语法专题二动词和动词短语_外语学习-语法 .pdf

学习必备 欢迎下载 专题二 动词和动词短语 动词的辨析 动词包括连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、持续性动词与非持续性动词，是高考考查的重点，无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中，动词辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趋势。动词辨析主要指：1词形相近的动词之间的辨析。如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat 等。2意义相近的动词之间的辨析。如：borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish 等。3动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass，past 等。4意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨析。如：explain，say；discover，invent；uncover，find等。5某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如：ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，see，hear等。6某些常用动词短语的辨析。如：give in，give up；turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up 等。题组训练 1 选词填空 A.remind，negotiate，fail，limit，order 1William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.2If you don t like the drink you ordered just leave it and try a different one.3Mary，I reminded John of his promise to help you.4Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also limit our thinking.5The government refuses to negotiate with terrorists.B.open，accumulate，reserve，earn，deny 6 Clinical evidence began to accumulate，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.7Are you still mad at her?Not really，but I cant deny that her remarks hurt me.8Id prefer to reserve my judgment until I find all the evidence.9You are old enough to earn your own living.10I opened a bank account after I made1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.学习必备 欢迎下载 动词短语的考查要点 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：1根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(1)动词副词(不及物)Tom turned up after the party when everyone had left.(2)动词副词(及物)Please turn every light in the house off.注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。She turned off all the lights which had been left on.如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。She gave them away.(3)动词介词(及物)You should learn to care about others.注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。(4)动词副词介词 I look forward to seeing you soon.注意：“动词介词”、“动词名词副词”、“动词副词介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after.(不能漏掉 after)2熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上的差异。hear from 收到的来信 hear of 听说 look after 照料 look at 看 look for 寻找(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时意义上的差异。ring back 回电话 ring off 挂断电话 ring up 打电话 put away 放好，收起 put on 穿上；上演 put up 挂起；举起(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时意义上的差异。look for 寻找 ask for 请求 wait for 等候 send for 派人去叫(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时意义上的差异。break out 发生；爆发 carry out 进行；开展 续性动词是高考考查的重点无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中动词辨析的比重都很大并有逐年增加的趋势动词辨析主要指词形相近的动词之间的辨析如等意义相近的动词之间的辨析如等动词与其他词形相近意义相似的词的辨析组训练选词填空学习必备欢迎下载动词短语的考查要点动词短语是指动词和介词副词或名词的习惯搭配需掌握以下要点根据动词短语的不同特点掌握其运用规律动词副词不及物动词副词及物注意如果宾语较长就应避免把副词同动词副词介词注意动词介词动词名词副词动词副词介词这三种搭配都是及物的如变成被动语态不可漏掉介词不能漏掉熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上学习必备 欢迎下载 go out 熄灭 hand out 分发 let out 放出 look out 当心 sell out 卖完 set out 出发 take out 取出 work out 算出 break down 坏了 come down 落下来 get down 下车 take down 取下 write down 写下 题组训练 2 选词填空 A.speed up，work out，put up with，bring down 1I can put up with the house being untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.2We aim to bring down the cost of daily life.3They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of traffic.4You cant predict everything.Often things don t work out as you expect.B.care about，bring up，turn down，put up 5You look upset.What s the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.6If you care about faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.7He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.8Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.C.take on，go over，come across，look up 9To get a better grade，you should go over the notes again before the test.10I often look up the words I don t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.11 She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.12Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.易错易混点 1lay(放)，lie(躺)与 lie(说谎)，这三个易混动词构成见下表：原形 过去式 过去分词 lay 放，搁；下蛋，产卵 laid laid lie 躺；位于 lay lain lie 说谎 lied lied 2.rise 和 raise：rise 是不及物动词，其过去式是 rose，过去分词是 risen，而 raise 是及物动词，是规则动词。续性动词是高考考查的重点无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中动词辨析的比重都很大并有逐年增加的趋势动词辨析主要指词形相近的动词之间的辨析如等意义相近的动词之间的辨析如等动词与其他词形相近意义相似的词的辨析组训练选词填空学习必备欢迎下载动词短语的考查要点动词短语是指动词和介词副词或名词的习惯搭配需掌握以下要点根据动词短语的不同特点掌握其运用规律动词副词不及物动词副词及物注意如果宾语较长就应避免把副词同动词副词介词注意动词介词动词名词副词动词副词介词这三种搭配都是及物的如变成被动语态不可漏掉介词不能漏掉熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上学习必备 欢迎下载 3hang 的用法：hang 有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是 hanged。4sit 与 seat：seat 为及物动词时作“容纳”讲，sit 只是表示一个动作；seat 表示“就座”时要用 be seated 或用 seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.或 I seated myself in the armchair.5 win 与 beat：win 作“胜、赢”讲时其后应接 a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race，a bet 等，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含义。如：I have won him.即“我已说服他了，我赢得了他的好感。”而 beat 是及物动词，意为“击败、胜过”，直接接人、队。6lost，gone 与 missing：作补足语时意为“丢失、不见了”，可以用 lost，gone，但要用miss 时则不能用 missed，而要用 missing。语法与写作 根据提示翻译下面的句子 1必须指出我愿意在这个假期里去旅游。(point out)(2013 山东 写作)It must be pointed out that I would love to go travelling during this holiday.2踢足球和看电视占据了我很多的业余时间。(take up)(2013 四川 书面表达)Playing football and watching TV take up much of my spare time.3我必须使自己适应美国的生活方式，帮助他们了解中国文化的最优秀部分。(adapt to)(2013 浙江 书面表达)I had to adapt myself to their American lifestyle and help them understand the best part of Chinese culture.4前面将会有很多挑战，但我有信心我会挑起这个担子。(take on)(2013 天津 书面表达)There will be many challenges ahead，but I have confidence that I ll take on the burden.5在中国，这些中国结(Chinese knot)代表友谊、爱和好运。(stand for)(2013 新课标全国 书面表达)In China，these Chinese knots stand for friendship，love and good luck.语法填空 There once was a goat and a donkey 1.that lived on a farm.The donkey worked the hardest so the farmer fed it the most 2.food.Sometimes the donkey was given more food 3.than it could eat.This made the goat so jealous 4.that it began plotting against(谋划对付)the donkey.“Hey，donkey，”the goat said one day.“I think you do too much work on this farm.You carry such heavy things from morning to night.Why dont you pretend 5.to get(get)sick so you can take a day 6.off？”The donkey thought the goat had a great idea.So the next morning，the donkey lay in the stable(畜栏)on its side with its eyes 7.closed(close)Right away，the farmer called the 续性动词是高考考查的重点无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中动词辨析的比重都很大并有逐年增加的趋势动词辨析主要指词形相近的动词之间的辨析如等意义相近的动词之间的辨析如等动词与其他词形相近意义相似的词的辨析组训练选词填空学习必备欢迎下载动词短语的考查要点动词短语是指动词和介词副词或名词的习惯搭配需掌握以下要点根据动词短语的不同特点掌握其运用规律动词副词不及物动词副词及物注意如果宾语较长就应避免把副词同动词副词介词注意动词介词动词名词副词动词副词介词这三种搭配都是及物的如变成被动语态不可漏掉介词不能漏掉熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上学习必备 欢迎下载 doctor.8.After looking at the donkey，the doctor said it needed a special medicine made 9.from the heart of a goat.So the farmer killed 10.his/the goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.续性动词是高考考查的重点无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中动词辨析的比重都很大并有逐年增加的趋势动词辨析主要指词形相近的动词之间的辨析如等意义相近的动词之间的辨析如等动词与其他词形相近意义相似的词的辨析组训练选词填空学习必备欢迎下载动词短语的考查要点动词短语是指动词和介词副词或名词的习惯搭配需掌握以下要点根据动词短语的不同特点掌握其运用规律动词副词不及物动词副词及物注意如果宾语较长就应避免把副词同动词副词介词注意动词介词动词名词副词动词副词介词这三种搭配都是及物的如变成被动语态不可漏掉介词不能漏掉熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上