2022-2023学年山西省忻州市高一下学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

高一英语试题注意事项：1 .答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号 涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答 案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上 的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读 下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.答案是C.1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】When did the woman meet Anna?A. At 7:55.B. At 7:58.C. At 8:02.【答案】B【解析】【原文】 M： Did you and Anna really meet at exactly five minutes to eight in front of the theater?W ： No. It was two minutes to eight, to be exact.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Which place is the woman looking for?A. The store.B. The movie theater.C. The railwaystation.【答案】C【解析】【原文】 W： Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the railway station, please?C. They are more likely to be good friends.D. They have more precious social resources. 31. What would be the best title for the text? A. How Do People Choose Their Friends?B. More Friends Are Not Necessarily BetterC. Why Do People Like Having More Friends?D. People With More Friends Are More Popular【答案】28 D 29. D 30. A 31. B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一项研究表明，拥有太多的朋友对你可能并没有好处。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句中“Once people see how popular you are, theyll want to join that popular circle, perhaps in the hope that some of your popularity will rub off on them. ” （旦 人们看到你很受欢迎，他们就会想加入这个受欢迎的圈子，也许是寄希望于通过你的受欢迎 程度去rub off on伸d门。）可知，因为你的受欢迎，使得人们想加入到这个受欢迎的圈子，即 你对他们有了影响，由此可知，划线短语rub off on,意为“影响"。短语：have an effect on “对有影响”，与划线短语同义，故选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段 “In fact, a new study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology shows that having too many friends may work against you. In a series of experiments, the authors prove that people usually prefer to befriend those who have fewer friends than they do, rather than those with more friends. The authors call this phenomenon the "friend-number paradox（悖论）”, which is also the title of their new paper. "（实际上，发表在人格与社会心理 学杂志上的一项新的研究表明，朋友太多可能对你不利。作者通过一系列的实验证明，人 们通常更愿意与那些比他们的朋友少的人交朋友，而不是有更多的朋友的人。这就是“朋友 数量悖论”，这也是它们新的论文的标题。）可知，“朋友数量悖论”表明朋友太多可能对你 不利，即有太多朋友带来的麻烦。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句 "Friendship goes hand in hand with certain responsibilities and expectations. And people with lots of friends may not be able to fulfill those responsibilities一especially those w汕 too many friends."（友谊与某些责任和期望密切相关。有很多朋友的人可能无法履行这些责任，特别是那些朋友太多的人。）可知，有很多朋 友的人可能会无法履行责任。故选A。31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第三段In fact, a new study published in the Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology shows that having too many friends may work against you. In a series of experiments, the authors prove that people usually prefer to befriend those who have fewer friends than they do, rather than those with more friends. The authors call this phenomenon the "friend-number paradox（悖论）”，which is also the title of their new paper. ”（发表在人格与 社会心理学杂志上的一项新的研究表明，朋友太多可能对你不利。作者通过一系列的实验 证明，人们通常更愿意与那些比他们的朋友少的人交朋友，而不是有更多的朋友的人。这就 是“朋友数量悖论”，这也是它们新的论文的标题。）可知，本文介绍了一项研究结果：拥有 太多的朋友对你可能并没有好处。故选B。DSchools in US are huge consumers of energy. According to ENERGY STAR, K- 12 schools spend more than $6 billion every year on energy, far more than the amount spent on other resources, and at least 30 percent of this energy is used inefficiently or needlessly.Realizing that, some schools are seeking measures to save energy in several ways, from low-cost adjustments, such as turning off lights in unused rooms, to large-scale projects, such as turning to green equipment.As solar energy is becoming a more financial choice for powering buildings, more schools are making the move toward the renewable energy and using solar panels（太阳能电池板）on their rooftops. According to an online solar marketplace EnergySage, schools have their strong points to use solar energy. They often have the kind of enough space, suitable locations that are perfect for setting up solar panels.In September 2020, a nonprofit Generation 180 released its third edition of a study on solar use in US schools. The findings showed that more than 7, 300, or 55 percent, of K- 12 public and private schools used solar energy, the number has increased by 81 percent since 2014.They also described how solar schools were saving millions in energy bills, and provided several cases to show the increased savings achieved by solar-powered school districts. For example, an Arkansas school district used its every year's energy savings of nearly $100, 000 to increase its teachers' salaries.The Interstate Renewable Energy Council, which tracks the number of K- 12 schools with solar equipment and helps schools go solar, says on its website that schools with solar setups have an opportunity to educate students about clean energy, and show them that they are de- voted to do something for students1 and the planets health and future.Third-party ownership also makes funding for 79 percent of schools to use solar energy possible, meaning a majority of schools doift have to spend large amounts of money but can get the rewards of solar energy.32. How does the author lead in the topic of the text in the first paragraph? A. By raising a problem.B. By giving an example.C. By making a comparison.D. By offering an evidence.33. What is the advantage of using solar energy for the schools in US?A. Free access to using solar energy.B. Enough space to fix solar equipment.C. Financial support from solar marketplace.D. Being the largest consumers of the energy.34. What effect does using solar energy have on the schools?A. Increasing their operating expense B. Threatening their teachers* income.C. Raising the students* environmental awareness.D. Reducing their total amount of energy consuming.35. Which word can best describe the schools* using solar energy?A. AchievableB. Doubtful.C. Challenging.D.Worrying.【答案】32.A33. B 34. C 35. A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。美国的基础教育学校的能源消耗量越来越大，这导致学校的运营成 本越来越高。学校正寻求使用太阳能来解决这个问题。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第段 u Schools in US are huge consumers of energy. According to ENERGY STAR, K- 12 schools spend more than $6 billion every year on energy, far more than the amount spent on other resources, and at least 30 percent of this energy is used inefficiently or needlessly.（美 国的学校是能源消耗大户。根据“能源之星”的数据，K-12学校每年在能源上的花费超过 60亿美元，远远超过在其他资源上的花费，其中至少30%的能源被低效或不必要地使用。）” 可知，美国的基础教育学校每年在能源上的花费巨大，浪费也很严重。文章接下来就谈到了 使用太阳能来解决这个问题。故文章是以提问题的方式引出文章主题的。故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 "They often have the kind of enough space, suitable locations that are perfect for setting up solar panels.（它们通常有足够的空间,合适的位置，非常适合安 装太阳能电池板。）”可知，学校往往有足够的空间和合适的位置来安装太阳能电池板。故 选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中"schools with solar setups have an opportunity to educate students about clean energy, and show them that they are de- voted to do something for students1 and the planet's health and future.（有太阳能设施的学校有机会教育学生有关清洁能源的知识，并向他 们展示他们致力于为学生和地球的健康和未来做些事情。）”可知，配备了太阳能的学校可 以利用这个机会来让学生了解清洁能源的知识，这有利于提高学生的环保意识。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 “As solar energy is becoming a more financial choice for powering buildings, more schools are making the move toward the renewable energy and using solar panels（太阳能电池板）on their rooftops.（随着太阳能越来越成为为建筑物供电的经济选择，越 来越多的学校开始转向可再生能源，在屋顶上使用太阳能电池板。）”和最后一段“Third-party ownership also makes funding for 79 percent of schools to use solar energy possible, meaning a majority of schools don't have to spend large amounts of money but can get the rewards of solar energy.（第三方所有权也为79%的学校提供了使用太阳能的资金，这意味着大多数学校不必 花费大量资金，但可以获得太阳能的回报。）”可知，美国的基础教育学校有利用太阳能的 空间和位置方面的优势，也有资金扶持。因此，这些学校使用太阳能的做法是行得通的。故 选Ao第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分,满分12. 5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两 项为多余选项。Have you ever been in a situation when you are unwilling to can*y out the tasks that need to be done? 36 Though it often happens to us for various reasons, there are still some ways to overcome it.Jump out of bed at the beginning of the day. Research tells us that turning off the alarm clock and going back to sleep are bad for us. You might think lying there and enjoying the warmth of the covers would make you more energized later, but the opposite happens. 37 Instead, jump out of bed and start your morning routine.38 By setting yourself some worthy yet practical goals, you will have somethingto look forward to. Pick goals which really inspire you and that make the most of your talents and skills. This will provide an inspired start to your day, and push you to overcome your laziness and act to realize your dreams.Tell yourself you can do something. Action changes everything. One moment you're passive （被动的）and frozen, but the next you're changing things, simply because you act. You are not decided by what went on before. If you do feel stuck, try telling yourself your action statements: I am up at once and I am productive! And definitely no “if only statements. 39Celebrate success and milestones. 40 This will help keep you from being lazy because you are seeing the fruits of your labor. You may feel less motivated to do something if it feels insignificant.A. This is often considered laziness.B. Set some goals that are likely to be achieved.C. We are actually more tired throughout the day.D. Such a board can be used to fully map out your dreams.E. Make a list of reasons why you want to accomplish tasks.F. You can reward yourself with small gifts for the job well done.G. Those are for people who truly don't want to be satisfied in life【答案】36. A 37. C 38. B 39. G 40. F【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了四种克服懒惰的方法。【36题详解】根据前文 “Have you ever been in a situation when you are unwilling to carry out the tasks that need to be done?（你有没有遇到过这样的情况：你不愿意完成需要完成的任务？）”可知，此处提 出问题，后文应该对该问题进行回答。A选项"This is often considered laziness.（这通常被认 为是懒惰。）”则是对前文的回答，符合语境。故选A。【37题详解】根据前文的 “ You might think lying there and enjoying the warmth of the covers would make you more energized later, but the opposite happens.（你可能认为躺在床上享受被窝的温暖会让你之 后更有活力,但事实恰恰相反。）”可知，后文应该提及恰恰相反的内容。C选项“Weareactually more tired throughout the day.（*$±,我们整天都更累。）”指出躺在床上享受被窝的温暖不 会让你之后更有活力，而是更疲惫，符合语境，与下文“ Instead, jump out of bed and start your morning routine.（相反，从床上跳起来，开始你早上的日常事务。）”是转折关系。故选C。【38题详解】本空是本段的中心句子。根据后文的 “By setting yourself some worthy yet practical goals, you will have something to look forward to.（通过给自己设定一些有价值且实际的目标，你就会有 所期待。）”可知，本段围绕的是设置目标而展开。B选项“Set some goals that are likely to be achieved.（设定一些有可能实现的目标。）”概括本段，指出设定一些可实现的目标，引起下 文。故选B。【39题详解】根据前文“ If you do feel stuck, try telling yourself your action statements: I am up at once and I am productive! And definitely no “if only" statements.（如果你的确感觉被困住了，试着告诉自己你 的行动宣言：我马上起床，我很有效率！而且绝对没有“如果”的说法。）”可知，此 处讲述给自己做心理暗示很重要。G选项“Those are for people who truly don!t want to be satisfied in life（这些是为那些真正不想在生活中感到满足的人准备的）”指出，那些说“如 果”的人们是那些真正不想在生活中满足的人准备的。前后呼应。故选G。【40题详解】根据前文“Celebrate success and milestones.（庆祝成功和里程碑。）”可知，此处强调的是庆祝摆脱懒惰带来的影响。F 选项 “You can reward yourself with small gifts for the job well done.（你可以用一些小礼物来奖励自己的出色工作。）”呼应主题“庆祝成功和里程碑:故 选Fo第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填人空白处的1 佳选项。A 7-year-old girl, Bella Smith, had thought all kids had a happy childhood like her. Then one day she was told that a girl of her age had never 41 a birthday party because her family couldn't 42 it. Hearing that, she felt, 43 to her family for being able to hold birthday parties for her, but she also felt sorry for those who couldn't even had a birthday celebration because of 44 issues.So she went to her mom Mariana Evans, and they 45 an idea. Thafs how they decided to start Bella's Boxes, a（n） 46 through which they made birthday boxes for children whose families were badly off.The boxes were 47 with balloons, cake mix, candies, and sprinkles inside. Most of these were donated by the local community. Bella couldn't be shocked more that the community had joined in her 48.As the girl's mother 49, Bella is always ready to reach out to help others in need. Bella,whose birthday is on March 26, only asks for more 50 for her project every year.51. the girl had to stop her project for a while because of the pandemic（流行病）,thoughthey had already more than 70 birthday boxes 52. By that day, she had already handed out300 boxes.The girl has melted （融化）hearts of millions53 her kindness and she was highly spokenof over the years online "You are so 54 ! Thank you fbr what you are doing,“ someone wrote, while someone else commented（评 论），“You are a shining light in dark times and you really make a5541. A. planned imagined42. A. accept43. A. important44. A. economic45. A. put up with46. A. project47. A. connectedto those kids!”B. missedB. affordB. dangerousB. physicalB. took upB. survivalB. filledC. enjoyedC. requireC. harmfulC. nienlalC. came up withC. adventureC. comparedD.D. approveD. gratefulD. publicD. lived upD. festivalD. covered48. A. game49. A. explains considers50. A. arguments discounts51. A. Importantly Generally52. A. improved53. A. due towith54. A. frightening55. A. wish【答案】41.C50. C 51. B【解析】42. B52. DB. recordB. requestsB. suggestionsB. UnfortunatelyB. orderedB. except forB. amazingB. face43. D44. A53. A54. BC.hobbyC. schedulesC. donationsC. GraduallyC. postedC. apart fromC. wiseC. difference45. C 46. A55. CD.causeD.D.D.D. packedD. alongD. curiousD. decision48. D 49. A【导语】本文是记叙文。Bella Smith得知和她同龄的孩子因家庭经济困难无法举办生日聚会 而感到难过。随后，在她的妈妈和社区的支持下，她开始了她的公益事业，为贫困家庭的孩 子送生日礼物。41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天有人告诉她，一个和她同龄的女孩从来没有享受过生日聚会, 因为她的家庭负担不起。A. planned计划；B. missed错过；C. enjoyed喜欢；享受；D. imagined 享受。结合下文 “she also felt sorry for those who couldn't even had a birthday celebration v可 知，此处指这位女孩不能享受生日聚会。故选C。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. accept接受;B.afford支付得起;C.require要求;D.approve 同意。结合下文 “she also felt sorry for those who couldn't even had a birthday celebration可 推知，女孩家不能支付得起举办生日聚会的费用。故选B。【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听到这些，她对她的家人能够为她举办生日聚会感到感激，但 她也为那些因为经济问题而无法庆祝生日的人感到难过。A. important重要的；B. dangerous 危险的；C. harmful 有害的；D. grateful 感激的。结合下文“ to her family for being able to hold birthday parties for herv可知，Bella感激家里可以给她举办生日聚会。故选D。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. economic经济的；B. physical身体的；C.mental精 神的；D. public 公开的。结合上文“she also felt sorry for those who couldn't even had a birthday celebration"可知，不能举办生日聚会。可推知应该是支付不起举办生日聚会的费用。因为 是因为经济原因。故选A。【45题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，她去找她的妈妈，然后她们想出了一个主意。A. put up 张贴；B.tookup占据;C. came up with提出;想出;D. lived up with不辜负。根据下文“an idea”可知，此处指他们想出了一个想法。故选C。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是她们决定创办Bella's Boxes的原因，通过这个项目，她们 可以为那些家庭条件不好的孩子制作生日礼盒。A. project项目；B. survival生存;C. adventure 冒险；D. festival 节日。结合下文 “for her project every year” 可知,此处指 Bella's Boxes 是 一个项目。故选A。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些盒子里面装满了气球、蛋糕粉、糖果和着色珠子糖。A.connected连接；B. filled装入;C. compared 比较;D. covered包含。结合前文“they made birthday boxes” 及下文 with balloons, cake mix, candies, and sprinkles