2022-2023学年上海市向明中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

第一学期向明中学期中考试高三年级英语试卷（考试时间：120分钟，满分150分）L Listening Comprehension （25%,第 1-10 题，每题 1 分;第 11-20 题，每题 1.5 分）Part A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. This afternoon. B. This morning. C. Tomorrow. D. Next week.2. A. A waiter. B. A shop assistant. C. A cashier. D. A postman.3. A. 11. B. 3. C. 7. D. 8.4. A. At a cinema. B. At an airport. C. At a hotel. D. At a railway station.5. A. They had better not go out. B. To get some yogurt is a good idea.C. Ifs too cold to walk in the snow. D. He prefers milk to yogurt.6. A. She asks the man to open the window. B. It is cold inside.C. She doesn't want to open the window. D. She prefers the fresh air.7. A. Mom doesn't like wine. B. They've already got plenty of wine.C. They are going to buy what they need. D. They've got enough food for the party.8. A. The boy doesn't have to clean the screen of his computer.B. There's not enough time for the boy to clean both.C. The desk is such a mess and needs cleaning.D. The boy's mother will do the cleaning for him.9. A. Touched. B. Amused. C. Annoyed. D. Bored.10. A. They can't speak English. B. The microphone doesn't work well.C. They are not familiar with his topic. D. The speaker is speaking too fast.Part B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and theencourage”可知，激励措施也可能适得其反，因为阻碍了它们本应鼓励的行为。故选A。23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一代人以前,理查德 啼特马斯声称，付钱让人们献血会减少血液供应。A. stimulated 刺激；B. produced 产生；C. enhanced 提高；D. reduced 减少。结合后文 “the number willing to donate by almost half”可知，向献血的妇女提供报酬会使愿意献血的人数减少近一半，说明理查德蒂特马斯声称，付钱让 人们献血会减少血液供应是正确的。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这表明，提特马斯的观点经常是正确的，企业应该加以注意。A. tell apart区分;B. closedown 关闭;C. set aside 留出；D. take note 注意，记笔记。根据上文 “that Titmuss was right so often that businesses should”可知，提特马斯的观点经常是正确的，企业应该加以注意。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：实验经济学家发现，向献血的妇女提供报酬会使愿意献血的人数减少近一半， 而让她们把报酬捐给慈善机构则会逆转这一效果。A. increases增加；B. expands扩大；C.decreases减少； D. counts计算。根据后文“the number willing to donate by almost half”可知，向献血的妇女提供报酬会使愿 意献血的人数减少近一半，故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：实验经济学家发现，向献血的妇女提供报酬会使愿意献血的人数减少近一半， 而让她们把报酬捐给慈善机构则会逆转这一效果。A. reverses逆转；B.strengthens加强；C.creates创造； D. ruins 毁灭。根据后文 urewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire” 可知，让她们把报酬 捐给慈善机构则会逆转这一效果，故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的几十个实验表明，用经济激励来奖励自身利益可能会适得其反，因为它 们破坏了亚当斯密所说的"道德情操A.raise抚养;B. require需要;C.destroy破坏;D.promote促进。 根据上文 rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire” 可知，用经济激励来奖励自身利益可 能会适得其反，因为它们破坏了亚当斯密所说的“道德情操”。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:人们渴望得到他人的尊重，渴望被视为有道德、有尊严的人。A. qualified取得 资格；B. dignified 使高贵；C. satisfied 满足；D. justified 证明。结合上文 “People desire to be respected by others and to be seen as moral and”可知，人们渴望得到他人的尊重，渴望被视为有道德、有尊严的人。故选B。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奖励献血可能会适得其反，因为这表明献血者对无私和乐于助人的兴趣不如 对赚一美元的兴趣。A. more更多的；B. better 更好的；C.much许多的；D. less更少的。根据后文“interested in being selfless and helpful than in making a dollar”指对无私和乐于助人的兴趣不如对赚一美元的兴趣，即不 那么感兴趣，应用less。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当激励机制表明雇主不信任雇员或贪婪时，它也会遇到麻烦。A. greedy贪婪 的；B. generous 慷慨的;C. diligent 勤奋的;D. impersonal 冷淡的。根据上文“employer mistrusts the employee or is”可知，指激励机制表明雇主不信任雇员或贪婪。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对工人的密切监督加上按绩效支付工资是教科书式的经济学也是让员工不 开心的处方。A. employment 雇佣；B. performance 表现;C. spirits 精神；D. job 工作。根据上文“Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for”指根据员工的表现进行按绩效支付工资。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：罚款或公开批评，通过发出社会不赞成的信号，唤起我们的道德情感（想想乱 扔垃圾），可能非常有效。A. fight against反对；B.combine with结合；C.compare to比作;D.appeal to呼吁。 根据后文“our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval（think of littering）can be highly effective”可矢口， 通 过发出社会不赞成的信号，唤起我们的道德情感（想想乱扔垃圾），可能非常有效。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当激励措施冒犯或削弱我们的道德感受力时，就会出问题。A. offend得罪； B. evaluate 估计；C. disagree 不同意；D. process 力口工。根据后文“or cut down our moral sensibilities”指激励措 施冒犯或削弱我们的道德感受力，故选A。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：理想情况下，政策不仅通过控制自身利益，而且通过鼓励公共精神来支持社会 价值目标。A. Luckily 幸运地；B. Virtually 实际上；C. Eventually 终于；D. Ideally 理想地。后文“policies support socially valued ends not only by controlling self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness.'里口政策彳】仅 通过控制自身利益，而且通过鼓励公共精神来支持社会价值目标是一种理想的情况，故选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它在金钱上惩罚违规者，同时传递道德信息。A. significant重要的；B. conscious 意识到的；C. moral 道德的；D. sensible 理智的。根据上文“The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect.（2002 年，爱尔兰对塑料 购物袋征收了一项小规模的税收，最终导致塑料袋几乎被消灭，这似乎产生了这样的效果）”可知，爱尔兰对 塑料购物袋征税这一举措，在金钱上惩罚违规者，同时传递道德信息。故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Many people believe it's possible to become immune to colds. Unfortunately Dr. Ranit Mishori, of Georgetown University Hospital, says, that's not the case. "There are about 200 different viruses that cause the common cold and people think that once you get infected one time you develop immunity for the rest of your life. This is wrong,“ she said.There are many other common beliefs about colds that medical science does not support. How many of us believe the main cause of the common cold is exposure to cold temperatures? Even some studies have shown that people get sick more frequently during the winter. But Dr. Mishori says it is not because of the cold weather. "It's because people tend to congregate and be together and the way the common cold virus is transmitted from one person to another is through handshake, through sneezing, or through coughing on one another.”While there is no actual cure for the common cold, Dr. Mishori says there are still a few things you can do to help reduce its duration and intensity. Though the medical community says Vitamin C does not help prevent colds, there is definitely some proof that it helps keep them from being as bad.In addition, medical science says honey and chicken soup are effective against colds. Especially honey. “Chicken soup has anti-inflammatory properties so it helps reduce the duration of the cold but it also helps clear the mucus”, Dr. Mishori said.There's also a common belief that you should “feed a cold and starve a fever." Dr Mishori say " not necessarily. "If you do have a cold and you don't feel like eating anything it's not going to hurt you but you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or tea anything that gets fluids into your body,“ she said. "That's very important.”There are many other myths about colds that do not pass scientific muster. Doctors say the best advice is to continue using whatever works best for you. Even if it doesn't make the cold better, it won't make it worse either - while you wait for the cold to just run its natural course.36. According to the common belief "feed a cold and starve a fever”, people should when catching cold.A. drink a lot to get fluids into their bodyB. have as much water and tea as possibleC. eat a lot even if they don't feel like eatingD. starve themselves to a certain extent to kill the virus37. Medical experts find that people catch cold because.A. they fail to develop immunityB. they stay in cold weatherC. they transmit the virus themselvesD. they like to gather together38. In the last paragraph, the sentence "There are many other myths about colds that do not pass scientificmuster” means that many other myths regarding coldsA. are not accepted as scientificC. do not draw scientific conclusions39. What is the passage mainly about?A. Ways to reduce duration and intensity of coldC. Effects of different food on overcoming cold【答案】36.C37. C 38. A 39. DB. are not convincing enoughD. are rejected by the public with a common senseB. Scientific discoveries on the basis of mythsD. The old myths and new facts concerning cold【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些关于感冒的常见错误观点以及科学的医学解释。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 “There's also a common belief that you should “feed a cold and starve a fever." Dr Mishori says “not necessarily.” "If you do have a cold and you don't feel like eating anything it's not going to hurt you but you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or tea anything that gets fluids into your body,“ she said. "That's very important.”（还有一种普遍的说法是“感冒宜吃，发烧宜饿"。Mishori博士说，"不一定”。她说：“如果 你真的感冒了，你不想吃任何东西，这不会伤害你，但你必须喝很多水，你可以喝水或茶，任何让液体进 入你的身体的东西。这是非常重要的J ）”可推知，根据“感冒宜吃，发烧宜饿”的普遍观念，人们即使感 冒时不想吃，也应该多吃。故选C。【37题详解】细节理解题o 根据第二段中 “It's because people tend to congregate and be together and the way the common cold virus is transmitted from one person to another is through handshake, through sneezing, or through coughing on one another.（这是因为人们倾向于聚集在一起，普通感冒病毒从一个人传播到另一个人的方式是通过握手、打喷 嚏或彼此咳嗽）”可知，医学专家发现人们感冒是因为他们自己传播病毒。故选C。【38题详解】句意猜测题。根据最后一段 Doctors say the best advice is to continue using whatever works best for you. Even if it doesn't make the cold better, it won't make it worse either - while you wait for the cold to just run its natural course.（医生说，最好的建议是继续使用对你最有效的药物。即使它不能使感冒好转，也不会使它更糟一一 在你等待感冒自然发展的过程中）”可知，“There are many other myths about cold that not pass scientific gather” 这句话的意思是，关于感冒的许多其他神话并不被科学接受。故选A。【39题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中 uThere are many other common beliefs about colds that medical science does not support. How many of us believe the main cause of the common cold is exposure to cold temperatures?(关于感冒还 有许多其他的普遍观点，但医学科学并不支持。我们中有多少人相信普通感冒的主要原因是暴露在寒冷的 温度下？)”结合文章主要说明了一些关于感冒的常见错误观点以及科学的医学解释。可知，这篇文章主要 讲的是关于感冒的旧神话和新事实。故选D。(B)You know it's fun to take in the wine country sights. But have you thought about trying the heights?Whether you're zooming down a zip line or floating through the air in a hot-air balloon, there are quite a few ways to experience the high life in wine country.Here are three options ranging from thrill to chill.1. Up, up in the air: Multicolored hot-air balloons dotting a blue sky are a signature of wine country and you can be part of the picture-postcard scene. Several companies offer balloon flights, including Napa Valley Aloft, which launches from the V Marketplace in Yountville and has two alternate launching places if it's foggy. Be aware this is a bird's-eye view for early birds. Flights launch just after dawn when winds are calmest and temperatures lowest. Prices start at $220 for a ride in a gondola that holds up to 14 people followed by an optional $20 Champagne breakfast. Booking in advance recommended, especially in the high seasons of summer and fall.2. Zip-n-sip: In Paso Robles, the grape-growing area along California's Central Coast that was featured in the popular 2004 buddy movie, “Sideways J Margarita Adventures has zip lines that will have you whizzing over forests, canyons and vineyards. The tour concludes with optional tastings at neighboring Ancient Peaks Winery. Tickets are $109 on weekdays, $119 on weekends and holidays, $89 for youth under 18 at all times. Details at .3. Glide in a gondola: For a brief but lovely time aloft, ride the aerial tram at Sterling Vineyards in Calistoga. You get a smooth ride up a tree-studded hill and are greeted at the top with a glass of wine as you begin a self-guided tour of galleries and overlooks. Finish with a wine and food pairing on the South Terrace which has sweeping views of the Napa Valley. Open Monday-Friday 10:30 a.m.5 p.m., weekends 10 a.m.5 p.m. Admission starts at $29, with additional fees for food pairings, and tickets can be booked through .40. In which column of a magazine can you find the article?A. Geography and People.B. City Beats.C. Food and Entertainment.D. Travel.41. What can you learn from the first option?A. V Marketplace in Yountville is the only spot for the launch of balloon flights.B. Viewing birds is also an important part of the flight.C. Balloon flights will not start until the sun sets.D. Weather plays a critical role in balloon flights.42. Which of the following is True?A. Booking in advance is highly recommended for all of the three options.B. Tickets can be bought through their respective websites.C. Tourists can have choices to taste wine in any of the options.D. There is a special offer for children in all of the three options.【答案】40.D41. D 42. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了葡萄酒之乡观光的三个活动。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段 “Whether you're zooming down a zip line or floating through the air in a hot-air balloon, there are quite a few ways to experience the high life in wine country无论你是在高空滑索上滑翔,还是乘坐热 气球在空中漂浮，都有很多方式可以体验葡萄酒之乡的高级生活）”结合文章主要介绍了葡萄酒之乡观光的 三个活动。可推知，文章选自杂志的“旅游”版面。故选D。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中 u Flights launch just after dawn when winds are calmest and temperatures lowest.（热 气球飞行在黎明后起飞，那时风最平静，温度最低）”可知，天气在热气球飞行中起着关键作用。故选D。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中 u Prices start at $220 for a ride in a gondola that holds up to 14 people followed by an optional $20 Champagne breakfast.（乘坐可容纳14人以热气球吊舱起售价220美元，随后可选择20美元的香 槟早餐）。第五段中 “The tour concludes with optional tastings at neighboring Ancient Peaks Winery.（游览结束 时，您可以在附近的古峰酒庄品尝葡萄酒）”以及第六段中“Finish with a wine and food pairing on the South Terrace which has sweeping views of the Napa Valley.（最后，在南边的露台上享有葡萄酒和食物，这里可以看 到纳帕谷的全景）”可知，C选项“游客可以选择在任何一个选项中品尝葡萄酒正确。故选C。（C）The US Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers （IEEE） recently asked scientists, lawyers, social scientists and other experts to consider some of these ethical dimension. To give two examples: on privacy, as we let more listening devices into our homes, how do we prevent the data they collect falling into the wrong hands through hacking （黑客）or simply being sold between companies without us receiving any money? Another example: mixed reality, including virtual reality, will become pervasive in the next few years. As we move from headsets to what the IEEE committee describes as "more delicate sensory enhancements" we will use technology to live in an illusory world in many aspects of our lives. How do we balance the rights of the individual, control over our virtual identity, and the need to live and interact on a face-to-face basis while being empowered to live rich lives in mixed reality?There is, of course, always a tension between innovation and regulation. But it can often seem that giant steps are taken in technology with minimal public discussion. Take the self-driving car: although it may be safer than human drivers and is likely to save more than a million lives a year worldwide, it will also take jobs from drivers, traffic police, sign-makers, car-repair companies, ca