中考英语专项突破---阅读理解、任务型阅读.docx

中考英语专项突破-阅读理解、任务型阅读一、阅读理解1. Traffic lights are red, yellow and green. They are very important signals（信号）. Traffic lights are usually placed at busy street corners to help control traffic. Sometimes, they are on streets near schools and shops, too. Most young children are taught what each of the coloured lights means, so everybody can stay safe.The first traffic signals were used for trains. The signals were put alongside railway tracks（轨道）.The colour red was used to mean stop because it warned people of danger. A red light was also the easiest colour to see from a distance. Train drivers could see the red "stop” light ahead and had enough time to slow down and stop their trains. A green light was used to mean "take care" and a white light meant go.However, there were many dangerous accidents on the train tracks.Some train drivers thought a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant go So the signals were swapped. The go light was changed to green and the take care light was changed to white.During these times, people travelled by train or in carts pulled by horses. Years later, when cars were built, people began to drive them because they could travel much faster than horses. However, the road rules for drivers were not very clear and many people were hurt crossing the roads. Yellow warning signs had to be placed beside the roads to remind drivers to take care and allow people to cross safely.Today, towns and cities all over the world have traffic lights. Red and green lights match the signals used on the railways. Yellow lights are easy to see, so they are used to warn drivers that they should slow c1own and prepare to stop.1. Why was the color red used to mean stop？Besides the food, there were many wonderful shows on the stage. Bands sang traditional Chinese songs, it never felt strange to me. At midnight, dragon and lion dancing began. Dancers controlled the dragons and lions to jump up and down and follow the ball ahead of them. The crowd cheered and rushed to take photos. Suddenly, someone set off firecrackers（鞭炮）. What an amazing Lantern Festival!It's very different to experience Chinese Lantern Festival abroad. However, the festival carried Chinese people's love back to their families and hometown. It is one of the most well-known festivals in the world.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1. When did people have the huge celebration in Melbourne?2. How do many stall owners attract people's attention?3. What is the most important part of the Chinese celebration?4. What could people see besides the food?5. What does the writer think of the Chinese Lantern Festival abroad?2. If you want to truly see and experience the Great Wall, not just check it off the sightseeing list. This is the best way to do it.Tim, your French-English-Chinese-German-Italian speaking guide, speaks with you beforehand（提前）to get a good understanding of what you'd like to do and then plans the hike carefully. As for us, we spoke for 20 minutes through Skype before my trip and the hike, and then he advised us to start from the bottom of the stairway to the Mutianyu section, with an overnight on the wall. It was perfect!The Great Wall is amazing, the sights around the mountain are fantastic and the hike itself was a bit difficult.Tim knows a lot about the Great WalF s history, construction details and China. He is an experienced hiker, so I felt I was very lucky. Tim has also lived in Beijing for several years, so he was able to give some great suggestions on food, sights, etc. for the rest of my stay.This was exactly the way I had hoped to see the Great Wall for the first time. No crowds of tourists. No one asked me to buy things or food. No big group tour. Just a few people went for a walk along the Great Wall of China. Perfect!根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1. How many languages can Tim speak as a guide?2. Where did the guide advise the visitors to spend the night?3. What does the writer think of Tim according to the passage?4. How did the writer hope to visit the Great Wall?5. WhatJ s the best title for the passage?3. “Just because you can，t see something, that doesn，t mean it's not there. This old saying is quite meaningful for British sculptor（雕亥（J 家）Willard The items he creates are so small that most of them fit on the head of a pin. You can see them clearly only through a microscope （显 微镜）.Many people want to own his art pieces. He，s been honoured by the Queen of England for his great art achievements. At every one of his exhibitions, the question is always the same: How does he do it?The answer is very, very carefully. So carefully, in fact, that he actually slows his breathing down and works in between breaths. Willard usually works under a microscope using special tools that he creates. To paint his works, he uses the hair from a fly as a paintbrush.Creating these detailed works is a very long and difficult process, and rt isn，t always enjoyable. It is a terrible dream when I start but a nice dream when I finish, z，he says. A single item can take at least several weeks to complete.People haveasked Willard why he chose to do something that needed effort and took time. His interest in creating small things began when he was five. He started creating houses and playgrounds for ants.Willard was not a strong student. He had difficulty in reading and spelling words. Some kids used to call him a loser. This made him feel small, so focusing on little things helped him to feel big. The smaller his work got, the bigger he felt. A newspaper reporter said, “Willard has shown the world that he is special. Though , he 1. Are Willard5 s art pieces big or small in size?2. When people visit Willard's exhibitions, what question do they always ask?3. What does Willard use to make a paintbrush?4. What does the underlined word i.t in paragraph 4 refer to?5. Why did Willard choose to do something that needed effort and took time?6. What can be filled in the blanks in the last paragraph?4. Road accidents keep happening in every city, on every road and at any time. Traffic rules are made to keep order on the road. They can also help to keep the pedestrians （彳亍人）safe.The pedestrian has as many rules to follow as the driver of a car. You should walk on the sidewalk or at the edge of the road. Always look carefully before you walk across the street. If you ride a bike, don't ride in the middle of the road or look around to talk. If you drive, you should slow down at the traffic lights. You must always wear a seat belt （安全带）. Without the belts, both the driver and the passengers may be badly hurt in a sudden accident.Traffic rules are also called Road Safety Rules. The maxini（格言）for all road users is "Thinking about others.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1. Why do people make traffic rules?2. Does apedestrian have many rules tofollow?3. If youride a bike on the road, whatshould you notdo according tothe passage?4. What will happen if you don，t wear aseat beltwhenyou drive?5. What'sthe real meaning of the maxim"Thinkingabout others. ?5. Many many years ago, fires were made from lightening. But people had to keep the fire burning. Because they weren，t able to start it again without lightening. Later, people discovered that two pieces of stone hitting together could make a spark（火花）and it could fire dry leaves. They could make fire again when the fire went out. Before long, people learned to make a fire by rubbing（摩擦），too. A hole was made in a piece of wood and a smaller stick was put into it. They turned the stick again and again. After a while they got fire.As time went by, people learned other ways to make a fire. At times people used the heat from the sun. They held a piece of glass in the proper way to make a piece of paper on fire.About 200 years ago, matches were made by people. They brought a quick and easy way to make fires to people.Today matches are still being used, but more new ways have been found to make fires. One of them is to use an electric fire starter. Maybe an electric fire starter is much more expensive than a box of matches, but it is used much longer and it is more useful. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1. What can spark fire?2. What can people also get a fire by?3. How long have matches been used?4. How did people make a fire by rubbing?5. What does the passage mainly tell us?6. English has some apologetic terms （表示歉意的用语）.It seems that they mean the same thing. They almost do. However, what's the difference between Excuse me， I'm sorry", "Pardon”, and What?PardonAmericans don，t really use "pardon”. If you do, they will probably joke that you're trying to sound pretentious（炫耀的）or joke that you're British.r m sorryWe often use I'm sorry" for past events. That's to say, it is generally used to apologize for something you have already done. For example, if you step on someone，s foot on a crowded bus, you wou1d say 丫， 1 m sorry or sorry .Excuse meThis is generally a term to ask permission（允许） for something. For example, you，re walking through a crowded space and someone is in your way. You would say "excuse me to ask him to move out of your way.What?Americans usually use it to ask someone to repeat himself. If you want to be politer, you could say, "I'm sorry, what was that?” or “Excuse me, what did you say? or any other such thing. Most Americans will just say What? though.In our daily life, we can also use these terms by mixing them up.You could, for example, ask someone to move by saying "Sorry, would you mind moving?" It's an extra-polite way to make your request.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1. Who say "pardon more often, Americans or the British?2. Which term is used for future events according to the passage?3. When do Americans usually say What?4. Imagine a situation to say "I'm sorry”.5. What is the passage mainly about?A. It reminded people of traffic rules. B. It helped trains run smoothly.C. It gave people a warning of danger. D. It was the first color people thought of.2. What does the underlined word swapped" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. designed B. exchanged C. suggested D. compared3. In which order did the "take care" light develop?a. A white light.b. A green light, c. A yellow light.A. a-c-b B. b-c-a C. a-b c D. b-a-c4. What is the passage mainly about?A. The advantages of traffic lights.B. The history of trafficlights.C. The importance of traffic lights.D. The meanings of trafficlights.2. Gesture （手势）cultureI was taking a photo of my Chinese friend. Suddenly she put two figures up at me. "Why are you doing that?” I shouted. It took a long time before she realized why I was upset. Showing someone two fingers means cheese" to the camera. It is not harmful in China, but in fact it is very rude in the UK.Language difference may not on only come from grammar and sounds, because it means gestures too. Perhaps you should know that waving one hand across your face means "you are crazy" in Germany. However, tapping one finger on the side of your head shows the same meaning in the UK. If you don，t understand the meanings of the gestures clearly in different countries, you may make big mistakes!The idea of gesture mistranslation is so common that the HSBC even used it in an advertisement. A man travels around South America. He uses the sign of a thumb and a forefinger made into a circle to mean "that's 0K. So everyone looks excited and smiles back. Then he shows the same gesture to a man in Brazil, and everyone falls silent, because this is so rude to a man.Therefore, understanding different cultures and gestures can help you avoid many mistakes in daily life.1. Showing someone two fingers is in the UK.A. rude B. excited C. polite D. Funny2. According to the passage, language difference includes grammar, sounds and .A. feelings B. moods C. gestures D. Ideas3. What does tapping one finger on the side of your head mean in the UK? A. You are crazy. B. That's OK. C. You're nude. D. It is harmful.4. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. The same gesture has different meanings in different cultures.B. Different countries have different customs.C. The tradition of gesture languages.D. The understanding of gesture languages.3. In Britain, some people say they will do anything if a famous person they love asks them to. One in three people in Britain have a new kind of diseasethey love a famous person too much.Some people love famous stars like Britney Spears, David Beckham or even Tony Blair. It is not just the young, grown-ups have the same problem. One in four people are so interested in their heroes that it affects their life.There are two ways of worshipping famous people. One way is just tofollow them or talk about them with friends for fun. The other is a moreserious way. People have very strong feelings for them and think they are their friends. People who do so for fun are found to be happier. But those who have strong feelings for a famous person are perhaps to feel more lonely and worried.""Worshipping famous people is not certainly a bad thing, Dr. John, an expert said. "But like many things, overdoing it may not always be good for you. 1. From Paragraph 1, we know .A. they are friends of the famous peopleB. some people in Britain love a famous person too muchC. they must go to the hospitalD. famous people can pay them a lot of money2. How many people in Britain have got this kind of disease?A. About one third.B. About a quarter.C. More than half.D. Just two or three.3. What does the writer think of the two ways of worshipping famous people?A. Neither of them is good.B. Both of them are good.C. The first one is better.D. The second one is better.4. People who have strong feelings for a famous person often feel worried because.A. they cannot become famous themselvesB. they think the famous person may be in troubleC. they are afraid the famous person may not like themD. they can get something in return from the famous person5. The passage tells us .A. we mustn，t worship anybodyB. worshipping of famous people is a good thingC. famous people are not always friendly to usD. anything overdone may bring some trouble4. Micheal was a good boy. He was hard-working but shy, so he had no friends at school. James was a new student in his class. Other students soon got on well with him except Micheal.One day, some boys put some money into MicheaT s bag and one of them pretended（假装）to have lost his money. Of course, they found the money in MicheaT s bag at last.Micheal felt it shameful, but he could not say anything about it.Soon his classmates called him a thief and laughed at him at school. His teachers also believed he stole the money and called his parents to the school. Just then, James stood out and helped Micheal make everything clear.From that day on, Micheal and James became g