2023北京海淀高三（上）期末英语试卷含答案.pdf
2023北 京 海 淀 高 三（上）期 末 英 语 本 试 卷 共 10页，100分。考 试 时 长 90分 钟。考 生 务 必 将 答 案 答 在 答 题 纸 上，在 试 卷 上 作 答 无 效。考 试 结 束 后，将 本 试 卷 和 答 题 纸 一 并 交 回。第 一 部 分：知 识 运 用（共 两 节，30分）第 一 节（共 10小 题 海 小 题 1.5分，共 15分）阅 读 下 面 短 文，掌 握 其 大 意，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中，选 出 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 纸 上 将 该 项 涂 黑。Weve all heard the saying Laughter is the best medicine.And there might be something in this idiom.Numerous studies have shown that people who report greater tend to have better medical outcomes.For instance a 2017 study at the University of Nottingham tested the effect of mood on 138 retirees 2the normal flu injection.Those who felt happy on the day of the vaccination went on to 3 more flu-fightingantibodies.Earlier work at Yale University and the University of Florida has also shown that peoples mood affectsthe activation of genes that fight disease.But does happiness lead to good 4.or is it the other way around?After all,it could be that people whohave strong immune systems 5 have higher levels of other mood-improving brain chemicals as well.Here is a possible evolutionary 6.Humans evolved as social creatures that cooperate in groups to7 food and protect themselves from wild animals.We were happier with a（n）8 network of friends andfamily because this improved our chances of survival.But closely socializing groups are also breeding grounds forrespiratory（呼 吸 的）9 such as flu and colds,so we would have needed to increase the activity of the genesthat fight these diseases.For those who were 10 from society,however,infectious disease was less of a problem,and genes thathelp recover from physical injury may have been prioritized instead of the ones that fight disease.1.A.success B.confidence C.happiness D.determination2.A.avoiding B.receiving C.missing D.organizing3.A.produce B.repair C.detect D.absorb4.A.health B.mood C.relationship D.performance5.A.gradually B.naturally C.randomly D.rarely6.A.solution B.prediction C.application D.explanation7.A.consume B.serve C.secure D.purchase8.A.fixed B.enormous C.complicated D.close9.A.functions B.infections C.activities D.systems10.A.cut off B.taken over C.picked out D.made up第 二 节（共 10小 题;每 小 题 1.5分，共 15分）A阅 读 下 列 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空。在 未 给 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 1个 恰 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。After earning a masters degree in 2016,Huang Wenxiu returned to Baise,her hometown,instead of seeking acareer in Beijing.I come from 1 1 remote mountainous village.Quite a number of folks 12(struggle)with poverty there,so all I wish is to do my part to improve their lives/5 she once said.Huang volunteeredto join the grassroots poverty alleviation(扶 贫)effort.She invited experts to tell the villagers 13 they couldimprove production.She persuaded the villagers to expand the planting area and encouraged e-commerce sales.418people from 88 households were lifted out of poverty thanks to her efforts.B阅 读 下 列 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空。在 未 给 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 1个 恰 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。Governments at all levels have made continuous efforts to reduce the financial burden on house renters,especially those 14 are new college graduates.A report by the Meadin Academy says that collegegraduates 5(survey)prefer to live in apartments near the companies or railway stations to facilitate theircommute(通 勤).As to house rents,most college graduates still need 16(assistant)from their parents andonly about 20 percent of them pay the rent themselves.17(help)lower the financial burdens of youngpeople,many governments and companies have given their support in house rentals.C阅 读 下 列 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空。在 未 给 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 1个 恰 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。With the popularity of cycling,many cities have combined their tourism characteristics to launch themed routes.From indoor exhibitions 18 outdoor concerts and night cycling along the South Central Axis(轴),a seriesof activities 19(introduce)next month so that urban residents can enjoy themselves.An official of theChina Tourism Academy said,As mass tourism grows in popularity,only high-quality outdoor tourism products canattract visitors and the integration of micro-vacation products with outdoor sports products 20(have)abroad space for development.第 二 部 分：阅 读 理 解(共 两 节，38分)第 一 节(共 14小 题;每 小 题 2分，共 28分)阅 读 下 列 短 文，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中，选 出 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 纸 上 将 该 项 涂 黑。ABest Gifts for Every Type of MomDo you want to reward Mom with New Year gifts?Millions of products are offered online,but dont get scaredaway.We have done the work for you by selecting best gift ideas for every type of mom.Just click“Add to carf,toshower Mom with love.Dainty Earrings-Best for the Jewelry LoverMade from sterling silver,the earrings are lightweight and perfect for everyday wear.Theyre also ideal foranyone with sensitive ears.Among the 8,000 plus five-star reviewers,April Farmer confirm:this,saying,4 4Just aboutevery material irritates（喇 J 激）my ears,but I have had these in for three months now-and no irritation,no colorchanging,or fading of silver.I cant even tell they are in!”KS Lunch Bag-Best for the Working MomThis in-disguise cooler bag will put a smile on moms face during lunch hour.With thousands of five-starreviewers,the fashionable and functional KS bag has an insulated lining（隔 热 的 内 衬）that helps keep food andbeverages fresh,and an inside pocket that holds utensils.Plus,the soft,lightweight design makes it easy to bringanywhere.Breville Express-Best for the Coffee LoverTalk about a morning boost!If Mom is a true coffee lover,shes dreamed of owning a high-end espresso machine.Now you can make that dream a reality.The Breville Express,which has more than 14,000 five-star reviews,comesin either black or stainless steel surfaces and offers the same dose-controlled grinding（研 磨）thats normally reservedfor fancy coffee shops.Beckham Pillows-Best for the One Who Needs a Good Nighfs SleepShe deserves a peaceful nights rest after all the hard work she does every day,and shell get just that with theseBeckham pillows.The set of two affordable cooling gel pillows is ideal for back,stomach and side sleepers.It offersmuch-needed temperature regulation that will keep her more comfortable than ever.Ifs a best seller with more than126,000 five-star reviews,so its pretty much a hit.21.April Farmers review indicates that the Dainty Earrings a r e.A.durable and fancyC.stylish and valuable22.From the passage,we can know t h a t.A.Dainty Earrings are best for formal occasionsB.KS Lunch Bag is silver,portable and insulatedC.Breville Express features fine and quick grindingD.Beckham Pillows suit different sleeping positions23.Who is the passage intended for?A.Agencies selling products to moms.B.People seeking gifts for their moms.C.Moms planning to reward themselves.D.Salesmen studying moms preferences.B.simple and uniqueD.light and skin-friendlyBIts the green wall of her school swimming pool that Jill Craven remembers best,as she felt her teachers handon her head,guiding her underwater.You know how time slows?Going under.Watching.”she says.This was in Palmerston North,when she was five.While her three older siblings could swim half a mile or more,she would do anything to avoid swimming lessons.In her 20s,she moved to London to pursue a career in journalism.She insisted she had never feared for her career,but she still had this lifelong fear of being underwater.However,when she retired,Craven was diagnosed with breast cancer,and was advised to swim as part of herrecovery.Still finding the fear undefeatable,she took up water jogging instead-like treading water（踩 水），butmoving-with a floatation aid around her middle.She could get her feet of the bottom of the pool for a quick doggypaddle,but anything more was beyond her.One day at the pool,she saw a group of children having a lesson.It was an indoor pool,nice and warm,and thechildren were five or six.I just thought,ifs time to do this,“she says.Who knows what I looked like.An eggbeater,she continues.did five strokes,or six.I was so proud of myself,.Then a lifeguard encouraged her tocontinue and told her how to breathe.A friend gave her goggles.Her niece Justine walked beside the pool clapping,and Craven felt as if she had won a gold medal.Justine bought Craven lessons for her 69th birthday.Before long,Craven had swum a length with her face in the water.When her instructor told her to sit on the bottom of the pool,Craven felt like going back to being a five-year-old.She hung on to the stairs as she went down.But she did it!She stayed there for a few seconds!Now Craven swims twice a week:five lengths,sometimes 10,with a rest after each.I just think you need todo things if you can.If you can,you must.she says.24.Why did Craven choose water jogging instead of swimming?A.She hated losing face.B.She liked treading water.C.She was afraid to swim.D.She was fond of floating.25.What inspired Craven to try swimming again?A.The sight of kids learning swimming.B.The support of her niece Justine.C.The encouragement from a lifeguard.D.The doctors advice on her recovery.26.What is the passage trying to tell us?A.Once bitten,twice shy.B.You can never teach an old dog new tricks.C.Practice makes perfect.D.Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.CA new study has found human feelings can accurately be expressed numerically and have more predictive powerfor how we behave than formal studies of socioeconomic factors like household income and employment status.The study co-author Andrew Oswald,a professor of economics and behavioral science gathered informationfrom nearly 700,000 people,who were asked annually over a three-decade period how they felt on a numerical scaleabout their job,spouse,health and home.Using the data collected,researchers constructed statistical models to showhow people felt and the actions they took as a result of their reported feelings.The study found that ratings of lifesatisfaction had a direct linear（线 性 的）relationship to actions people subsequently take.Participants who rated theirjob satisfaction as a 2 out of 7 had a 25%probability of quitting their job.Those who rated a 6 out of 7 had only a 10percent probability of quitting.The same was true across other measures like marriage,health and housing.Previous research has also shown data about feelings predict human outcomes,but not in such a linear fashion;the degree of satisfaction served as a good predictor of future actions.Additionally,economists have previously beencritical of feelings data because they considered them unscientific and unreliable.But this study shows socioeconomicfactors have a lesser probability of predicting human behavior than data on feelings.Though the study shows numbers can quantify feelings,researchers are still a bit confused as to why estimatesof seemingly subjective feelings can be such good predictors of future actions.According to Oswald,a number offactors could be at play.Humans are very experienced in comparative thinking and are able to scale their own lifesatisfaction against that of their neighbors.Were also accustomed to using measuring devices for other aspects oflife like temperature,distance and weight,so it shouldnt be too surprising that were able to measure our feelings ina similarly accurate way.Another study co-author Caspar Kaiser says that it may also be because we communicateour feelings and do it in a scaled fashion every day.This could be why it comes out in the data more accurately thanin objective markers.Ori Heffetz,an economics professor who was not involved in the study,says that this research shows feelingsdata shouldnt be underestimated even if theyre more difficult to study.Scientists who ignore this do so at their ownrisk,he says.Looking ahead,Kaiser hopes this same data can be studied in lower-income countries so that it can be applieduniversally to places with varied levels of economic development.But more than anything else hes interested instudying why feelings work so well.27.Paragraph 2 is mainly a b o u t.A.research process and findingsB.research topic and significanceC.research subjects and purposeD.research data collection and analysis28.What can we know about the study?A.It also applies to people from lower-income countries.B.It challenges the opinion that feelings data are unreliable.C.It explains why ratings of feelings can foresee future actions.D.It first shows data about feelings can predict human behavior29.What is Oris attitude towards the study?A.Neutral.B.Skeptical.C.Supportive.D.Cautious.30.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.How You Rate Your Life Predicts Your Future BehaviorB.Feelings Forecast Actions Better than Economic FactorsC.Why Your Feelings Affect Your Future ActionsD.Ranking Every Aspect of Your Life CountsDPeople who think of themselves as tough-minded and realistic tend to take it for granted that human nature isselfish and that life is a struggle in which only the fittest may survive.According to this philosophy,the basic law bywhich people must live,is the law of the jungle.The“fittest“are those who can bring to the struggle superior force,superior cunning and superior ruthlessness.But we are entitled to ask whether the ruthlessness of the tiger,the cunning of the fox and the obedience to thelaw of the jungle are,in their human applications,actually evidence of human fitness to survive.If human beings areto pick up pointers on behavior from the lower animals,are there not animals other than beasts of prey from whichwe might learn lessons in survival?We might,for example,look to the rabbit or the deer and define fitness to survive as superior speed in runningaway from our enemies.We might point to the earthworm or the mole and attribute their fitness to survive to theability to keep out of sight and out of the way.If we simply look to animals in order to define what we mean by“fitness to survive,there is no limit to the subhuman systems of behavior that we can think up.We may emulate anyanimal because they have all obviously survived in one way or another.We are still entitled to ask,however,if humansurvival does not revolve around a different kind of fitness from that of the lower animals.Biologists distinguish between two kinds of struggle for survival.First,there is the interspecific struggle,warfarebetween different species of animals.Second,there is the intraspecific struggle,warfare among members of a singlespecies.A great deal of evidence in modern biology indicates that those species that have developed elaborate meansof intraspecific competition often make themselves unfit for interspecific competition,and that strength andfierceness in fighting and killing other animals,whether in interspecific or intraspecific competition,have never beenenough in themselves to guarantee the survival of a species.If we are going to talk about human survival,one of the first things to do,even if we grant that people must fightto live,is to distinguish between those qualities that are useful in fighting the environment and oth
