湖南省名校联盟2021-2022学年高一上学期期末教学质量检测英语Word版含解析.docx

高一英语试卷注意事项:1 .答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读 下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B.£9.18. C. £9.15.答案是C。1. What did the woman try to stop drinking?A. Coffee. B. Tea. C. Juice.2. Where do the speakers plan to go?A. To their home. B. To a shop. C. To a library.3. What does the woman think of the boy's failure?A. It is a great pity. B. It is out of her expectation. C. It is helpful to improve his English.4. Why does the woman want to go to the mountains?A. To see some animals. B. To visit her parents. C. To go skiing.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Where to put the fridge. B. When to buy a cupboard. C. How to move the fridge.第二节（共15小题；每小题L5分，满分225分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,the moon or Mars, we have to solve health problems to get them there safHy.”12. What's the purpose of the research?A. To know the situation in space.To study squids' living conditions.C. To check astronauts* immune systems.To help solve astronauts* health problems.13. Why do the squids become the object of the research?A. They have a relationship with space.B. T hey can control their giving off light.C. They have something in common with people.D. They can solve the problems of natural bacteria.14. What is Margaret's attitude to the research?A.Uncaring.B. Positive.C.Uncertain.D.Curious.15. Where can the text be found?A.In a novel.B. In a history book.C.In a travel brochure.D.In a science magazine.【答案】12.D13. C 14. B 15. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员通过研究鲸鱼在太空中的反应来帮助解决宇航员健康 问题。介绍了选择鲸鱼作为研究目标的原因以及这一研究的重要意义。【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “The research, started in 1989, can help scientists learn about human health during long trips in space.（这项研究始于1989年，可以帮助科学家在太空长途旅行中了解人类健康）”以及倒数第二段中 u Understanding what happens to the squids in space could help solve health problems that astronauts face.（了解这些鳏鱼在太空中的情况可能有助于解决宇航员面临的健康问题）”可知，这项研究的目的是帮助解 决宇航员健康问题。故选D。【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Squids have a relationship with natural bacteria that help them control their giving off light. Margaret said, "When astronauts are in low gravity, their bodies1 relationship with bacteria changes. Bacteria are very important to the human body and health. The relationship of humans with bacteria is disturbed in low gravity, and Jamie has shown that it is true in squids," said Margaret. HAnd, because it's a simple system, she can get to the bottom of what happens.”（跳鱼与自然细菌有关系，帮助它们控制自己的发光。Margaret说：“当宇航 员处于低重力状态时，他们的身体与细菌的关系发生了变化。细菌对人体和健康非常重要。在低重力环境 下，人类与细菌的关系被打乱了，杰米已经证明了这在豌鱼身上是正确的，而且，因为这是一个简单的系 统，她可以了解到底发生了什么。“）”可推知，豌鱼会成为研究的对象因为他们与人有共同之处。故选C。 【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中"Understanding what happens to the squids in space could help solve health problems that astronauts face.（了解这些蜕鱼在太空中的情况可能有助于解决宇航员面临的健康问题）”可推 知，Margaret对研究持积极态度。故选B。【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段 “Jamie Foster is conducting the study as a researcher at the University of Hawaii with the help of Dr. Margaret McFall-Ngai, a member of the National Academy of Sciences. The Honolulu Star-Advertiser newspapers reported that she studies how spaceflight affects the squids. The research, started in 1989, can help scientists learn about human health during long trips in space. （Jamie Foster 是夏威夷大学的一名 研究人员，在美国国家科学院成员MargaretMcFalLNgai博士的帮助下进行了这项研究。据檀香山星报 报道，她研究太空飞行如何影响乌贼。这项研究始于1989年，可以帮助科学家在太空长途旅行中了解人 类健康）”结合文章主要说明了研究人员通过研究鲸鱼在太空中的反应来帮助解决宇航员健康问题。介绍了 选择鲸鱼作为研究目标的原因以及这一研究的重要意义。可推知，文章可能选自一本科学杂志。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We never get our childhood back once we're adults! For teenagers, life is not a playground, ifs a jungle （丛 林）.16 It's important to learn the principles and rules will help them to reach their goals and live asuccessful life. Follow the steps below, and you can achieve a successful teenage life.Do best in school. 17 No matter how boring it is now, education will help you be a productive member in society. Work hard for excellence in school. Doing so will help you get into a better university, which will enable you to get a great job in the future.Draw your future. Life is full of amazing things to do and learn about. Start from one single step to reach your goal. Start thinking about careers you would like to be in, and make a good choice based on your interests and strengths. 1819 Never hang out with someone who doesn't make you feel comfortable. Be with people who make you happy, and get rid of the ones who don't. Create a group of supportive and loving friends that can help you succeed in life and live your dreams.Be proactive（积极主动）.Being proactive is the key to unlocking the other habits. Proactive people understand that they are responsible for their own happiness or unhappiness. 20A. Do what you love.B. Choose your friends wisely,C. School sets you on the right track!D. This could be your job for the rest of your life!E. You get the opportunity to enjoy life only once.F. They don't blame others for their own actions or feelings.G. The life of a teenager is full of difficulties and life-changing decisions.【答案】16.G17. C 18. D 19. B 20. F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述青少年生活的准则。学会这些准则，会帮助青少年实现目标，过 上成功的青少年生活。【16题详解】上文"For teenagers, life is not a playground, ifs a jungle.（对于青少年来说，生活不是操场而是丛林）”说 明青少年的生活从此不只是有快乐，也有困难，如同丛林一般。G项"The life of a teenager is full of difficulties and life-changing decisions.（青少年的生活充满了困难和改变人生的决定。）"中的"difficulties"与上文内 容一致。故选G。【17题详解】上文 “Do best in school.（在学校做得最好！）” 及下文 uNo matter how boring it is now, education will help you be a productive member in society.（无论现在多么无聊，教育都会帮助你成为社会中富有成效的成员。）” 说明学校的教育帮助塑造青少年。C项“School sets you on the right track!（学校让你走上正轨！）”，说明 学校教育的重要性，承上启下，故选C。【18题详解】上文 aStart thinking about careers you would like to be in, and make a good choice based on your interests and strengths.（开始考虑你想从事的职业，并根据你的兴趣和优势做出一个好的选择。）”说明要根据自己的兴 趣优势做出事业上的选择。D项“This could be your job for the rest of your life!（这可能是你余生的工作！）” 与上文构成因果关系，说明认真选择事业的重要性。故选D。【19题详解】下文 Create a group of supportive and loving friends that can help you succeed in life and live your dreams.（仓U 建一群支持和有爱心的朋友，可以帮助您在生活中取得成功并实现梦想。）”说明认真择友的重要性。B 项uChoose your friends wisely,（明智地选择你的朋友）”，与下文内容一致，为本段的标题。故选B。【20题详解】上文"Proactive people understand that they are responsible for their own happiness or unhappiness.（积极主动 的人明白，他们要对自己的幸福或不幸负责。）”说明积极主动的人是对自己负责的人。F项“They don't blame others for their own actions or feelings.（他们不会因为自己的行为或感受而责怪别人。）”是补充说明积极主动的人的优点，故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The second Sunday in May is a volunteer day in my neighborhood. Last year, my neighbors and I decided to21in the cancer ward 0齿房）at the Royal Children's Hospital. As Children's Day was coming, the hospitalwanted us to make some 22 with children.The day before we went to the hospital, many of us were feeling quite 23 We didn't know how we would react when seeing those sick 24 As we were preparing morning tea for them at my home, I25 some neighbors to make chocolate bread and candies.We arrived early at the hospital and were greeted 26 by the staff-it was 27 to know that they were welcoming us and the brightness we would offer. Our first 28 was to offer morning tea to the children who seemed a bit shyit seemed that nothing broke the 29 better than candies!It was then time to start making cards-we brought crayons, glue and shiny things to 30 the children! We talked with them and helped them make cards. It was surprising that our 31 immediately went away. Although they were seriously ill, they were 32, Most of them chose to use bright colors as they believedthey would be 33 soon. For a time, we even 34 they were ill.We left the hospital when it was dark. Although we were tired, we were happy to see 35 on those children's faces.21.A.exchangeB.volunteerC.recoverD.live22.A.cakesB.toolsC.toysD.cards23.A.annoyedB.nervousC.relaxedD.tired24.A.athletesB.neighborsC.friendsD.children25.A.askedB.forcedC.forbadeD.warned26.A.illegallyB.warmlyC.equallyD.secretly27.A.worryingB.disappointingC.confusingD.encouraging28.A.trapB.experimentC.jobD.goal29.A.lawB.promiseC.iceD.record30.A.exciteB.rescueC.cureD.frighten31.A.luckB.dreamC.stressD.joy32.A.limitedB.traditionalC.positiveD.confident33.A.youngerB.betterC.worseD.cooler34.A.believedB.foundC.doubtedD.forgot35.A.smilesB.tearsC.painD.anxiety【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A31. C 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在皇家儿童医院的癌症病房做志愿者的经历。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，我和邻居们决定去皇家儿童医院的癌症病房做志愿者。A. exchange交换;B. volunteer 志愿做；C. recover 恢复；D. live 生活，居住。根据第一The second Sunday in May is a volunteer day in my neighborhood.”可知，因为是志愿者日，所以作者和邻居们决定去皇家儿童医院的癌症病房做志 愿者。故选B。【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：六一儿童节快到了，医院要我们和孩子们一起做一些卡片。A. cakes蛋糕；B. tools 工具；C. toys 玩具；D. cards 卡片。根据倒数第二段“It was then time to start making cards”可知，医院 要作者他们和孩子们做卡片。故选D。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在我们去医院的前一天，我们中的许多人都感到非常紧张。A. annoyed生气 的；B. nervous 紧张的；C. relaxed 放松的；D. tired 疲倦的。根据后文"We didn't know how we would react” 可知，作者他们紧张得不知道如何表现。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不知道看到那些生病的孩子会有什么反应。A. athletes运动员；B. neighbors 邻居；C.friends朋友；D. children儿童。由前文“at the Royal Children's Hospital.”可知，因为是去儿童医院， 所以此处指生病的孩子。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我们为他们准备早茶时，我请了一些邻居在我家做巧克力面包和糖果。A. asked 请求；B. forced 强迫；C. forbade 禁止；D. warned 警告。根据后文“some neighbors to make chocolate bread and candies at my home.”可知，作者请求邻居们做一些巧克力面包和糖果。故选A。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们很早就到了医院，并受到了工作人员的热情欢迎一一得知他们在欢迎我们 以及我们将提供的光明，我们感到很鼓舞。A. illegally非法地;B.warmly热情地,温暖地;C.equally平 等地；D. secretly秘密地。根据后文“that they were welcoming us”可知，作者他们受到了热情地欢迎。故选 Bo【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. worrying令人担忧的；B.disappointing令人失望的；C.confusing令 人困惑的；D. encouraging鼓舞人的。根据空前可知，作者他们受到了热烈欢迎，作者感到备受鼓舞。故选 Do【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们要做的第一件事是给孩子们提供早茶，因为他们看起来有点害羞一一似乎 没有什么比糖果更能打破僵局了!A.tnip陷阱，圈套；B. experiment实验；C.job工作，事情；D.goal目标。 根据后文“was to offer morning tea to the children who seemed a bit shy”可知，作者他们要做的第一件事是给 孩子们提供早茶。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. law法律；B.promise承诺；C. ice冰；D.record记录。由空前“who seemed abitshy”可知，因为孩子们有点害羞，作者他们想用糖果打破僵局；break the ice打破僵局，固定搭配。故 选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后是制作卡片的时间了一一我们带了蜡笔、胶水和亮闪闪的东西来让孩子们 兴奋起来！ A. excite使兴奋；B. rescue拯救；C.cure治愈；D.frighten使害怕。根据空前“we brought crayons, glue and shiny things”可知，作者他们在制作卡片时，带来蜡笔，胶水和亮闪闪的东西让孩子们兴奋起来。故选Ao【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，我们的压力立刻消失了。A. luck运气；B. dream梦想；C. stress 压力；D. joy欢乐。由第二段第一句可知，作者们来医院之前感到紧张，有压力；做卡片时，让孩子们兴 奋起来，所以作者他们的压力也消失了。故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:尽管他们都病得很重，但他们都是乐观的。A. limited有限的;B. traditional 传统的；C. positive 积极的；D. confident 自信的。根据句意和空后“Most of them chose to use bright colors ” 可知，虽然病得严重，孩子们还是积极乐观的。故选C。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数人选择了明亮的颜色，因为他们相信自己很快就会好起来。A. younger 更年轻的；B. better 更好的；C. worse 更差的；D. cooler 更酷的。由前文“Most of them chose to use bright colors ” 可知，大部孩子选择明亮的颜色是因为孩子们相信自己会好起来的。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一段时间，我们甚至忘记他们生病了。A. believed相信；B.found发现;C. doubted 怀疑；D. forgot忘记。根据做卡片时孩子们兴奋的表情，以及对将来美好的期望可知，作者他们甚至忘记 他们生病了。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们很累，但我们很高兴看到孩子们脸上的笑容。A.smiles微笑；B. tears 眼泪；C pain痛苦；D. anxiety焦虑。根据前文孩子们兴奋的表情和对将来美好的期待可知，作者他们离 开时，看到孩子们脸上是有高兴的笑容的。故选A。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Understanding the benefits of exerciseMost people assume that regular exercise does 36(wonder) for the body and mind-but what exactly37(be )its health benefits ? To start with, physical activity increases the efficiency of your heart and lungs.During exercise, your heart and lungs must work harder. This extra effort makes them grow stronger 38 the long term. It also 39(prove) that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lowerrisk of diseases. Moreover, exercise is good for your mental health. Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. Some studies even show that exercise improves certain brain functions,40(mean)you could actually exercise your way to better 41(perform) at school!Planning your exercise routineWhen you plan an exercise routine, the first thing 42 (consider) is what you expect to improve： heart and lung 43(efficient), muscle strength or flexibility. Aerobic activities, like jogging, swimmingand skiing, develop your heart and lungs. Strength training, such as pull-ups and weightlifting, increases muscle strength and encourages bone develop- ment. Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body's range of movement. These types of exercise all play 44 role in a healthy-routine. Above all, choose activities you enjoy 45, in this way, you're more likely to stick withthem.【答案】36. wonders37. are 38. over39. has been proven40. meaning41. performance42. to consider43. efficiency44. a 45. because【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了锻炼的好处以及如何合理制定自己的锻炼时间。【36题详解】考查名词单复数。句意：大多数人认为经常锻炼对身体和精神有奇效，但它到底对健康有什么好处呢？ wonder可数名词“奇迹”，在句中做do的宾语，do wonders “创造奇迹”。故填wonders.【37题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：大多数人认为经常锻炼对身体和精神有奇效，但它到底对健康有什么好处呢？ 分析句子结构可知，本句话为特殊疑问句，空处为句子的谓语动词，主语为health benefits,复数，时态为 一般现在时态。故填are。【38题详解】考查介词。句意：这种额外的努力使它们在长期内变得更强壮。over the long term ”从长远来看”。故填 over。【39题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：研究还证明，活跃的人往往具有更好的免疫系统，患病风险更低。根据句意可知, 研究已经证明了活跃的人往往具有更好的免疫系统，患病风险更低。所以句子用现在完成时态，主语it和 谓语动词之间为动宾关系，所以句子要用被动语态，主语为单数。故填has been proven。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些研究甚至表明，锻炼可以改善某些大脑功能，这意味着你可以通过锻炼的方 式在学校取得更好的成绩！分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处需要非谓语做结果状语，此处的 结果为意料之中的结果，所以用现在分词。故填meaning。41题详解】考查名词。句意：一些研究甚至表明，锻炼可以改善某些大脑功能，这意味着你可以通过锻炼的方式在学 校取得更好的成绩！空前为形容词的比较级，所以空处需要用名词，perform为动词“表现，表演”，其 名词 形式为 performance。故填 performance。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你计划锻炼的时候，首先要考虑的是你希望改善的：心脏和肺的功能，肌肉的 力量或灵活性。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词做定语，所修饰的名词有序数 词first修饰，所以要用动词不定式。故填to consider。【43题详解】考查名词。句意：当你计划锻炼的时候，首先要考虑的是你希望改善的：心脏和肺的功能，肌肉的力量或 灵活性。根据句意可知，你锻炼的时候需要考虑首先要改善的，比如心肺功能，所以空处需要名词，efficient 为形容词,其名词为 efficiency, heart and lung efficiency “心肺功能”。故填 efficiency。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：这些类型的运动都在健康的日常生活中发挥作用。根据句意可知本题考查短语playarole in ”在中起作用”。故填a。45题详解】考查连词。句意：最重要的是，选择你喜欢的活动，因为这样你更有可能坚持下去。根据空前的“choose activities you enjoy” 和空后的 “you're more likely to stick with them可知，空后为空前的原因。故填 becauseo第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，外国朋友Robert发邮件询问你校开展课外活动的情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容如下:1 .描述具体情况；2 .表达感想。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；3 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Robert,Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Robert,I'm glad to have heard from you. You said you wanted to know about the out-of-class activities of our