ereethere where here iey重读音节eigrey hey obey key i:非重读音节imonkey donkey eigheiweight eight eightyiiei:piece thief field chief dietaiquietaiailie tie dieireaiwire inspire hire tire ighairight fight night high bright light ooauloaf road soap coat boat broad: abroad:oiivoice noise point choice oyitoy boy joy joyfuloo在其他字母前u:roof choose school shoot woolufootu在k，d 前utook look cook stood wood good foodu:flood blood oor:floor door pooruouaupound rouse mountain trousers ground thousand shoulderusoulucouple cousin double country touch trouble u:route group routine soupucould should would ough:fought bought brought thought thoughuplough aucough fthroughu:thoroughenough fowaudown brown flower knowledgeubowl sow window row owner low show throw growuure重读音节usure surely 非重读音节:pleasure 三、辅音字母辅音字母位置读音例词例外b在m后或在t之前不发音tomb climb doubt其他情况bbed bob big c在 e, i, y前scentre city decide bicycle concert rice percent在ia,ie,io 前social especial ancient在a,o,u,l 前在音节末kcave comfort color class cause capital castg在其他字母前ggift girl goal glad glassgarage 在e,i,y 前dlarge general orange pageget g在以n结尾的词中不发音sign foreignh一般情况hhold heat hide hate huge在个别词中不发音honest hour honor foreheadk一般情况kwalk key kite在n前不发音knows词首ssend save在元音字母和元音字母之间zvisit desire musicbase s在词中清辅音前spast在词中浊辅音前zhusband salesgirl在元音字母u,i前sure sugar Russia Asia在u,ion前pleasure usually occasion televisionn在其他字母前ncorner nine nice line在字母k,x,g前anxious think thank finger bankstrange nx在其他字母前ksexcept exhibition extract text在元音字母前gzexam example exist exactly四、辅音字母组合辅音字母组合位置读音例词例外Chtchannel choose check chalk change sandwichkchemistry Christmas headache school dmachine moustachetchtmatch patch snatch ththink thank thing worth ðwith although those this qukwquiz question quick quite phftelephone physics phrase ckkpackage pick quick back knnknife know knowledge knock ngsomething sing thingwr在其他字母前rwrong wretch wrapwhwwheel wheat whisper whistle white why 在字母o前hwhole whose who whom tion在词尾neducation station direction situation 在字母s后tnsuggestion question sionndecision conclusion五、单词附加词尾的读音规则词尾位置读音例词(e)s清辅音后sdesks makes lamps looks浊辅音或元音后zpigs radios playst后tsstudents parentsd后dzreads bedsesszizwashes boxes buses guesses taxes pages teaches housesdt后ed清辅音后twashed walked asked missed jumped浊辅音或元音后drecognized called answered played copiedtd后idwanted trusted landed needed