北京市各地区2023届高考英语一模试题分类汇编-04七选五.docx

北京市各地区2023届高考英语一模试题分类汇编-04七选五一、七选五（2023届北京市门头沟区高三综合练习（一）英语试卷）Walking has been considered as one of the best possible exercises. For many people,daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits. 1 A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting.2 You've probably heard the phrase"exercise your creativity”,which referee to the brain as muscle.Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement,which is exactly why walking-with your dog, a friend, or alone-feeds creative thinking.But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat. Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone,which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities. You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood.3 Even when you walk down a busy street, you can't help but get distracted by the sweet smells from a food cart or the child pointing to a building you hadn't even noticed before.Our brains work harder to process indifferent environments. Therefore, walking outside cultivates our ability to collect new ideas and take in new sights,sounds,smells, and flavors. Shinrin-yoku, a common form of relaxation in Japan, suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees can lower your stress levels. 4 Research has shown that immersion in nature and the disconnection from multimedia increased performance on a creative problem-solving task in a group of hikers.So instead of setting a fitness goal, why rot set a creativity goal that just starts with walking outdoors? 5 For example,you can turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world,to hear conversations and natural sounds, and to notice the way people move and the way the sun reflects in a lake. Walk not just for exercise.Walk for wonder.A. In fact,you often fail to do it by yourself.B , Engage more closely with your surroundings.C. Without enough energy, you cannot wonder or create.D. The physical movement during walking is obviously key.transition from our action-oriented workday into a more relaxed evening routine.45 And we can see what takes shape. Some unproductive pathways often can help us feel more creative, refreshed, and alive.A. The functionality is simpler than you might imagine.B. Give ourselves a few minutes to offload our emotions.C. Being focused all the time can eventually lead to less self-control.D. Fortunately, there is a way to stop this kind of always-on mentality.E. It's no surprise that the majority of us feel more exhausted than ever.F. But spending more time on the latter offers a form of "insurance“ for our emotions.G. What's more, this exercise can help give the brain the space to make new connections.试卷第10页，共10页1. G 2. D参考答案:3. E 4. F 5. B【导语】这是一篇说明文。散步被认为是最好的运动之一。对许多人来说，每天散步对身体 和精神都有巨大而长期的好处。然而，这个习惯不仅仅是一个健康的习惯，也是创造力的必 要因素。斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，与坐着相比，走路时人们更有创造力。1. 根据空白处上文“For many people,daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits（对许多人来说，每天散步对身体和精神都有巨大而长期的好处）”以及下文"A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting（斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，与坐着相比，参与者在走路时更有创造力”'可知，此处 上下文说的是走路不仅有益于身体健康，也是有利于创造力的培养，G项“However, this habit isn,t just a healthy habit but a necessary element of creativity（然而，这个习惯不仅是一个健康的 习惯，也是创造力的必要因素）''表达的含义一致，故选G项。2. 根据下文“Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement（我们的创造性思维是由身 体运动引发的）”可知，走路时的身体运动很重要，D项“The physical movement during walking is obviously key（走路时的身体运动显然是关键）”表达的含义一致，讲述身体运动是重要的。 故选D项。3. 根据上文“Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone,which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities（只要走出去， 你就走出了你习惯的环境和舒适区，如果你想打开你的思维，接受新的可能性，这是必要的广 可知此处说的是要到外面去走走，E项“You can walk through a park and observe people relaxing or birds singing（你可以穿过公园，观察人们放松或鸟儿唱歌）”符合语境，承接上文， 故选E项。4. 根据空白处上文“Shinrin-yoku, a common form of relaxation in Japan, suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees can lower your stress levels. （Shinrin yoku 是日本种常 见的放松方式，它建议在森林里和树间散步可以降低你的压力水平厂以及下文“Research has shown that immersion in nature and the disconnection from multimedia increased performance on a creative problem-solving task in a group of hikers.（研究表明，沉浸在大自然中并与多媒体的 脱离提高了一群徒步旅行者创造性解决问题的能力广可知此处上下文说的是在森林中散步 是有益的，但是不在森林中一样可以收到同样的效果，F项“But you don't have to live near a答案第1页，共11页 forest to receive the psychological beneEts.（但你不必住在森林附近才能获得心理上的好处）”符 合语境，承上启下，故选F项。5. 根据下文“For example,you can turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world,to hear conversations and natural sounds, and to notice the way people move and the way the sun reflects in a lake.（例如，你可以关掉手机，让自己有机会出现在这个世界上，听 到对话声和自然的声音，注意人们走动的方式和阳光在湖中的反射方式）”可知，此处说的是 要更加近地走进你周围的环境，B项“Engage more closely with your surroundings（更紧密地参 与你的环境）”符合语境，故选B项。6. C 7. A 8. G 9. B 10. E【导语】这是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水 温度上升的威胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。6. 根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of biodiversity.（珊瑚礁是海洋中的热带雨林。它们规模庞大，同样是生物多 样性的重要避风港。）“可知，此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，所以选项C“它 们是四分之一海洋物种的家园。”切合文意。故选C。7. 根据前文“Heat causes the algae （海藻）with which corals are living together to generate toxins （毒素）that force those coral to leave.（高温会导致与珊瑚共生的藻类产生毒素，迫使珊瑚离 开。厂可知，此处是指这种情况会导致珊瑚死亡。所以选项A“这会导致珊瑚死亡。”切合文 意。故选A。8. 根据前文“Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type.（世界各地的研究小组正在制定行动计划，看看这是否会有所帮助，比如识 别天然耐热珊瑚，并对这种珊瑚进行杂交，以创造一种新的珊瑚。户和后文“Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.（如果不减少碳排放，不减少对当地珊瑚造成伤害的污染，即使是有抵抗力的珊瑚也 无法在本世纪存活。）”可知，此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持，所以选项G “然 而，珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持。”切合文意。故选G。9. 根据后文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在 答案第2页，共11页处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动。厂可知，此处是指情况也有好的趋势， 所以选项B“但我们有理由感到乐观。”切合文意。故选B。10. 根据前文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.（碳排放 目 标正在制定， 海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动。科学的变通方法也可以找 到。自然水流可用于促进大规模繁殖。可以确定最具生态和经济重要性的地点，以最大限度 地降低成本。）"和后文"It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.（它可以作为其他生态 系统的蓝图。厂可知，此处是指这种自然活动和人为干预的结合很有好处，所以选项E“这 种自然活动和人为干预的结合很重要。”切合文意。故选E。11. G 12. D 13. E 14. A 15. C【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了站姿和坐姿不正确的危害以及调整方式。11 . 根据空后“It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it.（它是你身体所有动作的基础，并且能决定你的身体 对压力的适应程度。）”可知，空后的it指代的是G项“你的姿势是你坐着或站着的时候你支 撑身体的方式。''中的your posture,本空介绍了什么是你的姿势，空后说明姿势的功能，故 选G项。12 .根据空前“These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position. （这些压力可以是负重或坐在一个不舒服的位置“可知，空前介绍了身体所承受压力有负 重和坐在不舒服的位置，故D项“我们每天承受的最大压力就是重力”符合，本空进一步介 绍我们每天要承受的压力还有重力，故选D项。13 .根据空前“Some muscles will become tight and inflexible.（一些肌肉会变得紧，变得僵硬。）” 可知，E项“而且，不良的姿势会对你的关节造成额外的磨损。”是空前的顺义承接，空前提 出了不良姿势会让身体肌肉变得紧，变得僵硬，本空的“Besides"，进一步说明不良姿势会造 成关节的额外磨损，故选E项。14 .根据空前“But what if your posture can't be that great?（但是，如果你的姿势不可能那么好 呢？）“和空后"For example, adjust your screen so it's at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported4例如，调整屏幕，使其处于或略 答案第3页，共11页低于眼镜水平。确保你的身体的所有部位，如肘部和手腕，都得到支撑。户可知，空前提出 问题，空后举例说明要调整屏幕，故A项“试着重新调整你的环境”符合，如果姿势不能那 么好，那就选择调整环境你，故选A项。15 . 根据空前“In fact, being still fbr long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture.（事实上，以良好的姿势长时间静止可能比以不良姿势进行有规律 的运动更糟糕。）”可知，空前提出了良好姿势的长时间静止比以不良姿势运动更糟糕，故C 项“因此，如果你经常坐着，偶尔要站起来走动一下“符合，空前提出了长时间静止对身体并 不好，故要偶尔站起来走动一下，故选C项。16 . B 17. E 18. C 19. A 20. G【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出“技术乐观主义”试图用技术解决当前的气候问题，作者 用电动汽车的例子来证明这种想法似乎是没用的。改变我们的社会运作方式，以及人们的生 活方式才是解决问题的关键所在。16. 根据上文“With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious.（随着气候变化的持续恶化，我们的情况开始变得越来越严重广可知，气 候问题持续恶化，人类的情况开始变得越来越严重。由此推知，人类可能会采取解决气候问 题的办法。 结合下文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our cuiTent problems.（当谈到确保我们未来的解决方案时，技术乐观主义是最大的误解之一。 它可以被定义为相信未来的技术将解决我们当前的所有问题）“可知，人们试图依靠技术来解 决气候问题。B项“The modern world's simple solution is technology.（现代世界的简单解决方案 就是技术广符合题意。故选B。17. 空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our cuiTent problems. This definition reinforces （强化）the idea that there9s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic.（当谈到确保我们未来的解决方案时，技术乐观主 义是最大的误解之一。它可以被定义为相信未来的技术将解决我们当前的所有问题。这个定 义强化了这样一种观点，即没有理由恐慌或改变我们当前的能源密集型生活方式。社会所需 要做的就是期待绿色技术发挥其魔力）“可知，上文提到了“没有理由恐慌或改变我们当前的 答案第4页，共11页能源密集型生活方式”这种观点，由此推知，下文应对这种观点进行评价。E项“Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.（不幸的是，这是一个极其危险的观点）”符合题 意。故选E。18. 根据上文“One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car.Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury.（电动汽车就是这种乐观误解的最好例子之一。尽管电动 汽车被高度认为是一种环保的出行方式，但它并不是未来交通的终点。电动汽车中的电池使 用的化学元素到本世纪中叶可能会出现短缺）“可知，上文提到了电动汽车的弊端。结合本段 主要谈论“乐观误解”推知，空处应继续对电动汽车的弊端进行陈述。C项“Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produced此外，它们的生产更耗能）”符合题意。故选Co 19.空处位于段首，应为本段主旨句或引出本段内容。根据下文“Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars, Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.（投资公共交通，远离个人拥有 的车辆。生产更少的汽车，改善旧电池的回收利用做法。我们寻求的解决方案不应该植根于 新技术，而应该改变我们社会的运作方式广可知，作者认为我们应该改变社会的运作方式， 这才是解决气候问题的办法。A项"So where should we look for answers instead?（那么，我们 应该在哪里寻找答案呢？户符合题意，引出本段内容，下文是对该问题的回答。故选A。20. 根据上文“Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints.（技术乐观主义过于强调技术，而对我们现在能做的事情却不够重视。不幸的是，人们 似乎喜欢技术乐观主义所描绘的画面）"和下文"It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly.（重要 的是要理解，当我们将这些技术视为使我们当前的生活方式环保的一种方式时，问题就开始 了）“可知，人们似乎更喜欢依靠技术解决问题，当我们把技术视为当前的环保生活方式时， 问题就开始了。由此可知，要解决气候问题，不能只依靠技术，关键是要从很大程度上改变 我们的生活方式。G 项“Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles4然而，事实是，我们需要广泛改变我们的生活方式广符合题意。故选G。21. E 22. F 23. G 24. D 25. B答案第5页，共11页【导语】这是一篇说明文。给读者提供建议，如何解决孩子因为害怕在他人面前呈现自己的 无能而不愿提问寻求帮助这一问题。21. 上文“Adults are often embarrassed about asking fbr aid. Ifs an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe.（成年人在寻求援助时常常感到尴尬。这是一种会让人们感到情绪不安全 的行为。）”指出，成年人不愿意寻求帮助，是因为会让他们感到情绪不安全。下文“Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence.（寻求帮助可能会让人觉得你在 散播自己的无能。）”指出，寻求帮助会让人觉得你无能。选项E“The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost.（毕竟，当你问路的那一刻，你就表明你迷路 了。）“延续上文，以问路表明自己的迷路这一例子呈现出为什么会让人感到情绪不安全，也 呈现出下文所说的表明了"你''的无能，故符合语境。故选E项。22. 上文“But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom.（但我们的研究表明，早在七岁时丁孩子们就开始将寻求帮助与在他人面前看起来 无能联系起来。在某些时候，每个孩子都在教室里挣扎。）”指出，孩童也会讲寻求帮助和让 他人觉得自己无能联系起来。选项 F“But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer.（但是，如果他们因为同学在看而不敢寻求帮助， 学习就会受到影响。）”进一步指出，如果孩子因为害怕呈现出自己的无能而不寻求帮助，这 会带来不良影响。故选F项。23. 上文“In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test.（在一项研究中,我们 告诉孩子们，两个孩子在测试中都表现不佳。户指出，在一个研究中，参与者得知了有两个 孩子在测试中表现不佳这一情况。选项G"We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help.（然后,我彳门问这些 角色中哪一个更有可能在课堂前举手向老师寻求帮助。户延续上文，继续指出这个研究的下 一个动作为：判断这两个孩子谁更有可能寻求老实的帮助。故选G项。24. 下文“Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately.（教!）市可以 给孩子们更多的机会私下寻求帮助。户指出，教师应该多私下提供机会帮助孩子们。选项 D"Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions.（此类声誉障碍可能需要 基于声誉的解决方案。户指出，这类问题的解决需要一些特定的方案，下文是对这一表述的 具体建议之一，故此句符合该语境要求。故选D项。答案第6页，共11页25. 上文“They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior.（他们还应该帮助学生认识到在别人面前提问是一种正常的、积极的行为。广 指出，要教育学生认识到在他人面前提问是正常的行为。选项B“Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable.（寻求帮助甚至可以被认为是社会所需要的。户指出寻求帮助是这 会所需要的，这进一步佐证上文观点，让“在他人面前提问是正常积极的行为”这一观点根据 可信度，符合语境。故选B项。26. A 27. F 28. E 29. G 30. B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着年龄的增长我们问问题的欲望不断减少的原 因和和应对策略。26.上文“Once upon a time, we were all question-asking experts.（曾几何时，我们都是提问专 家。厂提到了曾经的我们都爱问问题，并列举了一系列曾经问过的问题。下文“Whydoesthe child's urge to ask questions grow inactive in so many adults?（为什么在许多成年人身上，孩子 问问题的冲动变得不活跃了?）”提到了现在情况发生了转折，A选项中inquiring与上文的问 题呼应，dispear与下文的inactive呼应，所以A选项“然后，在某个时刻，我们的探究欲望 消失了。''承上启下，符合题意。故选A项。27. 下文“And we recognize that society rewards the people who propose to have the answers.（我 们认识到，社会会奖励那些提出答案的人。户提到了那些提出答案的人，F选项中whatwe know与下文那些提出答案的人呼应，所以F选项“我们学会在就业市场上用我们知道的东西 来推销自己，而不是我们不知道的东西。”能引起下文内容，符合语境。故选F项。28. 下文“We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their curiosity, too. In that encouragement, we help create an environment where those around us feel safe to ask questions.（我们可以更勇敢地在公共场合提问，也可以鼓励其他人追求自己的 好奇心。在这种鼓励下，我们帮助创造一种环境，让我们周围的人可以放心地提出问题。y 提到了创造提问的环境，E选项中mosphere是关键词，与下文的environment相呼应，所以 E 选项“As such, one way to renew our inquiring spirit is to change the atmosphere（因止匕， 要，恢复 我们的探究精神，一个方法就是改变氛围）''能概括下文内容。故选E项。29. 上文“We can also practice asking questions of and fbr ourselves by keeping a running list of questions in a journal.（我们也可以通过在日记中记录问题列表来练习问自己问题。户提到了通 过日记记录问题，G选项中a place是关键词语上文的journal呼应，所以G选项“这不仅消 答案第7页，共11页除了提问的公共性，还为我们提供了一个实验的场所。”能承接上文内容，符合语境。故选 G项。30. 上文“In the world that does not look much as it did years ago, we must ask questions.（在这个 与多年前大不相同的世界里，我们必须提出问题。）提到了世界的变化，B选项中change 是关键词与上文呼应，所以B选项“这是一种高回报的行为，尤其是在变革时期。”能呼应上 文内容。故选B项。31. F 32. D 33. C 34. G 35. B【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一个能帮助人们从创伤中愈合的方法表达性 写作。31. 上文“Expressive writing or journaling is one way to help you heal from trauma （创伤）.（表达 性写作或日志是帮助你从创伤中愈合的一种方法广提到表达性写作,F项“这是发自内心的写 作，是关于与某一事件相关的情感''进一步解释