05+新高考I卷阅读理解ABCD(2023年)真题透析+变式训练.docx

05新高考I卷阅读理解ABCD （2023年）真题透析+变式训练第一部分命题分析+秒选技能第二部分真题评析（真题呈现+全解全析+阅读高频词+长难句回顾）第三部分真题变式练命题分析阅读理解文章体裁可以分为：应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文虽然阅读理解的材料内容千变万化，但考试中的考查方式是有限的，只要能够掌握以下几种主要类型题目 的阅读技巧，那么阅读理解拿高分，甚至拿满分就是可以做到的了。阅读理解题的速选技能，需要结合下面几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题。 近三年高考阅读理解题，细节题占有较大比例，难度一般不大，答案大都可以从文章中直接找到依据；推 理判断题呈不断上升的趋势，且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查 考生对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加；主旨题的考查占有十分重要的位置，一般针对某 一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题或目的设题，这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大 意等；词义题所要求的词或词组往往是熟词新意，有的是中学课本中没出现过的，仅考查词或短语在该篇 短文中的含义；观点态度题也在高考中有所体现。秒选技能词汇层面巧跨生词障碍：在阅读过程中，对于无关紧要的词汇要学着“跳过去' 比如人名、地名、组织名等。对影响阅读质量、 影响解题的关键生词要“猜出来，句意层面巧破长难句型对于阅读中设题处的长难句要学会分析。分析长难句的核心技法是根据五种基本句式摘出句子主干 主谓（宾），特别注意：1 .一个句子有且只有一个谓语，如果一个句子有了两个或两个以上的谓语，则必有连词或从句的出现;2 .去除所有修饰成分，包括介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等；3 ,充分利用并列成分。语篇层面熟悉体裁特点不同类型的语篇有不同的（命题）特点。考虑语篇，要考虑语篇的体裁、发展线索、框架结构、语篇的立 论句等。我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理厂可推知，第一部分的最 后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。31.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.（你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱,旨 在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式）“可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用 第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。阅读高频词1 .detailed adj,详细的；2 .exploration n探讨，研究；work v奏效，起作用；3 .examination n 研究，考察；4.increasingly adv 越来越多地；1.1 ntolerable adj.无法忍受的；6 .conclude v.学术词结束;7 .optional adj.学术词可选择的；8 .massive adj,大量的；9 .value v.名词动化重视，珍视；10 .runv.熟词生义组织；11 .perform v.执行；12 .participant n.学术词参与者；13 .trapn.陷阱，困境；14 .encounter v.学术词遭遇（尤指问题）;15 .sustainable adj.学术诩可持续的；16 .mindless adj.毫无目标的，无须动脑筋的；17 .practice n 实践，做法；18 . advocate v.学术词提倡;19 .promote v.学术词促进；20 . present v.熟词生义描述；21 .make thecase for为阐明理由；22 .move on to开始做（别的事）；23 .step away from 不靠近，远离；24 . carry out 实施,执行；25 .draw on 利用；26 .be designed to do sth 目的是做某事；27 .act on根据行事；28 .view.as 将看作；29 .be meant to do sth 旨在做某事；30 .be aimed at旨在，目的是；长难句回顾30.1 part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.【句意】在第一部分中，我论述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先探讨了到底是什么样的力量使得许多人 的数字生活越来越难以忍受，然后对数字极简主义生活准则进行详细讨论。【解析】starting with为分词结构作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词forces。2 . At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.【句意】在这三十天结束时.，你可以恢复少量精心挑选的，你认为将对你所珍视的东西大有裨益的线上活 动。【解析】that引导定语从句，修饰先行词online activities; you value为省略了引导词的定语从句,修饰先行 词 the things o3 .Youll hear these participants* stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.【句意】你将了解到这些参与者的故事，知悉哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到了哪些你应当避免的陷 阱。【解析】learn后有两个由what引导的宾语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词tiaps。4 .In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.【句意】在这些章节中，我探讨了独处的重要性，以及培养高质量休闲活动的必要性等问题，以取代现在 大多数人漫无目的地使用电子设备而花费的时间。【解析】most now spend on .为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词the time, most意为“大多数人” （2023年新高考I卷）D篇阅读理解说明文真题呈才阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds“ effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these eiTors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist （转折）on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together.Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people's errors.D. The design of Galton's experiment.33. Navajas9 study found that the average accuracy could increase even if.A. the crowds were relatively smallC. individuals did not communicate34. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B. there were occasional underestimatesD. estimates were not fully independentB. The dominant members.C. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.35. What is the author's attitude toward Navajas9 studies?A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.全解全析【篇章解读】本文是一篇说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况 下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。32 .【答案】B【解析】段落大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.（这种效应利用 了 这样个事实，即当人们犯 错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均 在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错 误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们 的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降）“可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相 同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产 生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。33 .【答案】D【答案】细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be ind印endent.（从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的广和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.（这项研究的关键发现是， 当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。 例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确）”可知，人们 在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下， 准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。34 .【答案】C【答案】推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds?（在项针对 100 名大 学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对 自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗）”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更 好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。 故选Co35 .【答案】D【答案】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.（尽管 Navajas 领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的）“可知，作者认为虽然 Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于 Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。阅读高频词36 illustrate v 说明,阐明；2 .wisdom n 智慧；3 . a verage n 平均数；1.1 ndependent adj.独立的；5 .estimate n.估算；6 .accurate adj.准确 的；7 .average v.名词动化算出的平均数；8 .classic adj.经典的;9.individual n.个人，个体；10 .response n.反应；11 .frequently adv.经常地；12 .reason v.思考，推理；13 .global adj.熟词生义整体的，全面的;14 .potential adj.潜在的；15 .enormous adj.巨大的；16 . in some cases在某些情况下；17 .capitalize on 充分利用；18 .tend to do sth倾向于做某事；19 .cancel out 抵消，对消；20 .result in 导致长难句回顾I .The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.【句意】这项研究的重要发现是，当大的群体被进一步分成更小的群体并允许讨论时，这些群体（估算）的平 均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。【解析】本句主干是个主系表结构：the key finding of the study was that；that引导的表语从句由一个主从复合句构成，其中when引导的条件状语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smaller groups,主句 the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals 中的 those 指代 the averageso真题变式练（应用文，记叙文，说明文限时练）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Passage 1 （应用文）（2023广东梅州统考三模）The Road Trip To TlaxcalaTlaxcala, located in east central Mexico, is well worth visiting. And you're welcome to this wonderful place!Day 1: Pick up a car in Mexico City and drive out over the foothills of Popocatepetl Volcano. Head towardTlaxcala City, stopping on the route to see the amazing murals（壁画）at Cacaxtla, an archaeological site with 1000-year-old ruins. After entering Tlaxcala's historic center, you can walk over to the Catedral de Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion to see its carved wooden ceiling in the Spanish Mudejar style.Day 2: After breakfast, drive east to Contla, a village known for cloth. From Contla, drive southeast toHuamantla. The town's central square is an ideal place to catch a quick snack of ice cream. Continue south toIxtenco, a traditional Otomi community, for lunch in the kitchen of the Baltazar family. After lunch, drive north to the 17th-century Hacienda Tenexac, in Terrenate, where you'll spend a peaceful night.Day 3: Following a great breakfast prepared by Tenexac's chef, Paz Yano Breton, join her for a tour of the residential quarters, which are crowded with amazing furniture collected over the past 200 years. Then head west to the industrial city of Apizaco. After lunch, a short drive north takes you into open fields.Day 4: Wake at dawn for a 40-minute hike to the top of a hill behind the retreat. As the sun rises, you'll enjoy a great view. After checking out, your next stop should be the town of Tlaxco for breakfast. From Tlaxco, head west through the Llanos de Apan, an agricultural region. And then stop for lunch at Xoletongo, and after lunch, head back to Mexico City.1.What will visitors do on Day 1 ?A.Visit 2000-year-old ruins.B.Appreciate special architecture.C.Enjoy amazing murals in Tlaxcala.D.Travel around the city center by car.2.A.Material.B. Agriculture.C.Ice cream.D. Archaeology.What is Contla famous for?3.Where can visitors enjoy the wonderful sunrise?A.In Terrenate.B. In Tlaxco.C.In Apizaco.D. In Xoletongo【篇章导读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了去墨西哥的城市特拉斯卡拉旅游的日程安排。1 .【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的"After entering Tlaxcala's historic center, you can walk over to the Catedral de Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion to see its carved wooden ceiling in the Spanish Mudejar style.（进入特拉斯卡拉的历史中心后，你可以走到大教堂Asunci6n去看西班牙Mudejar建筑风格的雕刻木天花板。户可知，第 天游客可以去大教堂参观西班牙Mudejar建筑风格的雕刻木天花板，也就是可以参观特殊的建筑。故选B 项。2 .【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After breakfast, drive east to Contla, a village known for cloth.（早餐后， 驱车向东前往Contla, 一个以布料闻名的村庄。厂可知，Contla是一个以布料闻名的村庄。故选A项。3 .【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Then head west to the industrial city of Apizaco. After lunch, a short drive north takes you into open fields.（然后向西前往工业城市Apizacoo午饭后，向北开一小段车就到了开阔的田 野。）”以及第五段中的"Wake at dawn for a 40-minute hike to the top of a hill behind the retreat. As the sun rises, you'llenjoy agreat view.（黎明时分醒来，徒步40分钟到达度假村后面的山顶。当太阳升起时，你会欣赏到 美丽的景色。户可知，向西前往Apizaco,午饭后，可以开车到开阔的田野，黎明时分徒步到达山顶，太阳 升起的时候可以欣赏到美丽的景色，也就是说在Apizaco可以欣赏到美妙的日出。故选C项。Passage 2（应用文）（2023湖南娄底统考模拟预测）Artwork Contest-Create a Character!Are you an artist? Do you love testing your creative abilities? This may be the perfect contest for you! For this contest,we want you to create your own character. You must create a backstory for the character and give it a name make sure to leave these in the author's notes section of your submission!Your character must be completely original. Any character that is not created from your own idea and work will not be considered for the contest.Rules:You must be a teen （aged 13-19） with a Teen Ink account to enter.No inappropriate content.Submissions must relate to the topic （Create a Character）.Guidelines and Details:All art mediums are accepted.There is no limit to the number of pieces you can submit.Give your character a name and backstory. Leave these in the “Author's Commentssection of your submission.How to Submit:Submit entries through our website. All entries submitted to Teen Ink are automatically considered for the contest. See our submission guidelines for more information. -Include the wordstcCharacter Contest" in yoursubmission's title.Submit your reviews to the "Artwork“ category on our site. Select the art type that is relevant to what you are submitting.Prizes:Honorable mentions will have their characters published in our magazine.The overall winner will receive a $ 200 Amazon gift card.4. What is the requirement for your submission?A. It must be original work.B. It must be about your own life.C. It must include a story of yourself.D. It must include several characters.5. Which of the following is there a limit to for your submission?A. The form of art.C. The number of pieces submitted.6. What do we know about Teen Ink?A. Ifs a magazine.C. It's an art school.B , The age of a participant.D. The name given to your character.B. Ifs an art club.D. It's a student organization.【篇章导读】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍一场艺术作品比赛的具体情况和要求。4 .【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Your character must be completely original.（你的角色必须是完全原仓4的。厂 可知，比赛要求作品创作的角色必须是完全原创的。故选A。5 .【答案】B