八年级英语完形填空题及其解决方法北京实验版知识精讲_中学教育-高考英语.pdf

初二英语完形填空题及其解决方法北京实验版 【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：初中英语完形填空题及其解决方法 二、教学目标：培养学生综合运用知识的能力 三、教学重点：学生综合运用知识的能力 四、重点知识讲解：完形填空是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查我们的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点：1.在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占 1015，长度一般在 150200 个单词左右。2.降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。3.针对我们的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。“完形填空”有多种形式，但它在基本设计原则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干词，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案（其中包括一个正确答案），让考生选出正确的答案；也可以给出单词首字母进行完形填空，或者给出字母及单词长度（由几个字母组成）；也可以不给考生提供任何线索，完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力来完成。最常见的还是选择型的“完形填空”。“抽词法”可以是有针对性地抽，也可以是随机地抽。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。“完形填空”要求我们不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。“完形填空”旨在测试我们的综合应用语言能力。因此，要做好“完形填空”，不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。传统的完形填空通常是将一篇逻辑性较强的短文，留出若干个空，然后采用“四选一”的方法，将短文补充完整。它属于客观题型。如今的完形填空题除保留传统题型的优点外，还采用了选词填空(有多余选项)或根据上下文补全对话(或短文)等主观题型。但事实证明，完形填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。限于篇幅，我着重谈谈客观题型的解法 （一）目标要求 完形填空主要测试我们在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。（二）解题步骤 完形填空主要测试我们的语言综合运用能力，包括基础知识的掌握和运用，对整个文章逻辑联系的理解，在情景中辨析词义的能力以及词组短语搭配的使用能力，这是大部分同学认为难度最大的考查项目。有些同学的听力、基础知识部分做得还比较好，但是完形填空却只能做对一两道，有的甚至对完形填空产生了恐惧心理，以致全军覆没。其实只要我们有信心，有良好的心理素质，再加上一定的技巧，完形填空并不是不可逾越的鸿沟。一）平心静气不急不躁 对完形填空心存恐惧，是导致失误的根本原因，有些考生满脑子的畏难思想，殊不知这种情绪只会使得自己的全部思想游离题外，根本无法进入思维，还谈何理解文章的内容呢？所以，集中思想、树立信心、平心静气、去除杂念才是做好完形填空题的保证。二）浏览全文把握大意 浏览全文能获得更多的上下文提供的信息，并根据文章的内在逻辑意义、贯穿文章始终的主线以及作者行文的走向，把握文脉，调整并定位自己的解题思路，从而做出最终的判断。如在 Computer 一文中，作者贯穿文章始终的主线为 Computers are important for human beings，但到了最后，作者笔锋一转，提出 Are you afraid if computers can really think one day?作者的行文走向是一种担心和忧虑，所以读者既要善于听话听音，也要把握准文脉，及时调整、定位自己的思路，就会发现上述问题的正确回答应该是 Yes，we are afraid.。三）识别短语注意搭配 一类短语是由动词介词，或动词副词构成，在现代英语中，这类词组很多而且实用性强、结构简练、使用灵活、表达生动，如 break the ice，look forward to，keep an eye on，catch ones eye 等；还有一类使用极广的是介词短语，如 with regard to，at the age of 等。如果平时能注意词组、短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律，在做完形填空时就能得心应手，减少失误，提高完形填空的正确率。四）运用语法理顺关系 语法知识是指导完形填空的法宝，词汇是根据语法规则确定各自的位置，有了语法规则文章才能有条不紊、顺理成章。完形填空题实际上是“形断意不断，貌离神不离”，正如藕断而丝连，语法规则起到“牵动荷花带出藕”的功效。如介词后的代词必然是宾格；物质名词一般不用复数；形容词必须放在不定代词后；行为动词的否定和疑问句应由助动词 do 构成；情态动词只能与不带 to 的动词连用等。如黄浦区 20XX 年中考模拟试卷中的完形填空题第 3 小题：I was the happiest boy in the world，填入的词逻辑根据为 happy，语法根据为最高级，因为前一个词是 the，后面是 in the world 短语，即在一个范围内进行比较，应用形容词的最高级，因而推断出该词为 happiest；再如该项的第 6 小题，挖空处为 dont，因为行为动词的否定式应由助动词构成，而且主语是 I，因此得出该词为 dont。目标培养学生综合运用知识的能力三教学重点学生综合运用知识的能力四重点知识讲解完形填空是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型它是一种障碍性的测试题在一定程度上考查我们的阅读能力逻辑推理及分析归纳综合判断能力这种点考查考生对短文的整体理解上下文的段落衔接情理分析及推理判断能力针对我们的实际平一般采用故事体尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体近年来出现了以意义选择为主语法选择逐渐减少的趋势完形填空有多种形式但它在基本词可以提供四个答案其中包括一个正确答案让考生选出正确的答案也可以给出单词首字母进行完形填空或者给出字母及单词长度由几个字母组成也可以不给考生提供任何线索完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力来完成最常五）遇到难词反复默念 有时会遇到这样的情况，大部分词都填出来了，只有一、两个难词绞尽脑汁仍不得要领，如果考试时间允许，不要轻易放弃，要穷追不舍，先从语法角度考虑，再从逻辑角度考虑是否有隐含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和习俗等。有时句子好像什么也不缺，读上去很完整，就必须考虑，很可能缺的就是连词 and，副词 then、always、sometimes 等，如果还未填出，应反复默念几遍，有些词就会悄然而至，在你的记忆中浮现出来。六）细心检查避免疏漏 完成填空后最关键的一点是要细心检查每一个填空处是否有笔误或疏漏的地方。有些考生为自己全部填出了而沾沾自喜，根本没想到不是缺了“ing”就是少了“s”，或是忘了加“ed”，这是很可惜的，因为从意思上他是理解了、看懂了题目，但因粗心而大意失荆州。如闸北区 20XX 年中考模拟卷完形填空中的第 4 小题，应为 Thats no problem。这是一句口语习语，通常不用复数，但很多考生都填了 problems；再如我校模拟卷完形填空中的第 5小题为 Then you can look at it again when your moneys all gone.，虽然很多考生理解了题目的含义为 money，但几乎没有人理解为 money is gone 的缩写，所以细心检查，反复回读，能够减少疏漏，提高完形填空的正确率。目标培养学生综合运用知识的能力三教学重点学生综合运用知识的能力四重点知识讲解完形填空是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型它是一种障碍性的测试题在一定程度上考查我们的阅读能力逻辑推理及分析归纳综合判断能力这种点考查考生对短文的整体理解上下文的段落衔接情理分析及推理判断能力针对我们的实际平一般采用故事体尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体近年来出现了以意义选择为主语法选择逐渐减少的趋势完形填空有多种形式但它在基本词可以提供四个答案其中包括一个正确答案让考生选出正确的答案也可以给出单词首字母进行完形填空或者给出字母及单词长度由几个字母组成也可以不给考生提供任何线索完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力来完成最常【典型例题】请根据下面短文内容，在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。Every year students in many countries learn English.Some of these students are children,_1_ students are young people.Why do all these people want to learn_2_?It is not_3_to answer this question.Many boys and girls learn English at school.It is one of their _4_.Many people learn English because it is_5_in their work.Some young people learn English_6_their higher studies because some of their books are_7_English.Other people learn English because they want to _8_newspapers in English.Some people learn English because they want to _9_ in the USA,England or Australia.English is very_10_in our life(生活).1.A.all B.the other C.both D.other 2.A.English B.Chinese C.maths D.Japanese 3.A.hard B.easy C.good D.nice 4.A.books B.classes C.schools D.subjects(科目)5.A.good B.useful(有用的)C.fine D.pleased 6.A.for B.of C.to D.from 7.A.in B.with C.at D.of 8.A.look B.see C.look at D.read 9.A.go B.work C.like D.come 10.A.help B.helping C.helps D.helpful 答题分三步：第一步：通览全文 通过通览全文，便知本文讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。第二步：逐项填空 本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。1.选 B。some.other(s).意思是“一些另一些(泛指)”；some.the other(s).意思是“一些另一些（特指）”。由语境可知，在学英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。2.选 A。根据上下文可知是 English。3.选 B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。4.选 D。由常识可知，English 是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。5.选 B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为 English 在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。6.选 A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词 for 在此可表示目的、原因。7.选 A。in English 是习惯搭配。8.选 D。“读报”英语习惯说 read newspapers。9.选 B。根据语境及句子结构，有些人学习英语或想出国(go to a country)或想在这些国家工作(work in a country)。10.选 D。末句点题，“英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)”。第三步：复读检验 将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题。实战演习：It was almost 9:00 p.m.when Mia Jameson left her office to go home.It was 1 .She 目标培养学生综合运用知识的能力三教学重点学生综合运用知识的能力四重点知识讲解完形填空是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型它是一种障碍性的测试题在一定程度上考查我们的阅读能力逻辑推理及分析归纳综合判断能力这种点考查考生对短文的整体理解上下文的段落衔接情理分析及推理判断能力针对我们的实际平一般采用故事体尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体近年来出现了以意义选择为主语法选择逐渐减少的趋势完形填空有多种形式但它在基本词可以提供四个答案其中包括一个正确答案让考生选出正确的答案也可以给出单词首字母进行完形填空或者给出字母及单词长度由几个字母组成也可以不给考生提供任何线索完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力来完成最常started her car and she 2 down the dark road that led to her house in the country.She 3 the radio and sang songs while she was driving.The heater(暖气机)wasnt working,and singing helped to keep her 4 .The snow was heavy.Then Mia went across a small 5 .The bridge was covered with ice and the car went out of control(失去控制).Mia hit her head on the steering wheel and lost consciousness(知觉).When she 6 ,her head was bleeding(流血),and she was shaking from the cold.She didn t know 7 she was.Mia opened the car door and looked around.She was under the bridge,and her car was sitting on the 8 river!She felt very 9 .She knew the ice wouldnt 10 her car for very long.She 11 to walk up the hill several times,but she kept falling in the snow.Mia tried 12 time.She fell again,but this time she couldnt get up.She knew that 13 could see her car under the bridge.She was lying in the snow,and she couldnt 14 .Mia closed her eyes and 15 die.Then she heard a voice.Mia opened her eyes.There was an old man standing over her.She stood up and walked up with the help of the old man.“Thats my truck,”said the old man.“Get in and Ill take you home.”(1)A.raining B.cool C.snowing D.late(2)A.ran B.drove C.walked D.rode(3)A.turned on B.turned over C.turned off D.turned down(4)A.happy B.not alone C.warm D.not lonely(5)A.bridge B.village C.town D.farm(6)A.got up B.came back C.looked up D.woke up(7)A.how B.what C.why D.where(8)A.deep B.frozen C.wide D.cold(9)A.angry B.sad C.surprised D.afraid(10)A.keep B.pull C.take D.hold(11)A.tried B.wanted C.would like D.seemed(12)A.one B.one more C.other D.the other(13)A.someone B.anyone C.everyone D.no one(14)A.feel B.hear C.move D.go(15)A.waited to B.had to C.was able to D.decided to 【模拟试题】（答题时间：60 分钟）一、阅读理解。A Dear Victor:I am a college student.Nowadays games on the net are very popular with college students.Some of my roommates are very interested in them.They not only play games in their free time,but also keep talking about them at night when lights are off,and they regard games as part of life.I ve begged(乞求)them to give it up,but they wouldn t listen to me.It has become a rather big problem.Should I report it to our teachers or do something else?Ted Dear Ted:Drop it.Your roommates,as grown-ups,can do whatever they want with their time so long as 目标培养学生综合运用知识的能力三教学重点学生综合运用知识的能力四重点知识讲解完形填空是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型它是一种障碍性的测试题在一定程度上考查我们的阅读能力逻辑推理及分析归纳综合判断能力这种点考查考生对短文的整体理解上下文的段落衔接情理分析及推理判断能力针对我们的实际平一般采用故事体尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体近年来出现了以意义选择为主语法选择逐渐减少的趋势完形填空有多种形式但它在基本词可以提供四个答案其中包括一个正确答案让考生选出正确的答案也可以给出单词首字母进行完形填空或者给出字母及单词长度由几个字母组成也可以不给考生提供任何线索完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力来完成最常it doesn t break school rules or violate(妨碍)other people s interests.Playing perhaps gives these students relaxation(放松)from hard study.If they play too often,have little time to study,and they will reap what they have sown,but you will not.Reporting to the teachers would only harm your good name in your dormitory(宿舍).However you have rights to ask your roommates to be quiet when you need sleep.If they arent angry with you,they will stop talking.But be polite and friendly.Perhaps,in return,join them in a game or two.Victor 1.According to the first letter,many college students enjoy_.A.playing computer games B.searching information on the Internet C.sending e-mails D.buying things online 2.Ted wants his roommates to_.A.break their computers B.sell their computers to teachers C.stop playing computer games D.play games in the day,not at night 3.According to the second letter,some college students_.A.can violate school rules or other peoples interests B.have their rights to quarrel with Ted C.can relax themselves while playing games on the net D.can study even better if they play games on the net 4.Victor asks Ted to_.A.report to the teachers B.harm his good name in the dormitory C.quarrel with his roommates D.learn how to get on well with others 5.In the second letter,the underlined part(划线部分)means_.A.自食其果 B.随心所欲地做事 C.回家种庄稼 D.逃避责任 B The world is becoming smaller by using modern traffic,TV,telephone and so on.Life today is easier than it was hundreds ago,but it has also brought new problems.One of the biggest is pollution.Pollution comes in many ways.We see it,smell it,drink it and even hear it.The more people,the more pollution.Many years ago,the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people.Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.Air pollution is still the most ser ious.Its bad to all living things in the world.Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water.Noise pollution makes us become angry more easily.The pollution of SO2 is now the most dangerous problem of air pollution.It is caused by heavy traffic.It is sure that if there are fewer people driving,there will be less air pollution.Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.They stop people from burning coal（煤）in houses and factories in the city.So the less pollution there is,the better life people will have.1.Our world is becoming much smaller _ 目标培养学生综合运用知识的能力三教学重点学生综合运用知识的能力四重点知识讲解完形填空是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型它是一种障碍性的测试题在一定程度上考查我们的阅读能力逻辑推理及分析归纳综合判断能力这种点考查考生对短文的整体理解上下文的段落衔接情理分析及推理判断能力针对我们的实际平一般采用故事体尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体近年来出现了以意义选择为主语法选择逐渐减少的趋势完形填空有多种形式但它在基本词可以提供四个答案其中包括一个正确答案让考生选出正确的答案也可以给出单词首字母进行完形填空或者给出字母及单词长度由几个字母组成也可以不给考生提供任何线索完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力来完成最常A.because of science development B.because there are fewer people C.because the earth is being polluted day and night 2.Thousands of years ago,life was _ it is today.A.easier than B.as easy as C.harder than 3.Pollution comes in many ways.We can even hear it.Here“it”means _.A.air pollution B.noise pollution C.water pollution 4.Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _ A.it makes much noise B.its bad to all living things in the world C.it has made our rivers and lakes dirty 5.Which of the following is NOT true?A.Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.B.The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the worlds population does.C.The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are so many people.二、完形填空：A As a student,you must have read a lot of interesting books.Most of the books come from the school library,I am sure.Perhaps you also get books from the bookstore in your town.The books are something given to you as 1 by your parents or friends,I think.Besides,if you like reading and want to learn more,I am sure that you buy books 2 .Have you ever thought how books are 3?Well,after a book is written,it passes through the hands of many different workers.Each one works very carefully,for there must not be any 4 in the book.It is read many times by different people before it is finished.Millions of books are printed in our country every year.So people can get 5 to read.Now may I ask you a question?How well do you take 6 of books?What have you learned about the care of books?Perhaps you bought yourself some 7 books.Have you put paper covers on them?Do you open 8 carefully?Sometimes new books break along the back if you open them 9 in the middle.I hope that you dont 10 the pages carelessly.If you do,you may tear them.1.A.pets B.presents C.books D.textbooks.2.A.all B.yourself C.also D.either 3.A.sold B.bought C.given D.made 4.A.mistakes B.questions C.wrong D.thing 5.A.many B.enough C.a lot of D.great 6.A.careful B.after C.out D.care 7.A.more B.new C.out D.care 8.A.it B.carefully C.them D.book 9.A.suddenly B.sudden C.careful D.carefully 10.A.break B.throw C.write D.turn B How can you think in English?I think the best way is to practice as what a football player 目标培养学生综合运用知识的能力三教学重点学生综合运用知识的能力四重点知识讲解完形填空是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型它是一种障碍性的测试题在一定程度上考查我们的阅读能力逻辑推理及分析归纳综合判断能力这种点考查考生对短文的整体理解上下文的段落衔接情理分析及推理判断能力针对我们的实际平一般采用故事体尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体近年来出现了以意义选择为主语法选择逐渐减少的趋势完形填空有多种形式但它在基本词可以提供四个答案其中包括一个正确答案让考生选出正确的答案也可以给出单词首字母进行完形填空或者给出字母及单词长度由几个字母组成也可以不给考生提供任何线索完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力来完成最常does every day.During the 1the football player will pass the ball to his teammates over and over again.So he wont have to 2 passing the ball in the game,he will just do it.You can 3 yourself to think in English this way.The first step is to think of the words that you use daily,simple everyday words 4 book or shoe or tree.For example,whenever you 5 a“book”you should think of it in English instead of in your mother language.After you have learned to think of several words in English,then move on to the next stepthinking in6.Listening and repeating is a very useful 7 to learn a language.Listen first and dont care too much about 8 you fully understand what youre hearing.Try to repeat what you hear.The more you listen,the 9you learn.After you reach a higher level,10 having conversations with yourself in English.This will lead you to think in English.1.A.practice B.break C.game D.day 2.A.wait for B.think about C.look at D.give up 3.A.allow B.train C.tell D.ask 4.A.in B.about C.like D.from 5.A.buy B.keep C.borrow D.see 6.A.sentences B.passages C.lessons D.classes 7.A.idea B.step C.way D.pan 8.A.which B.whether C.how D.why 9.A.harder B.less C.later D.more 10.A.remember B.stop C.start D.finish 【试题答案】一、A:15 ACCDA B:15 A C A B B 二、A:15 BBDAB 610 DBCAD B:1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.C 目标培养学生综合运用知识的能力三教学重点学生综合运用知识的能力四重点知识讲解完形填空是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型它是一种障碍性的测试题在一定程度上考查我们的阅读能力逻辑推理及分析归纳综合判断能力这种点考查考生对短文的整体理解上下文的段落衔接情理分析及推理判断能力针对我们的实际平一般采用故事体尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体近年来出现了以意义选择为主语法选择逐渐减少的趋势完形填空有多种形式但它在基本词可以提供四个答案其中包括一个正确答案让考生选出正确的答案也可以给出单词首字