2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷英语真题（含听力）试题及答案.docx

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标全国I卷）英语学科本试卷共12页。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生 信息条形码粘贴区。2 .选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3 .请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草 稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4 .作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5 .保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分 听力（120小题）在笔试结束后进行。（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读 一遍。例:How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B.£9.18. C. £9.15.答案是C。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will Jack probably do this weekend?A. Go camping.B. Visit a friend.C. Watch a film.【答案】C【解析】【原文】 W: Jack, are you going camping with your friends this weekend?M: It depends. If it's sunny, we'll go.W: The weatherman says it's going to rain.M: In that case, we'll go to the cinema instead.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Take care of her bags.like facility that treated sewage （污水）from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.（这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类 似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部 城市福州的运河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。 根据最后段 “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.（你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。 然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式）”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。CThe goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right fbr you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.In the final chapter of part one, ril guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants5 stories and learn what strategies worked well fbr them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate （培养）a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude （独处）and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.28. What is the book aimed at?A. Teaching critical thinking skills.C. Solving philosophical problems.B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.D. Promoting the use of a digital device.29. What does the underlined word “declutter“ in paragraph 3 mean?A. Clear-up.B. Add-on.C. Check-in.D. Take-over.30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?A. Theoretical models.B. Statistical methods.C. Practical examples.D. Historical analyses.31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?A. Use them as needed.B. Recommend them to friends.C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.【答案】28.B29. A 30. C 31. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。 【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide ifs right for you.（这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后 如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学）”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选 Bo【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词下文 “This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.（这个过程要求你在 30 天内远离可选的在线活 动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活 动）”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第四段 u In the final ch 叩 ter of part one, Til guide you through carrying out your own digital deckitte匚 In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutte”在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将 借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理）”可推知，第一部分的最后 一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段 “You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.（你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮 助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式）”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第 二部分中提及的实践。故选A。DOn March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist （转折）on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together'： Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B.The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people's errors.D.The design of Galton's experiment.33. Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if.A. the crowds were relatively smallB.there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicateD.estimates were not fully independent34. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.35. What is the author's attitude toward Navajas, studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.【答案】32.B33. D 34. C 35. D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了 “群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量 独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段内容 “This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.（这种效应利|用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这 些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它 们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵 消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关 或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降）”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均 在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预 测。因此本段主要解释了 “群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的 “In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.（从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的）”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.（这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允 许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组 的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确）”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分 成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的 “In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds?（在一项针对 100 名大学生的后续研究 中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有 信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗）”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组 成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容 u Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.（尽管 Navajas 领导的研究有局 限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的）”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研 究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示 一定的赞许和支持。故选D。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）项。Personal ForgivenessTaking responsibility fbr mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err （犯错）is human. 36 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading "Personal strengths?537 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this ifs a great way to boost sell-confidence at any time.It's something of a cliche （陈词滥调）that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. 40 We' re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E. It doesn't mean you have to ignore whafs happened or forget it.F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.【答案】36. D 37. B 38. F 39. C 40. G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过 列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。【36题详解】根据空前内容 “Taking responsibility fbr mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err （犯错）is human.（为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过）”可知，作者认为人都会 犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.（你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点）”中的“do this”以及下文内 容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D "It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.（宽恕自己也同样重要）”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。【37题详解】根据空前内容 “In ajoumal or on a piece of paper, put the heading "Personal strengths.（在日记或纸上写上“个 人优点“以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.（你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你 慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的 方面就行）”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.（现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点）”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选 Bo【38题详解】根据上文内容 “At the top of a second page, put the heading "Acts of kindness.On this one, list all the positive things you've done fbr others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.（在第二页的顶部， 写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业 的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候）”可知，本段 主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F uWhatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.（不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来）”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事 情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。【39题详解】根据空后内容 “That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality thatshine through.（这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们 个性中闪光的方面）”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项 C “They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.（他们甚至可能想试一试做练习）”符合语境，C 项 中的 “they” 与空前的 “You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.（你可以让朋友或家人 帮你增加你的列表内容。）”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don比 wait until you've made a mistake to try this it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.（事实上,彳：要 等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个一一这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法）”中的“this” 一致。故选C。【40题详解】根据空前内容 “It's something of a cliche （陈词滥调）that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, ifs true.（大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词