2012黑龙江考研英语二真题及答案.pdf
20122012 黑龙江考研英语二真题及答案黑龙江考研英语二真题及答案SectionSection I I USEUSE ofofEnglishEnglishDirectionsDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy,the symbolof American military adventurism,but thats not how it used to be.To the men andwomen who1in World War II and the people they liberated,the GI.was the2man grown into hero,the pool farm kid torn away from his home,the guy who3allthe burdens of battle,who slept in cold foxholes，who went without the4of foodand shelter,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.this was nota volunteer soldier,not someone well paid,5an average guy,up6the besttrained,best equipped,fiercest,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI.is just a military abbreviation7GovernmentIssue,and it was onall of the article8to soldiers.And Joe?A common namefor a guy who never9it tothe top.Joe Blow,Joe Magrac a working classname.TheUnited States has10had a president or vicepresident or secretaryof state Joe.GI.joehad a11career fighting German,Japanese,andKorean troops.He appers as a character,or a12of americanpersonalities,in the 1945movie The Story of GI.Joe,based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle.Some of the soldiers Pyle13portrayde themselves in the film.Pyle was famousfor covering the14side of the warl,writing about the dirt-snow and-mudsoldiers,not how many miles were15or what towns were captured or liberated,His reports16the“willie”cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist BillMaulden.Both men17the dirt and exhaustion of war,the18of civilizationthat the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19Egypt,France,and a dozen more countries,G.I.Joe was anyAmerican soldier,20the most important person in their lives.1.A performedBservedCrebelledDbetrayed2.A actualBcommonCspecialDnormal3.AboreBcasedCremovedDloaded4.AnecessitiesBfaciliticeCcommoditiesDpropertoes5.AandBnorCbutDhence6.AforBintoC formDagainst7.AmeaningBimplyingCsymbolizingDclaiming8.Ahanded outBturn overCbrought backDpassed down9.ApushedBgotCmadeDmanaged10.AeverBneverCeitherDneither11.AdisguisedBdisturbedCdisputedDdistinguished12.AcompanyBcollectionCcommunityDcolony13.AemployedBappointedCinterviewedDquestioned14.AethicalBmilitaryCpoliticalDhuman15.AruinedBcommutedCpatrolledDgained16.AparalleledBcounteractedCduplicatedDcontradicted17.AneglectedBavoidedCemphasizedDadmired18.AstagesBillusionsCfragmentsDadvancea19.AWithBToCAmongDBeyond20.Aon the contraryB by this meansCfrom the outsetDatthat pointSectionSection ReadingReading comprehensioncomprehensionPartPart A ADirections:Directions:Read the following four texts.answer the question after each text bychoosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)TextText 1 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.School districts across thecountry,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on hiseducational ritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policywhich mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may nolonger count for more than 10%of a students academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverishedor chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.But the policy is unclearand contradictory.Certainly,no homework should be assigned that students cannotdo without expensive equipment.But if the district is essentially giving a passto students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives,itis going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poorchildren.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling:teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want.But with homework countingfor no more than 10%of their grades,students can easily skip half their homeworkand see vey little difference on their report cards.Some students might do wellon state tests without completing their homework,but what about the students whoperformed well on the tests and did their homework?It is quite possible that thehomework helped.Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best fortheir students,the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.At the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions abouthomework.If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students academicachievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments,not make themcount for almost nothing.Conversely,if homework does nothing to ensure that thehomework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which isresponsible for setting educational policy,looks into the matter and conductspublic hearings.It is not too late for L.A.Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 thatnowadays homework_.A is receiving more criticismBis no longer an educational ritualCis not required for advanced coursesDis gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_.Atend to have moderate expectations for their educationBhave asked for a different educational standardCmay have problems finishing their homeworkDhave voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may_.Adiscourage students from doing homeworkBresult in students indifference to their report cardsCundermine the authority of state testsDrestrict teachers power in education24.As mentioned in Paragraph 4,a key question unanswered about homework iswhether_.A it should be eliminatedBit counts much in schoolingCit places extra burdens on teachersDit is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be_.AWrong Interpretation of an Educational PolicyBA Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsCThorny Questions about HomeworkDA Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Text2Pretty in pink:adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour,yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives.Tt is not that pink is intrinsicallybad,but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and,though it may celebrate girlhoodin one way,it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance.Thenit presents that connection,even among two-year-olds,between girls as not onlyinnocent but as evidence of innocence.Looking around,I despaired at the singularlack of imagination about girls lives and interests.Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable,somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti,an associate professor of American Studies,it is not.Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century:in the era beforedomestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter,since theonly way of getting clothes clean was to boil them.Whats more,both boys and girlswore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours wereintroduced,pink was actually considered the more masculine colour,a pastel versionof red,which was associated with strength.Blue,with its intimations of the VirginMary,constancy and faithfulness,symbolised femininity.It was not until themid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrensmarketing strategy,that pink fully came into its own,when it began to seeminherently attractive to girls,part of what defined them as female,at least forthe first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception ofwhat is natural to kins,including our core beliefs about their psychologicaldevelopment.Take the toddler.I assumed that phase was something experts developedafter years of research into childrens behaviour:wrong.Turns out,acdording toDaniel Cook,a historian of childhood consumerism,it was popularised as a marketingtrick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that,in order to increasesales,they should create a“third stepping stone”between infant wear and olderkids clothes.Tt was only after“toddler”became a common shoppers term thatit evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage.Splitting kids,oradults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits.Andone of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences orinvent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying it is.the rainbow(Line 3,Para.1),the author means pink_.Ashould not be the sole representation of girlhoodBshould not be associated with girls innocenceCcannot explain girls lack of imaginationDcannot influence girls lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2,which of the following is true of colours？AColours are encoded in girls DNA.BBlue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.CPink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.DWhite is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological developmentwas much influenced by_.Athe marketing of products for childrenBthe observation of childrens natureCresearches into childrens behaviorDstudies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_.Afocus on infant wear and older kids clothesBattach equal importance to different gendersCclassify consumers into smaller groupsDcreate some common shoppers terms30.It can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be_.A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyBfully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenDwell interpreted by psychological expertsTextText3 3In 2010.a federal judge shook Americas biotech industry to its core.Companieshad won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20%of human genes wereparented.But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.Executiveswere violently agitated.The Biotechnology Industry Organisation(BIO)，a tradegroup，assured members that this was just a“preliminary step”in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved，at least temporarily.A federal appeals courtoverturned the prior decision，ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patentsto two genss that help forecast a womans risk of breast cancer.The chief executiveof Myriad，a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patientsalike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine，the courtswill remain rather busy.The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics makethree main arguments against gene patents：a gene is a product of nature，so itmay not be patented；gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it；andpatents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads.A growingnumber seem to agree.Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents relatedto genetic tests.In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriadcase，arguing that an isolated DNA molecule“is no less a product of nature.than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals courts decision，big questions remain unanswered.Forexample，it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patentsof indivi dual genes within it.The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances,however,other suits may have an even panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-mostare already patented or inthe public domain.firms are now studying how genesintcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes ofdisease or predict a drugs efficacy,companies are eager to win patents forconnecting the dits,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought bythe Mayo Clinic,which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.The BIO rtcentlyheld a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscapefor patents.Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that-A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents ongenes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer,companies are eager to win patents for-A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34By saying“each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that-A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernD.lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking,the authors attitude toward gene patenting is-A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.ObjectiveTextText 4 4The great recession may be over,but this era of high joblessness is probablybeginning.Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character ofa generation of young adults.And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this nationaleconomic disaster.Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,hadimproved them in some ways;they had become less materialistic and more financiallyprudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.At the very least,it has awokenus from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessaryend to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin,uncertain,and far off.InThe Moral Consequences of Economic Growth,the economic historian Benjamin Friedmanargues that both inside and outside the U.S.,lengthy periods of economic stagnationor decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms.Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases,as does conflict between races andclasses.Income inequality usually falls during a recession,but it has not shrunk inthis one,.Indeed,this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides,and decrease opportunities to cross them-especially for young people.Theresearch of Till Von Wachter,the economist in Columbia University,suggests thatnot all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed:those withdegrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise wouldhave been if they had graduated in better times;it is the masses beneath them thatare left behind.In the internet age,it is particularly easy to see the
