2023年上海市高考英语模拟试卷试题三（含答案）.pdf

2023年 全 国 普 通 高 等 学 校 招 生 统 一 考 试 上 海 高 考 英 语 模 拟 试 卷 I.Listening comprehension略 IL Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word thatbest fits each blank.Ifs harder to heal at nightCircadian rhythm,better known as our body clock,is the cycle that keeps usmoving on.During a 24-hour cycle it helps(2 1)(drive)multiple processesin the body,from hormone secretion and sleeping patterns to metabolism.Andresearchers at the Medical Research Council(MRC)Laboratory of Molecular Biologyin Cambridge have discovered that this cycle can affect the healing of wounds such ascuts and bums.Dr John ONeill,the senior author of the study,said,nThis is the first time thatthe circadian clock within individual skin cells(22)(show)to determinehow effectively they respond to injuries.”The study found that,on average,bums that(23)(occur)at night took60 per cent longer to heal than bums that happened during the body clock daytimecycle.Nighttime bums(sustained between 8pm and 8am)healed around 28 days(24)of 17 days if a bum was sustained during the day(between 8am and8pm).The study drew these conclusions after(25)(analyse)data from 118patient records from all major bums units in England and Wales.The reasoning behind the differences in healing time is due to(26)long it takes for skin cells to move to the site of the wound and begin repairs,a process that occurs more quickly during the daytime.This is driven by increasedactivity of the proteins within the cell,(27)act like a muscle within thecell.In a statement,Dr Ned Hoyle,the lead author of the study,said,Weve shownthat the dailycycles in our body clock control how well cells can repair(2 8)(damage)tissue by affecting an essential protein called actin.Efficient repair of our skin iscritical to preventing infection,and(2 9)healing goes wrong,wounds needmore time to heal.Further research into the link(30)body clocks andwound healing may help us to develop drugs that promote wound healing.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each wordcan only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.achieved B.applicant-tracking C.descriptive D.eliminate E.extentF.high-energy G.match H.missions I.outcomes J.quantifiable K.screenOutsmarting the Robots Q:Regarding your column on trying to get your resumepast the robots,Pm a 59-year-old sales professional looking for a job.I suspect Fmgetting bounced because Fm showing 20-plus years of experience.How should I bedescribing my experience to get past these 31 systems?一 C.P.A:These systems typically 3 2 applicants based partly on theireducation level,titles held on past jobs and consistency(一 致 性)of work history.Job-search coaches often recommend leaving out dates more than 20 years in the past.A l s o,33 the names of past employers that are out of business.Replacethem with a general description of the kind and 34 of the experience yougained there,such as sales management,and mention titles held and results3 5 in those roles.Place special emphasis on quantifying such36 as sales or market-share growth or customers gained.Try to apply only for openings that are truly a good 3 7,then tailoryour application and cover letter by selecting the same keywords and 38terms used by the employer in the job posting.Emphasize your most recent roles.Ifyouve been out of work for a while,consider acquiring some new qualificationsthrough training,or putting your sales skills to work for a nonprofit organization in arole that will enable you to show 39 results.Employers will be lookingfor an a c t i v e,40 applicant who is ready for a fast start.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrasesmarked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.Many people I know(including members of my family)feel exercise is atime-consuming9 unpleasant activity.The need to change into other clothes,tofrequently take a block of time out of busy lives,and to get dirty and exhausted:theyfind it a ll 4 1.But Tve always 42 the hard work and even thesatisfaction of earning the next days sore muscles.And I had a slight sense of pride inknowing not only that I was helping the biological machinery that promotes health butalso that I got a nice side 43 of being able to eat cookies because Fdburned extra calories.4 4 Or,at least,not entirely right.As science shows over and overagain,our intuitive ideas of how things work often don*t 45 in the face ofdata and careful analysis.The benefits of exercise are a case in point.In this issuescover story,The Exercise Paradox/scientist Herman Pontzer describes a surprisingand fascinating result of evolution:humans bum about the same number of caloriesregardless o f 46 level.And compared with other animals,we use a lot ofcalories.In addition to 47 our common sense,the findings provide furtherinsights about why our kind has been so extraordinarily successful,becoming the48 force on the planet.By the way,to be clear,we should all 49.Regularactivity does help our inner engines run right,and it has some benefits in elevatingmood and improving cognition(认 矢 口).But enabling weight loss regardless of diet?Not so much.The knowledge that we have had the capability to rule over our own worldhas 50 the idea that we would someday also come to live on other planets.To be sure,that 51 encompasses healthy amounts of romanticism,a senseof adventure and even concerns about having sufficient options to ensure our species5long-term survival.5 2 the“easy problems of longer space journeysinclude escaping Earths gravity with rockets,building airtight ships with enough airto breathe,and carrying huge amounts food and water.A much harder 53is one that Hollywood never told you about:the damage to the brain done by cosmicradiation(宇 宙 射 线)，which neuroscientist Charles L.Limoli describes inDeep-Space Deal Breaker/Will it prove to be the barrier to our 5 4 thefinal frontierA?One thing is certain:the human ambition means we wont55 trying.41.A.amusing B.unappealing C.convincing D.shocking42.A.enjoyed B.minded C.reflected D.forgot43.A.obstacle B.benefit C.impact D.view44.A.Wonderful B.Wrong C.Pointless D.Right45.A.stand up B.take off C.end up D.tum off46.A.service B.income C.activity D.demand47.A.underrating B.over-impressing C.under-training D.overtuming48.A.dominant B.singular C.cultural D.declining49.A.celebrate B.return C.remember D.exercise50.A.rejected B.considered C.questioned D.inspired5 l.A.ruling B.survival C.knowledge D.shift52.A.Besides B.Otherwise C.Similarly D.Unfbrtunately53.A.routine B.version C.challenge D.option54.A.demanding B.measuring C.conquering D.recognising55.A.stop B.advise C.deserve D.keepSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in thepassage you have just read.(A)Cartoons suit the way we like information to be presented these days:graphicallyand in small amounts.We are used to cartoons and comic strips that take an ironiclook at modem life or provide a bit of escapism.But recently we have seen anincrease in the number of graphic novels:booklength comics with a single,continuous narrative.Historically,graphic novels were not popular outside France,Belgium,Japan,and the US.The exception is the worldwide popularity of a youngreporter-detective from Belgium,Tintin.The creation of the Belgian cartoonist Herge,The Adventures of Tintin firstappeared in a Belgian newspaper in 1929.Each story appeared as a cartoon strip weekby week,but soon after was republished in book form.One of the main attractions forreaders was that they were taken to parts of the world they had never seen andprobably never would:Russia,the Congo,America.Herge himself only traveledoutside Belgium later in life,but his passion was educating his readers about othercultures and places.Two things set Herge apart as a graphic novelist The first was his technicaldrawing skills:with just a few simple lines he could communicate a particular facialexpression or movement.The second was the careful research he put into his stories.In The Crab with the Golden Claws.Tintin follows an opium-smuggling ring to NorthAfrica;in King Ottakafs Scepter,he makes an attempt at a military coup in a centralEuropean country.While telling these stories,Herge also steered a fine line betweenserious topics and humor.Tintin had more than his fair share of adventures,but perhaps the greatest is hisjourney to the Moon,told in Destination Moon and Explorers on the Moon.Written in1953,sixteen years before the first Moon landing,the stories show a remarkable eyefor technical detail and feeling for the nature of space travel.In the early 1950s,fewcould imagine what it was like to be looking down at our planet from outer space.And that is Herges true gift:to understand what a place was like without ever havingbeen there.56.What can be learned about graphic novels from the passage?A.The Adventures of Tintin is the world*s first graphic novel.B.Most of them were just popular in several countries.C.They present information in small amounts.D.They mostly involve detective stories.57.Which of the following is an attraction of The Adventures of Tintin for readers?A.The stories were created in Belgium,a European country.B.The stories were the first graphic novel published in book form.C.The stories used to be cartoon strips that appeared week by week.D.The stories enable them to learn about places they have never been to.58.The Crab with the Golden Claws and King Ottakar ns Scepter are used as examplesto i l l u s t r a t e.A.Herge liked touching on serious topicsB.Herge himself had a good sense of humorC.Herge based his stories on the research resultsD.Herge was expert at applying technical drawing skills59.Which of the following statements is true of Herge?A.He had been longing for a trip to the Moon.B.He never had any chance to leave Belgium for travelling.C.He could describe accurately those experiences he never had.D.He devoted himself to education before creating graphic novels.（B）Where is Amelia Earhart?Three theoriesAmelia Earhart,the first woman to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean,wasattempting a round-the-world flight in 1937.She planned to land on the tiny PacificOcean island of Howland.She never arrived.Her fate,and that of her navigator（导 航 员）Fred Noonan,remains one of aviations（航 空 的）greatest unsolved mysteries.Researchers have spent millions of dollars investigating the case and several bookshave been published that examined different theories.The official US position is that Earhart ran out of fuel and crashed in the PacificOcean.The radio log from aUS Coast Guard ship indicates that she must have beennear Howland when contact was lostAnother theory says that Earhart could have crashed on a different island,calledNikumaroro,and died since the island is uninhabited.Yet another theory claims she was captured while on a secret mission to theMarshall Islands in the North Pacific and eventually returned to the US with a newidentity.Lost and found?The missing pilotFebruary 18,2011Amelia Earharts dried saliva（唾 液）could help solve the longstanding mystery ofthe aviatofs 1937 disappearance,according to scientists who plan to take samples ofher DNA from her correspondence.A new project aims to create a genetic profile thatcould be used to test recent claims that a bone found on the South Pacific islandofNikumaroro is Earharf s.Justin Long,a Canadian whose family is partially funding the DNA project,points out that at the moment,anyone who finds parts of bones can claim that they areEarharfs remains.According to Justin Long,Earhart5 s letters are the only items thatare both proved to be hers and that might contain her DNA.Hair samples are one ofthe best sources of DNA,but no hair samples from Earhart are known.There was,intheory,a sample of Earhart5s hair in the International Womens Air and SpaceMuseum in Cleveland,US.However,a 2009 study revealed that the sample wasactually thread.The remains of Earhart,her navigator Noonan,and their twin-engine plane werenever recovered.But in 2009,a group of researchers found a bone fragment onNikumaroro that they believed might have been from one of Earhart5 s fingers.However,some scientists have suggested the Nikumaroro bone fragment isnt humanat all but may instead belong to a sea turtle that was found nearby.The new Earhart DNA project will be headed by Dongya Yang,a geneticscientist at Simon Fraser University in Canada.Yang will work on four letters Earhartwrote to her family.Much of Earhart9 s correspondence was done by her secretary butthe assumption is that Earhart must have sealed the envelopes of these personal lettersherself.6O.Why are there so many theories concerning where Amelia Earhart was?A.It is still a mystery.B.She left with some secrets.C.Her flight cost much money.D.She returned with a new identity.61.What could Justin Longs project help to do?A.To search Nikumaroro more thoroughly.B.To confirm if a bone belongs to Amelia Earhart.C.To find out who Amelia Earhart often wrote to.D.To locate Amelia Earharfs remains accurately.62.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.None of Amelia Earharts DNA has been collected so far.B.Amelia Earhart took delight in writing letters to her family.C.The Nikumaroro bone fragment belonged to Amelia Earhart.D.The hair sample in Clevelands museum was Amelia Earhart5s.（C）I ran into my favourite technophobe（抗 拒 技 术 者）the other day.nI see,helaughed,that your tech industry is in meltdown!The annoying thing is that he waspartly right.What has happened is that two major security weaknesses one of themhas been named Meltdown，the other“Spectre”一 have been discovered in theCentral Processing Unit（CPU）chips that power most of the computers in the world.A CPU is a device for performing billions of operations determined by whateverprogram is running:it fetches some data from memory,performs some operations onthat data and then sends it back to memory;then fetches the next bit of data;and so on.Two decades ago someone had an idea for speeding up CPUs.Instead of waiting untilthe program told them which data to fetch next,why not try to predict whats neededand pre-fetch it?That way,the processor would become faster and more efficient.This meant that 一 in a nice comparison made by Zeynep Tufekci,an academic whowrites beautifully about this stuff the CPU became like a super-attentive butler（管 家）,pouring that second glass of wine before you knew you were going to ask forit”.But what if you dont want others to know about the details of your wine stock?nItturns out