2022-2023学年天津市天津中学高二上学期期末英语试题（解析版）.docx

2022-2023学年天津中学高二年级第一学期期末质量检测英语试卷听力部分一、短对话（每题1分，共5题）1. How does the man feel?A. Lonely. B. Excited. C. Happy.2. When does the football match start?A. At 6: 00. B. At 8: 00. C. At 10: 00.3. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A football match. B. A TV programme. C. A training method.4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A forest. B. A unique plant. C. Apiece of furniture.5. Where will the woman put her plants?A. In her backyard. B. In her window. C. On her balcony.二、长对话（每题1分，共10题）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。6. What is the talk mainly about?A. The location of plastic roads.B. The introduction to plastic roads.C. The companies of making plastic roads.7. In which city might we find a plastic road according to the talk?A. London. B. Tokyo. C. Hong Kong.8. How can the bike paths in the two cities of the Netherlands be described?A. Mainly concrete. B. Partly plastic. C. Entirely plastic.9. What is an advantage of plastic roads?A. They don't break down. B. They use waste plastic. C. They are harmless.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。10. What does the speaker mainly tell us?A. The organ of the bees. B. An expression. C. A joke.11. How often is “the bee's knees" used now?长；B. increase 增加；C. decline 下降、减少；D. boom 繁荣。根据 uand many other species appear headed toward extinction."可知，两句为并列递进关系，所以前文提到的人们还需继续努力，才能确保仙鹤不被灭 绝的原因是“仙鹤数量在减少”符合语境。故选C。【31题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：相反，不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想，有感情，最重要的是，有平 等的生存权利。A. After all毕竟；B. By the way顺便说一句；C. In addition此外；D. In contrast与此相 反。根据前文“more efforts must be made”可知，作者认为人们应给更加努力来保护野生动物，但是事实 是不是每个人都能意识到这些的，所以这里用“相反”符合语境。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们怎样才能缩小我们与其他动物之间不断扩大的鸿沟呢？ A. open打开；B. leave离开、留下；C. identify识别、确认；D. bridge消除（隔阂）、弥合（分歧）。根据第五段“not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.”可矢口， 不 是每个人都能意识到野生动物是有思想、感情和平等生存的权利的，说明人们和动物之间是有鸿沟的，所 以作者提出如何才能消缩小这种鸿沟。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：克里斯和蒂姆给了我们答复。A. reward酬谢、回报；B. reply回答、答复；C. award 奖品；D. requirement 要求。根据上一句 “How can we 17 the ever-widening gap thatseparates us from other animals? ”作者提出了问题，所以这里是二人给出了回答。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人类想当然地认为他们的大脑拥有所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为 更好的向导。A. programs程序、项目；B. actions行为、行动；C. brains大脑；D. performances表演。根 据下文中“hearts”并结合句意可知，这里应用“brains”与其相对应，表达不能光有想法，还要用心做 事。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人类想当然地认为他们的大脑拥有所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为 更好的向导。A. guide向导；B. companion伙伴；C. colleague同事；D. example例子。根据第五段“not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.,可知, 人 们没有意识到野生动物有思想和情感，拥有平等生存的权利，所以要想缩小人类与它们之间的鸿沟，就要 从心里上认识到这些问题，这样才能真正解决问题。所以说人们的心可能才是解决问题的向导。故选A。五、阅读理解（每题2分，共20题）A“Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity,said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. Tve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it's probably worth listening to.Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting fbr the opportunity to come to you. If you're a Chinese, you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.A book by the UK psychologist Richard Wiseman, called The Luck Factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. It9s most about going to a temple to burn some incense in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune, but practical advice you can follow each day.Wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. First he divided volunteers into two groups: those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, "Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper/9 was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message.It's easy to compare this situation to a young person looking fbr jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are "lucky"，in fact, keep an open mind and don't go through the same routine every day.In a word, try to turn bad luck into good. Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English.36. Which of the followings most agrees with the writer's point?A. Success is for those who are prepared.B. Rome was not built in a day.C. All is not gold that shines.D. A good heart defeats ill fortune.37. What do you know about Oprah Winfrey?A. She became famous through her family background.B. She was very lucky and seldom suffered difficulties in her life.C. She is a British talk show host.D. She became successful by her own effort.38. The writer quoted the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show.A. man can defeat matureB. luck is your own handC. bad luck can turn into goodD. never waiting for the chance to come39. From the experiment Wiseman drew the conclusion thatA. lucky people are quick-mindedB. unlucky people are slow to readC. lucky people often have an open mindD. unlucky people are more creative40. The underlined word "spot" is the closest in meaning to “A. DiscoverB. MarkC. MakeD. Receive【答案】36.A37. D 38. D 39. C 40. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了运气属于有准备的人，介绍了和幸运相关的一项研究，指出 “幸运”的人，其实是保持开放的心态，每天都不走同样的路，应该试着把坏运气变成好运气。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段 “"Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity,said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. Tve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it's probably worth listenings （美国脱口秀主持人奥普拉温弗瑞说：“运气就是准备遇上机会。"我从来没看过她的节 目，但当一个白手起家的亿万富翁给出人生建议时，或许值得一听）”推知，作者会同意A选项“成功属 于有准备的人”这个观点。故选A。【37题详解】2田节理解题。根据第段中 “I've never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it's probably worth listening to.（我从来没看过她的节目，但当一个白手起家的亿万富翁给出人生建议时，或许 值得一听）”可知，Oprah Winfrey靠自己的努力获得了成功。故选D。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 “Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If you,re a Chinese, you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.（她的观点是，盲目的运气是非常罕见的。你可能会幸运地找到一份好工作，但这并不意味着 你应该坐在家里等待机会来找你。如果你是一个中国人，你可能已经熟悉了这样一个故事：一个农民在树 桩旁等待一只兔子跑出来折断它的脖子）”推知，作者引用“守株待兔”的故事来进一步说明个人努力的重 要性，绝不要等着机会到来。故选D。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 “People who are "lucky”, in fact, keep an open mind and don't go through the same routine every day.（“幸运”的人，其实是保持开放的心态，每天都不走同样的路）”可知，怀斯曼从实 验中得出结论：幸运的人往往思想开放。故选C。【40题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段中 “On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, "Stop counting. There are 43 photoglyphs in this newspaper/9 was written in big letters.(平均而言，不幸的人花了大约两分钟来 数照片，而幸运的人只花了几秒钟。为什么？在报纸的第二页上，一条命令：“停止计数。这份报纸上有 43张照片，”他用大写字母写道)”可知，幸运的人只花了几秒钟就发现了这条信息，而不幸的人大多没 有发现这个信息。故画线词意思是“发现”。故选A。BFire ants are famous for their construction projects (as well as their burning bites). When they need to, colonies of these insects turn themselves into ladders, chains and walls. And when flood water rises, a colony can float to safety by making an unusual boat. The ants hold tightly to each other, forming a floating disk atop the water. The antraft may float for months seeking safe harbor. The ants on the bottom don't drown, and the ants on the top stay dry. Working together, the ants float to safety - even though a single ant alone in the water will struggle to survive.“They have to stay together as a colony to survive." Nathan Mlot said.Fire ants and water don't mix. The anfs hard outer shell, naturally repels water. A drop of water can sit on top of the ant like a backpack. When an ant does end up underwater, tiny hairs on its body can trap bubbles of air that give the bug a boost up.To investigate the science behind the antraft, the scientists placed hundreds or thousands of ants at a time in the water. A group of ants took about 100 seconds, on average, to build a raft. The researchers repeated the experiment multiple times. Each time, the ants organized themselves the same way, creating a raft about the size and the thickness of a thin pancake. The rafts were flexible and strong, staying together even when the researchers pushed the rafts underwater.The scientists then froze the rafts in liquid nitrogen and studied them under powerful microscopes to figure out how the ants kept everyone safe and the water out.The team found that some ants used their jaws to bite other ants9 legs. Other ants joined their legs together. Thanks to these tight bonds, say the scientists, the ants did a better job at keeping the water away than any one ant could do on its own. By working together, thousands of ants can stay alive in the face of a crisis like a flood by using their own bodies to build a boat.41. When flood comes, fire ants.A. will run away separatelyC. combine themselves into a raftB. find a hole to hide themselvesD. climb onto boats on the water42. What makes fire ants stay afloat?A. Tiny hairs on their body.B. Their hard outer shell.C. Their slippery skin.D. Their backpack on its body top.43. After scientists put fire ants into the water, they.A. built a raft in 100 minutesB. organized themselves into a flexible raftC. organized themselves in different waysD. liked to look for the food of pancakes44. The story of fire ants proves the importance of.A. practiceB. calmnessC. cooperationD. speed45. The purpose of writing this text is to introduce.A. how fire ants react in face of dangerB. fire ants' differences from common antsC. fire ants9 ability to live underwaterD. the building ability of fire ants【答案】4LC42. A 43. B 44. C 45. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火蚁在洪水来临时，会聚集成筏子。研究人员研究了让它们保 持漂浮的原因以及它们的合作精神。41题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中 “And when flood water rises, a colony can float to safety by making an unusual boat. The ants hold tightly to each other, forming a floating disk atop the water.（当洪水上涨时，蜂群可以通过制 造一艘不寻常的船漂浮到安全的地方。蚂蚁们紧紧地抱在一起，在水面上形成一个漂浮的圆盘）”可知，当 洪水来临时，火蚁会聚集成筏子。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 “When an ant does end up underwater, tiny hairs on its body can trap bubbles of air that give the bug a boost up.（当一只蚂蚁最终沉入水中时，它身上的细小毛发可以捕获气泡，给它一个助推 器）”可知，火蚁身上的细小毛发让火蚁保持漂浮。故选A。43题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段 “To investigate the science behind the ant raft, the scientists placed hundreds or thousands of ants at a time in the water. A group of ants took about 100 seconds, on average, to build a raft. The researchers repeated the experiment multiple times. Each time, the ants organized themselves the same way, creating a raft about the size and the thickness of a thin pancake. The rafts were flexible and strong, staying together even when the researchers pushed the rafts underwater.（为了研究蚂蚁筏背后的科学，科学家们把成百 上千只蚂蚁同时放入水中。一群蚂蚁建造一个筏子平均需要100秒。研究人员重复了多次实验。每一次， 蚂蚁都以同样的方式组织自己，创造出一个薄煎饼大小和厚度的筏子。这些木筏既柔韧又坚固，即使研究 人员把木筏推到水下，它们也能保持在一起）”可知，科学家们将火蚁放入水中后，它们将自己组织成一个 灵活的筏子。故选B。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段"The team found that some ants used their jaws to bite other ants9 legs. Other ants joined their legs together. Thanks to these tight bonds, say the scientists, the ants did a better job at keeping the water away than any one ant could do on its own. By working together, thousands of ants can stay alive in the face of a crisis like a flood by using their own bodies to build a boat.（研究小组发现，一些蚂蚁用它们的下颗咬其他 蚂蚁的腿。其他蚂蚁把它们的腿连在一起。科学家们说，多亏了这些紧密的纽带，蚂蚁在防水方面比任何 一只蚂蚁都做得更好。通过共同努力，成千上万的蚂蚁可以在面对洪水这样的危机时用自己的身体建造一 艘船，从而存活下来）”可知，火蚁的故事证明了合作的重要性。故选C。45题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Fire ants are famous for their construction projects （as well as their burning bites）.（火蚁以它们的建筑工程（以及它们灼烧的叮咬）而闻名）”结合文章主要介绍了火蚁在洪水来临时， 会聚集成筏子。研究人员研究了让它们保持漂浮的原因以及它们的合作精神。可推知，写这篇文章的目的 是介绍火蚁的建筑能力。故选D。CStudies have shown that a good night's rest helps us stay healthy, both mentally and physically. And researchers say sleep is probably the best tool we have for memory and learning.Michael Twery is an expert on the science of sleep and sleep disorders. He told me that a good nighfs sleep helps to learn better. "Getting a good night's sleep is important for the learning and memory process because it stores the training exercises and the learning exercises into our more permanent （持久的）memory while we' re sleeping 7-8 hours in bed. And then the next morning when you wake up, your mind is better prepared to act on that information.But what about getting rest during the middle of the day? Short periods of sleep may help our brains work better or so, says a recent study on napping.Past studies have shown that napping can help babies and young children learn better. And napping can help brain performance in older adults. Taking a nap may also help this group of people fight off age-related memory loss.Researchers recently looked at information provided by nearly 3,000 Chinese adults, aged 65 years or older.They wanted to learn if napping after a mid-day meal had any effect on the mental performance of the subjects.Nearly 60 percent of those 3,000 people said they did take a nap after lunch and that their naps lasted anywhere from 30 to 90 minutes. Most of the subjects said they napped for about an hour.The study found that people who took an hour-long nap did much better on mental tests than those who did not nap. The hour-long nappers also did better on the tests than those who napped for shorter and longer periods.Keep in mind, however, that these are the findings for those over the age of 65. Yet Doctor Michael Twery notes that an hour long nap may be too long fbr young, healthy adults. "Currently, we're recommending that we try to sleep for about 30 minutes or less. And 30 minutes is enough to remove the pressure to sleep and will help us feel more awake. If we nap longer, we will get trapped into those deeper layers of sleep, which can be hard to get out of.”46. According to Twery, why does a good night's sleep help to learn better?A. Because it helps to remember clearly.B. Because it helps to think deeply.C. Because it can help act quickly.D. Because it helps to remember longer and act more effectively.47. Whafs the meaning of nap?A. A long time sleep during daytime.C. A short time sleep during the night.48. What kind of people does nap help?A. Students.C. Old people.B. A short time sleep during daytime.D. A long time sleep during the night.B. Babies.D. Babies, young children and the old.49. What may help old people decrease memory loss because of age?A. 8 hours9 night's sleep.B. A good night's sleep.C. Napping during the middle of the day.D. Long time sleep during the midd