2023年托福听力模拟试题及答案(卷十).docx

-赵德林作品2023 年托福听力模拟试题及答案卷十In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immensekineticenergywastransformedintoheat,producinga superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, itespecially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history.-赵德林作品The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of thegreattruthsrevealedbythelastfewdecadesofplanetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system.1. The passage mentions which of the following with respect to thefragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9?(A) They were once combine in a larger body.(B) Some of them burned up before entering the atmosphere of Jupiter.(C) Some of them are still orbiting Jupiter.(D) They have an unusual orbit.2. The word “collectively“ in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) respectively(B) popularly(C) also(D) together3. The author compares the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9to all of the following EXCEPT(A) a dismembered body(B) a train(C) a pearl necklace(D) a giant planet4. Before comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit Jupiter in July 1994, scientists(A) had been unaware of its existence(B) had been tracking it for only a few months(C) had observed its breakup into twenty-odd fragments(D) had decided it would not collide with the planet5. Before the comet fragments entered the atmosphere of Jupiter, they were most likely(A) invisible(B) black(C) frozen(D) exploding6. Superheated fireballs were produced as soon as the fragments of comet Shoemaker- Levy 9(A) hit the surface of Jupiter(B) were pulled into Jupiter”s orbit(C) were ejected back through the tunnel(D) entered the atmosphere of Jupiter7. The phrase “incinerated 把。烧成灰 itself“ in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) burned up(B) broke into smaller pieces(C) increased its speed(D) grew in size8. Whichofthefollowingismentionedasevidenceofthe explosions that is still visible on Jupiter?(A) fireballs(B) ice masses(C) black marks(D) tunnels9. Paragraph 2 discusses the impact of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 primarily in terms of(A) its importance as an event of great scientific significance(B) its effect on public awareness of the possibility of damage to Earth(C) the changes it made to the surface of Jupiter(D) the effect it had on television broadcasting10. The “target“ in line 20 most probably referred to(A) Earth(B) Jupiter(C) the solar system(D) a comet ADDBC DACBA 词汇补充： cacia 金合花accordion 手风琴acquamarine 海蓝宝石acre 英亩acronym 首字母缩拼词acute 敏锐的adobe 土墙adorn 装饰adrenaline 肾上腺素affiliate 使隶属于affinity 亲热关系afloat 漂移着aide 副官airborne 在空中alchemist 炼丹家aldosterone 醛固酮alga 水藻allegory 寓言all-star 由明星演员组成的allusive 含示意的;含典故的aloof 远离的;孤零的aluminum 铝alumni 男校友amateur 外行的Perhaps one of the most dramatic and important changes that took place in the Mesozoic era occurred late in that era, among the small organisms that populate the uppermost, sunlit portion of the oceans the plankton. The term “plankton“ is a broad one, designating all of the small plants and animals that float about or weakly propel themselves through the sea. In the late stages of the Mesozoic era, during the Cretaceousperiod,therewasagreatexpansionofplanktonthat precipitated skeletons or shells composed of two types of mineral: silica and calcium carbonate.This development radically changed the types of sediments that accumulated on the seafloor, because, while the organic parts of the plankton decayed after the organisms died, their mineralized skeletons often survived and sank to the bottom. For the first time in the Earth”s longhistory, verylarge quantities ofsilicaskeletons, whichwould eventually harden into rock, began to pile up in parts of the deep sea.Thick deposits of calcareous ooze made up of the tiny remains of thecalcium carbonate-secreting plankton also accumulated as never before. The famous white chalk cliffs of Dover, in the southeast of England, are just one example of the huge quantities of such material that amassed during the Cretaceous period; there are many more. Just why the calcareous planktonweresoprolificduringthelatter partofthe Cretaceous period is not fully understood. Such massive amounts of chalky sediments have never since been deposited over a comparable period of time.The high biological productivity of the Cretaceous oceans also led toideal conditions for oil accumulation. Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into petroleum. Sediments rich in organic material accumulated along the margins of the Tethys Seaway, the tropical east-west ocean that formed when Earth”s single landmass (known as Pangaea) split apart during the Mesozoic era. Many of today”s important oil fields are found in those sediments in Russia, the Middle East, the Gulf of Mexico, and in the states of Texas and Louisiana in the United States.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How sediments were built up in oceans during the Cretaceous period(B) How petroleum was formed in the Mesozoic era(C) The impact of changes in oceanic animal and plant life in the Mesozoic era(D) The differences between plankton found in the present era and Cretaceous plankton2. The passage indicates that the Cretaceous period occurred(A) in the early part of the Mesozoic era(B) in the middle part of the Mesozoic era(C) in the later part of the Mesozoic era(D) after the Mesozoic era3. The passage mentions all of the following aspects of plankton EXCEPT(A) the length of their lives(B) the level of the ocean at which they are found(C) their movement(D) their size4. The word “accumulated“ in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) depended(B) matured 成熟的(C) dissolved(D) collected5. According to the passage , the most dramatic change to the oceans caused by plankton during the Cretaceous period concerned(A) the depth of the water(B) the makeup of the sediment on the ocean floor(C) the decrease in petroleum-producing sediment(D) a decline in the quantity of calcareous ooze on the seafloor6. The “white chalk cliffs of Dover“ are mentioned in line 14 of the passage to(A) show where the plankton sediment first began to build up(B) provide an example of a plankton buildup that scientists cannot explain(C) provide an example of the buildup of plankton sediment(D) indicate the largest single plankton buildup on Earth7. The word “prolific 多产的“ in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) fruitful(B) distinct(C) determined(D) energetic8. The word “ideal“ in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) common(B) clear(C) perfect(D) immediate9. The word “it“ in line 22 refers to(A) biological productivity(B) oil(C) organic material(D) petroleum CCADB CACCThe term “art deco“ has come to encompass three distinct but related design trends of the 1920”s and 1930”s. The first was what is frequently referred to as “zigzag moderne“ the exotically ornamental style of such skyscrapers as the Chrysler Building in New York City and related structures such as the Paramount Theater in Oakland, California. The word “zigzag“ alludes to the geometric and stylized ornamentation of zigzags, angular patterns, abstracted plant and animal motifs, sunbursts, astrological imagery, formalized fountains, and related themes that were applied in mosaic relief, and mural form to the exterior and interior of the buildings. Many of these buildings were shaped in the ziggurat form, adesignresemblinganancientMesopotamiantempletowerthat recedesinprogressivelysmallerstagestothesummit,creatinga staircase-like effect.The second manifestation of art deco was the 1930”s “streamlined moderne“ style a Futuristic-looking aerodynamic style of rounded corners and horizontal bands known as “speed stripes“. In architecture, theseelementswerefrequentlyaccompaniedbyroundwindows,extensive use of glass block, and flat rooftops.Thethirdstyle,referredtoaseither“internationalstripped classicism,“ or simply “classical moderne,“ also came to the forefront during the Depression, a period of severe economic difficult in the 1930”s. This was a more conservative style, blending a simplified modernistic style with a more austere form of geometric and stylized relief sculpture and other ornament, including interior murals. Many buildings in this style were erected nationwide through government programs during the Depression.Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived asthoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movementsthatimmediatelyprecededit.Forexample,like“art nouveau“ (1890-1910), art deco also used plant motifs, but regularized the forms into abstracted repetitive patterns rather than presenting them as flowing, asymmetrical foliage, like the Viennese craftspeople of the Wiener Werkstatte, art deco designers worked with exotic materials, geometricized shapes, and colorfully ornate patterns. Furthermore, like the artisans of the Arts and Crafts Movement in England and the United States, art deco practitioners considered it their mission to transform the domestic environment through well-designed furniture and household accessories.1. What aspect of “art deco“ does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of art deco on the design of furniture and household accessories(B) Waysinwhichgovernmentprogramsencouragedthe development of art deco(C) Architectural manifestations of art deco during the 1920”s and 1930”s(D) Reasons for the popularity of art deco in New York and California2. The word “encompass 包含，包括“ in line 1 is closest in meaningto(A) separate(B) include(C) replace(D) enhance 提高，增加3. The phrase “The first“ in line 2 refers to(A) the term “art deco“(B) design trends(C) the 1920”s and 1930”s(D) skyscrapers4. In line 9, the author mentions “an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower “ in order to(A) describe the exterior shape of certain “art deco“ buildings(B) explainthedifferencesbetweenancientandmodernarchitectural steles(C) emphasize the extent of architectural advances(D) argue for a return to more traditional architectural design5. The streamlined moderne style is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT(A) animal motifs(B) flat roofs(C) round windows(D) “speed stripes“6. The phrase “came to the forefront“ in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) grew in complexity(B) went through a process(C) changed its approach(D) became important7. According to the passage , which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between art deco and art nouveau?(A) They were art forms that competed with each other for government support during the Depression era.(B) They were essentially the same art form.(C) Art nouveau preceded art deco and influenced it.(D) Art deco became important in the United States while art nouveau became popular in England.8. According to the passage , a building having an especially ornate appearance would most probably have been designed in the style of(A) zigzag moderne(B) streamlined moderne(C) classical moderne(D) the Arts and Crafts Movement9. According to the passage , which of the following design trends is known by more than one name?(A) Zigzag moderne(B) Streamlined moderne(C) International stripped classicism(D) Arts and Crafts Movement10. The passage is primarily developed as(A) the historical chronology of a movement(B) a description of specific buildings that became famous for their unusual beauty(C) an analysis of various trends within an artistic movement(D) an argument of the advantages of one artistic form over another CBBAA DCACCThe principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in theNorth American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang upalong the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods wereimported.Merchandisingestablishmentswere,accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.This was less true in t