文学名词解释_文学艺术-外国文学.pdf
优质资料 欢迎下载 名词解释 Anapest 抑抑杨格:Its made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables,with the two unstressed ones in front.抑抑扬格：抑抑扬格由两个非重度音节和一个重读音节组成，两个非重度音节在前。Antagonist:A person or force opposing the protagonist in a narrative;a rival of the hero or heroine.反面人物：一个故事中和主人公相对立的人物或一种力量，是男女主人公的对手。Essay：A piece of prose writing,usually short,that deals with a subject in a limited way and expresses a particular point or view.An essay may be serious or humorous,tightly organized or rambling,restrained or emotional.The two general classifications of essay are the informal essay and the formal essay.An informal essay is usually brief and is written as if the writer is talking informally to the reader about some topic,using a conversational style and a personal or humorous tone.By contrast,a formal essay is tightly organized,dignified in style,and serious in tone.小品文：小品文一般都是简短的散文，作家通过有线的篇幅发表自己独特的看法。小品文的风格要么严肃要么幽默，组织或严谨或松散，情感或抒发或藏而不露。小品文大体上又分为正式的和非正式的两种。非正式的小品文一般比较短，使用对话的风格和个人化或幽默的语气，似乎在给读者针对一个话题侃侃而谈。相比之下，正式的小品文则组织严谨，风格高雅，语气严肃。lake poets 湖畔诗人：The three romantic poets who lived in the Lake District of England and、wrote poems about nature.Critical Realism:The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the beginning of fifties.The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality.But they did not find a way to eradicate social evils.批判现实主义：批判现实主义在 19 世纪 40 年代达到高潮。批判现实主义作家们往往把从民主的角度批评和揭露资本主义社会的丑恶视为己任，但他们并没有找到治疗社会弊病的良方。Elegy:A poem of mourning,usually over the death of an individual.An elegy is a type of lyric poem,usually formal in language and structure,and solemn or even melancholy in tone.挽歌：为某个死去的人所做的诗，挽歌往往属于抒情诗，在语言和机构上比较正式，语气上比较庄重甚至是哀伤的 Naturalism:An extreme form of realism.Naturalistic writers usually depict the sordid side of life and show characters who are severely,if not hopelessly,limited by their 优质资料 欢迎下载 environment or heredity.自然主义:自然是现实主义的一种极端形式，自然主义作家往往反映社会生活的阴暗面，人物通常都受到环境遗传的严重限制。Novel:A book-length fictional prose narrative,having many characters and often a complex plot.Realism:The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is,without sentimentalizing or idealizing it.Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary people.This has led,sometimes,to an emphasis on sordid details.现实主义：在文学和艺术中按照生活的本来面目去反映生活，不把它感伤化也不把它完美化，现实主义文学作品往往展现日常生活和普通大众，这就会导致了现实主义文学通常会反映社会的阴暗面。Spenserian stanza:A nine-line stanza with the following rhyme scheme:ababbabcc.The first eight lines are written in iambic pentameter.The ninth line is written in iambic hexameter and is called an alexandrine.斯宾塞诗节：斯宾塞诗节是有九行组成的诗节，其押韵形式通常为 ababbabcc。前八行通常是抑扬格五音步，第九行是抑扬格六音步，有称作亚历山大诗行。Gothic Novel:a story of terror and suspense usually set in a gloomy old castle or monastery.poet laureate 桂冠诗人 A poet honored for his artistic achievement or selected as most representative of his country or era;in England,a court official appointed by the sovereign,whose original duties included the composition of odes in honor of the sovereigns birthday and in celebration of state occasions of importance.William Wordsworth became poet laureate in 1843.Modernism：refers to a form of literature mainly written before WWII.It is characterized by a high degree of experimentation.It can be seen as a reaction against the 19th century forms of Realism.Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works.Often,Modernist writing seems disorganized,hard to understand.It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual,rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator out side the action.One of the most famous English modernist writers is Virginia Woolf.Stream-of-consciousness A literary method of representing mental process in fictional characters,usually in the form of interior monologue.English Romanticism is a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason.The romanticists express a negative attitude towards the existing social or political conditions.They place the individual at the center of art,as can be seen from Lord Byrons Byronic Hero.The key wor ds of English Romanticism are nature and imagination.English Romantic tends to be nationalistic,defending the greatest English 前反面人物一个故事中和主人公相对立的人物或一种力量是男女主人公的对手小品文小品文一般都是简短的散文作家通过有线的篇幅发表自己独特的看法小品文的风格要么严肃要么幽默组织或严谨或松散情感或抒发或藏而不露小品 给读者针对一个话题侃侃而谈相比之下正式的小品文则组织严谨风格高雅语气严肃湖畔人批判现实主义批判现实主义在世纪年代达到高潮批判现实主义作家们往往把从民主的角度批评和揭露资本主义社会的丑恶视为己任但他们并没 重甚至是哀伤的优质资料欢迎下载自然主义自然是现实主义的一种极端形式自然主义作家往往反映社会生活的阴暗面人物通常都受到环境遗传的严重限制现实主义在文学和艺术中按照生活的本来面目去反映生活不把它感伤化也不把优质资料 欢迎下载 writers.They argue that poetry should be free from all rules.前反面人物一个故事中和主人公相对立的人物或一种力量是男女主人公的对手小品文小品文一般都是简短的散文作家通过有线的篇幅发表自己独特的看法小品文的风格要么严肃要么幽默组织或严谨或松散情感或抒发或藏而不露小品 给读者针对一个话题侃侃而谈相比之下正式的小品文则组织严谨风格高雅语气严肃湖畔人批判现实主义批判现实主义在世纪年代达到高潮批判现实主义作家们往往把从民主的角度批评和揭露资本主义社会的丑恶视为己任但他们并没 重甚至是哀伤的优质资料欢迎下载自然主义自然是现实主义的一种极端形式自然主义作家往往反映社会生活的阴暗面人物通常都受到环境遗传的严重限制现实主义在文学和艺术中按照生活的本来面目去反映生活不把它感伤化也不把
