2023年上海市高考英语模拟试卷试题四（含答案）.pdf

2023年 全 国 普 通 高 等 学 校 招 生 统 一 考 试 上 海 高 考 英 语 模 拟 试 卷 I.Listening comprehension略 IL Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherentand grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with theproper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Diane Van DerenOn February 19,2009,Diane Van Deren was one of a dozen runners taking part in theYukon Arctic Ultra,a 400-mile race across frozen tundra(苔 原)in the middle of winter.Not asingle woman(2 1)(complete)it ever.With temperatures of 30 degrees belowzero and only seven hours of daylight each day,it*s probably the(2 2)(tough)race in the world.But,then,there is no woman like Diane Van Deren.Twelve years earlier,Van Deren,a former professional tennis player,had a kiwi-sizepiece of(r e m o v e)t o treat her epilepsy(癫 痫).The operation was successful,but shenoticed a strange side effect:she could run without stopping for hours.At the start of the Arctic Ultra,icy winds frozen Van Deren5s water supplies,so shehad(2 4)to drink for the first hundred miles.She kept(2 5)(go)onwith frozen fruit and nut bars.On the eleventh day,the ice(2 6)her feet crackedopen and Van Deren fell up to her shoulders into a freezing river.She managed(27)(climb)out but her soaked boots froze to her feet.Yet somehow through it all,Van Deren remained positive,(2 8)was perhapshelped by another curious byproduct of her operation.nI have a problem with(29)is called short-term memory.I could be out running for two weeks,but(30)someone told me it was day one of a race/She jokes,“Fd say,Great,lets getstarted!,9On February 26,2009,exactly twelve years after her surgery,Van Deren crossed the finishline of the Arctic Ultra.She was one of eight finishers 一 and the first and only woman.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word canonly be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.agreements B.chatteringC.efforts D.feasibly E.fulfillment F.hardG.introduced H.morality I.persuaded J.seized K.spoiledHeres to guilt-free flyingMaj a Rosen gave up flying a decade ago out of concern for its environmental impact.But when she became a mother and started hanging out with other parents,she didnt bring itup,even when the conversation turned to flying.It would have 31 the mood.Then in April 2018,her home country of Sw eden 32 a tax on aviation（飞 行）.The climate impacts of flying were on the evening news and the mood changed.Rosen 3 3 the moment.With her neighbor Lotta Hammar,she launched acampaign called We stay on the ground”，which has 34 10,000 people to committo avoid flights in 2019.Kudos.But here*s th e 35 truth:in the grand scheme of things,barely anyonewill follow suit.T h e 36 classes tend to have a lot to say about the eco benefits ofavoiding meat,cycling and eating locally sourced food.But th a t 37 generallydisappears when it comes to flying.We can*t rely on international_ 3 8 to stop aviation emission either.Yes,the UNhas fixed up a deal to cap aviation emissions beyond 2020.But it lacks real bite,allowingairlines to continue emitting carbon provided they offset（抵 消）it.All this means we could really do with green tech riding to the rescue.Here,at least,thereis a little good news.Even rather simple measures like freeing planes to fly in straighter linescould 39 cut carbon emissions.Hybrid（混 合 动 力 的）electric aircraft are also thepipeline.And we already know that planes can mix up to 50 per cent biofuels into their tanksand fly safely.Ifs time to redouble our 40 to make planes green.In the meantime,if youare still looking for a New Years resolution,you might want to think about joining those105000 Swedes.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In summarising the state of the planet一 rising population,widespread conflict,one-sixthof the planet suffering extreme poverty and hunger,global warming 一 Jeffrey Sachs,authorof The Common Wealth can paint a terrible picture.However,hes an 41 andbelieves that all of these problems can be overcome in relatively straightforward ways and atrelatively little cost.Thafs because the root causes are interconnected an d 42man-made.Take child morality（死 亡）.Perhaps surprisingly,the higher the child morality rate is,thehigher the birth rate.This leads to a 43 population which puts a greater stress onalready scarce resources,so farmers have to work harder to produce enough food for all,which means children are often put to work in the fields or at home.T h i s,4 4,stops children getting the education which will allow them to learn,among other things,aboutbetter farming techniques to increase crop yields and provide more food to eat and sell.Sachsargues that the 45 of providing every child in poverty with an anti-mosquito bednet is a major first step.Malaria（疟 疾）is a huge cause of death in children and the bed netsmassively 46 infections.The fewer children that die of malaria,the more secureparents feel about their children surviving.The more secure parents feel,the fewer childrenthey have,and so on,revising the 4 7 _ trend just described.However,it is 4 8 a combination of measures at the same time that trulymakes a difference:free school meals improve school attendance and health;supplyingfertilisers to improve soil and better seeds provides even better harvests;basic health care andclean water supplies 49 more fatal diseases.These ideas are already being 50 implemented in over 100 African villagesin underdeveloped regions.The cost of the proj ect is just$10 per person per year,of which50%comes from donors and the rest from a mixture of local and national governments andthe villagers themselves.So if ifs so 5 1,why hasnt it been done before?What about all the aid thathas been given to Africa and the underdeveloped countries of the world?Has it been lost tocorruption（腐 败）？Sachs argues that the real problem is not corruption,but the fact that richgovernments have 52 such a lot,but actually given so little.They agreed to give0.7%of national income in aid,but only five countries have met that 5 3.Hesuggests current aid is$24 billion per year,which translates as just ten dollars perperson一 not nearly enough to implement the 54 measures.So while Sachs sees an opportunity to end poverty forever,he also raises an55 that this could be the last chance we have,The longer we wait,the greater isthe suffering and the larger the long-term costs?41.A.economist B.optimist C.expert D.opponent42.A.prospectively B.essentially C.thoughtfully D.refreshingly43.A.declining B.global C.booming D.local44.A.in turn B.by contrast C.on end D.with care45.A.truth B.principle C.solution D.statement46.A.transmit B.specify C.worsen D.reduce47.A.downward B.general C.modem D.previous48.A.describing B.reserving C.adopting D.protesting49.A.modify B.intensify C.prevent D.locate50.A.successfully B.hesitantly C.personally D.worthlessly51.A.popular B.simple C.hard D.strange52.A.spent B.promised C.learned D.featured53.A.requirement B.condition C.challenge D.target54.A.restricted B.standardized C.requested D.combined55.A.alarm B.objection C.amount D.instanceSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questionsor unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have justread.(A)Im in Marrakech,the heart of Morocco at the base of the Atlas Mountains,with my son,Sam.Hes eight.Weve come here with Mohamed,a friend who owns a store in our New Yorkneighborhood.W e*re regular customers at Mohamed*s store,where Sam can often be foundnegotiating with his friend.When theyYe not bargaining,theyYe chatting about swords,orcamels,or the desert.nYou need to come to Marrakech/Mohamed told me.Pll show youaround and teach Sam how to really get a bargain!”So here we are.We meet up with Mohamed over a cup of tea at a table outside the tiny Cafe ben Youssefdeep in the old city of Marrakech.W eYe sitting in an area bordering the stalls of themarketplace.Vendors(|、贩)with carts offer freshly squeezed orange juice,others sell dates orfigs.Nearby are the workshops that supply the goods to this world-famous market.Later,as we walk around,Mohamed begins the first of his bargaining tutorials for Sam.Everything in Morocco is open to negotiation,Sam.When you hear a price,the first thingyou say is Too much 一 bezqf and then walk away.”“But what if I like it?n“When you see something you like,maybe a lamp,you ask about something else instead.Then,as you walk out,you ask,nAnd how much is that lamp?9 as though you5d just noticedit and arent really that interested in it.”We turn a comer and are greeted with sweet-smelling orange blossoms.Dont alwaysgive an offer.Make them continue to lower the price.Oh,and wear something Moroccan：Mohamed continues,as we enter a fairly large shop.Most of the stalls in Marrakechspecialize in one thing,but not this one.Decorative and lethal-looking swords hang besidesoft hand-dyed fabrics;large camel bones covered in writing sit beside massive copper lamps.It is here that Sam spots a box.Look,a treasure chest!”Ifs made of wood,and painted redand gold.He opens the lid,then closes it.Cool.Then he spots a tall,cobalt blue,tear-shapedold perfume bottle.nFour hundred dirham,9 the shopkeeper pronounces.Fifty dollars.Samsays nothing.Whether he*s too shy or is practicing Mohameds bargaining technique,I canttell.He eventually agrees to pay 200 dirham,about$24.rd say the bottle is worth$10,at most.Clearly,his negotiating skills need a little work.nJust to get started,D ad,Sam measures meas he pays fbr the bottle.56.According to Mohamed,people in Marrakech l i k e.A上 argaining B.tradingC.drinking tea D.showing friends around57.What does Mohamed advise Sam to do when he finds something he likes?A.To look fbr something similar in another shop.B.To complain to the vendor about its high price.C.To conceal his real preference from the vendor.D.To ask the vendor about the price as soon as possible.58.What does the writer imply about Sams first negotiating experience?A.It is far from successful.B.It costs Sam more than the money he pays.C.It reveals Sams potential in negotiation.D.It shows that Sam is too shy fbr negotiation.59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.A Shopping Trip.B.The Charm of the MarketC.A Busy City.D.The Art of the Deal(B)The Man Who Ate his Boots is a fascinating account of expeditions that went wrong.Thebook examines the 19th century search for a route to Asia by way of the Northwest Passagethrough the Arctic Ocean.Author Anthony Brandt describes the many attempts by both landand sea that ended in failure and tragedy,including the 1845 expedition led by Sir JohnFranklin.Brandt shows how these brave,yet sometimes foolish,explorers could have avoidedstarvation,frostbite,and even death if they had copied the survival techniques of the localInuit people.Some of the more surprising details the book reveals include:IGLOOS The explorers,despite repeatedly watching the Inuit build igloos,insisted onusing canvas tents.Tents freeze in sub-zero temperatures and give little protection to anyoneinside them.If they had learned to build igloos,the explorers would have been warm even inthe worst Arctic weather.SEALSKIN If the explorers had worn sealskin and furs like the Inuit,they wouldnt havesuffered from the frostbite that was common among them,but rare among the Inuit.DOG TEAMS Why didn*t the British use dog teams to pull their sleds?Pulling sledsthemselves was a tradition among many explorers right into the early 20th century It costScott and his men their lives on their return from the South Pole in 1912.The British did get something right,however,when Captain Edward Parry grew saladvegetables in boxes on board his ship.It was known that fresh vegetables and fresh meatprevented scurvy(坏 血 病)，although at that time the reason for this(vitamin C)had not beendiscovered.Parrys men wouldnt have been as healthy if they hadnt eaten the salads.6O.In The Man Who Ate his Boots5 the author m a i n l y.A.introduces some foolish explorersB.focuses on some unsuccessful expeditionsC.analyzes the Inuit peoples survival techniquesD.explores the advances in equipment used for expeditions61.According to Anthony Brandt,what should the explorers have done?A.They should have learned more about how seals survived in cold water.B.They should have set up more canvas tents to keep themselves warm.C.They should have helped the Inuit people build igloos.D.They should have used dogs to pull the sleds for them.62.It can be inferred from the passage t h a t.A.Edward Parry found a way to prevent scurvy by accidentB.Edward Parry*s successful voyage was a rare case at that timeC.Edward Parry was the first captain that grew salad vegetables on boardD.Edward Parrys men could have been more healthy if they took vitamin C(C)Everything we know suggests that the universe is unusual.It is flatter,smoother,largerand emptier than a typical”universe predicted by the known laws of physics if we reachedinto a hat filled with pieces of paper,each with the specifications of a possible universewritten on it,it is unlikely that we would get a universe anything like ours in one pick oreven a billion.The challenge that cosmologists face is to make sense of this specialness.One approachto this question is inflationthe hypothesis（假 设）that the early universe went through a stageof fast expansion.At first,inflation seemed to do the trick.A simple version of the idea gavecorrect predictions for the spectrum of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background.But a closer look shows that we have just moved the problem further back in time.Tomake inflation happen at all requires us to fine-tune the initial conditions of the universe.Andunless inflation is highly tuned,it leads to a runaway process of universe creation.As a result,some cosmologists（宇 宙 学 家）suggest that there is not one universe,but an infinite number,with a huge variety of properties:the multiverse.There are an infinite number of universes inthe collection that are like our universe and an infinite number that are not.But the proportionof infinity to infinity is undefined,and can be made into anything the theorist wants.Thus themultiverse theory has difficulty making any firm predictions and threatens to take us out ofthe area of science.These other universes are unobservable and because chance dictates the randomdistribution of properties across universes,suggesting the existence of a multiverse does notlet us get to anything about our universe beyond what we already know.As attractive as theidea may seem,it is basically a sleight of hand,which turns an explanatory failure into anapparent exp