2022-2023学年江苏省如皋市高三上学期第一次联考英语试题（解析版）.docx

2022-2023学年度高三年级第一学期教学质量调研（一）英语试题回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题纸卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共20题，满分30分，每题1.5分）第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Why did the boy come home late?A. He watched a game.B. He studied at school.C. He hung out with his friends.2. What did the woman do yesterday?A. She went climbingB. She went to a party.C. She went to a music club.3. How much will the man pay for his clothes in total?A. $15. B. $30. C. $45.4. What might the girl be doing?A. Eating something sweet.B. Counting numbers.C. Preparing for an event.5 What is the man complaining about?A. He is heavy. B. He gets sick. C. He feels too hot.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What do we know about the woman?A. She visited most places in the city beforeVinci's first biographer, Giorgio Vasari: that the sitter was a merchant's wife, Lisa Gherardini. The note also helped date the masterpiece to between 1503 and 1506.A third conundrum“Where?”is still in dispute. But on June 3rd a French engineer, Pascal Cotte, declared that he and a collaborator had identified the landscape in the background of the painting. During a presentation, Mr Cotte contended that the artist was more plausibly depicting a part of his native Tuscany. Da Vinci represented the area not as it was, but as, in an unrealized scheme, he intended it to be.Mr Cotte, who was asked by the Louvre to create a digital image of the painting, is the inventor of the multispectral camera: a device that can detect not only the drawing below the surface of an oil painting but also intermediate layers of work. It was among these, under what appears to be a pointed rock, that he found a preparatory sketch （草图）showing that da Vinci intended it to represent a castellated tower.The landscape of the “Mona Lisa“ also includes a huge overhanging precipice （悬崖）.That is similar to one that da Vinci included in a sketch of a fortress contested （争夺）by Pisa and Florence in a war. The fortress with the nearby precipice-and a tower-all overlook the river Arno as it snakes from Florence to Pisa. All three also feature in drawings made by da Vinci to illustrate a plan about which, says Mr Cotte, he became “obsessive”.This involved diverting （改道）the Arno to cut off Pisa's water supply and give Florence an outlet to the Mediterranean. In the early 1500s, with the two city-states at war, the idea was under active consideration. Mr Cotte argues that a channel at the right of the "Mona Lisa“ is too wide to be a road, and is instead the dried-up bed of the Amo as da Vinci imagined it once his plan had been adopted.It never was. But if Mr Cotte's theory is right, it might just explain why Gherardini, a Florentine, wears such a contented, if inscrutable, smile.12. What was painted in the “Mona Lisa" according to Mr Cotte?A. A part of da Vinci's hometown as it was.B. An overhanging precipice and a fortress.C. A pointed rock and a castellated tower.D. The dried-up bed of a river.13. Who does "he" refbr to in paragraph 4?A. Pascal CotteB. Leonardo da VinciC. Giorgio VasariD. Lisa Gherardini14. Why did Mona Lisa smile based on Cotte's theory?A. Because da Vinci's idea was taken seriously.B. Because da Vinci's plan was adopted.C. Because Pisa's water supply was cut off.D. Because Florence had a good chance to win the war.15. What's the best title of the text?A. Where did Mona Lisa smile?B. When was the "Mona Lisa,9 painted?C. Who was the sitter of the "Mona Lisa"?D. Why did Mona Lisa put on a smile?【答案】12.D13. B 14. D 15. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了达芬奇的名画蒙娜丽莎背后的秘密。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段 “Mr Cotte argues that a channel at the right of the "Mona Lisa” is too wide to be a road, and is instead the dried-up bed of the Amo as da Vinci imagined it once his plan had been adopted（柯特先 生认为，蒙娜丽莎右边的通道太宽了，不可能是路，而是达芬奇在他的计划被采纳后想象的阿莫干枯的 河床）”可知柯特先生说，干涸的河床在蒙娜丽莎的画中。故选D。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据上句 “All three also feature in drawings made by da Vinci to illustrate a plan （这三样东西也出 现在达芬奇用来说明计划的图纸中）”可知“he”指代的是上句中的da Vinci（达芬奇）。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"This involved diverting （改道）the Amo to cut off Pisa's water supply and give Florence an outlet to the Mediterranean. In the early 1500s, with the two city-states at war, the idea was under active consideration.（这包括将亚诺河改道，切断比萨的供水，给佛罗伦萨一个通往地中海的出口。在16世纪早期, 由于两个城邦处于战争状态，这个想法受到了积极的考虑）”可知，文章的Cote先生推测的是Florence会赢 得这场战争，从而实现计划。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 “For centuries, two of the most interesting questions about Leonardo da Vinci's “Mona Lisa" were “Who?" and "When?” A discovery made at Heidelberg University in 2005 answered both. （JL个 世纪以来，关于列奥纳多达芬奇的蒙娜丽莎最有趣的两个问题是：“谁?”和“什么时候？” 2005年海 德堡大学的一项发现回答了这两个问题）”以及第二段“A third conundrum “Where?”一 is still in dispute（第 三个难题一一“在明B里？” 一一仍在争论中）”可知，who和when的问题都被解决，而唯独where的问题没 有被解决。故选A。第二节七选五阅读理解（满分12.5分，共5题，每题2.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。Weeds the fast-growing plants that cannot be eaten and do not bring flowers, are a common problem for gardeners. Some use chemicals to kill weeds. Others pull them up by hand or with heavy machinery. Luckily, there are other ways to limit their growth.For starters, there are mulches which can bury weeds. Mulches are made from organic material, such as leaves, grass cuttings, and small pieces of wood. They are spread over the ground in a garden to control weeds. Organic mulches break down over time. 16 That is not a bad thing, because their decomposition creates nutrients for plants and humus to keep soils wet and full of fresh air.Plastic mulch is another way to stop weeds. Common black plastic is easy to lay down. It also effectively blocks weeds and helps soil warm faster in the spring. 17 A reflective plastic mulch, for example, keeps some plant-eating insects away. A major problem with plastic is that it breaks apart over time, so eventually it needs to be thrown away. It also adds nothing to the soil as far as nutrients or humus. 18Finally, in addition to direct attacks on weeds, how you plant your garden can indirectly influence weed growth. For example, close spacing of plants in the garden blocks sunlight from reaching the ground and can limit weed growth. And using a watering method known as drip irrigation will direct small amounts of water to the roots of your plants instead of the weeds. 19 Lying in soil are millions of weed seeds just waiting to be awakened by light and air.Using any or all of these methods will not permanently stop weed growth. 20A. So you must add more to your garden often.B. And plastic also can block air from reaching the soil.C. However, we could finally make it through our efforts.D. So it adds little to the soil in terms of humus or nutrients.E. Instead, your goal is simply to limit their growth in the garden.F. Whether or not you dig up your soil also influences weed growth.G. Recent experiments with other colored plastic have shown effects on both bugs and plant growth.【答案】16.A17. G 18. B 19. F 20. E【解析】【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种可以限制花园中杂草生长的方法。【16题详解】根据前句“Organic mulches break down overtime.（有机地膜随着时间的推移会分解。）"和后句"That is not a bad thing, because their decomposition creates nutrients for plants and humus to keep soils wet and full of fresh air.（这并不是一件坏事，因为它们的分解为植物和腐殖质创造了养分，以保持土壤湿润和充满新鲜空气。）” 可知，设空处前句说有机盖料会慢慢分解，所以可以推测需要经常人工添加它；也可以承接后句，虽然需 要经常认为添加，但并不是坏事，因为分解产生的营养物会带来好处。所以选择项A “So you must add more to your garden often.（所以你必须经常给你的花园添加更多的植物。）”符合上下文语境。故选A。【17题详解】根据前两句 "Common black plastic is easy to lay down. It also effectively blocks weeds and helps soil warm faster in the spring.（普通的黑色塑料很容易铺设。它还能有效地阻止杂草，帮助土壤在春天更快地变暖。）”和后 句 u A reflective plastic mulch, for example, keeps some plant-eating insects away.（例如，一种反射性的塑料覆盖 物可以防止一些以植物为食的昆虫。）”可知，设空处前两句说了黑色塑料的优点，而后一句在举例说反光 的塑料可以赶走会吃植物的虫子，因此这里指出其他颜色的塑料也会有相应的优点。所以选择项G “Recent experiments with other colored plastic have shown effects on both bugs and plant growth.（最近用其他颜色的塑$4 做的实验显示，它们对昆虫和植物生长都有影响。）”符合上下文语境。故选G。【18题详解】根据前两句 u A major problem with plastic is that it breaks apart over time, so eventually it needs to be thrown away. It also adds nothing to the soil as far as nutrients or humus.（塑料的一个主要问题是，随着时间的推移，它会分 解，所以最终需要扔掉。它也不会增加土壤的养分或腐殖质。）”可知，这里开始讲塑料带来的问题。所以 选择项B “And plastic also can block air from reaching the soil.（塑料还可以阻止空气至U达土壤。）”符合上下 文语境。故选B。【19题详解】根据本段首句 uFinally, in addition to direct attacks on weeds, how you plant your garden can indirectly influence weed grow th.（最后，除了直接处理杂草，你种植花园的方式也会间接影响杂草的生长。）”和后句“Lying in soil are millions of weed seeds just waiting to be awakened by light and air.（土壤中埋藏着数百万颗杂草种子，等 待着被阳光和空气唤醒。）”及本段内容可知，本段介绍的是如何种植你的花园也会影响杂草的生长，F项 是否挖土符合本段的要求，并且后句说土壤深处的种子接触到阳光和空气就会开始生长，也符合前句的语 境，所以选择项 F u Whether or not you dig up your soil also influences weed growth.（你是否挖你的土壤也会影 响杂草的生长。）”符合上下文语境。故选F。【20题详解】根据前句 “Using any or all of these methods will not permanently stop weed growth.（使用任何一种或所有这些 方法都不会永久阻止杂草的生长。）”可知，使用以上任意一个方法都不能永远杜绝杂草的生长，E项说我 们的目标只是想限制它们的发展，顺承了上句的语义，也呼应了首段最后一句。所以选择项E“Instead,your goal is simply to limit their growth in the garden.（相反，你的目标只是限制它们在花园里的生长。）”符合上下文语境。故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节满分30分）第一节完形填空（满分15分，共15题，每题1分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。As the late afternoon sun beat down, Brandon finished feeding his cows and decided to call it a day. His two sons, Louie, 6, and Everette, 3, had tagged along.As they 21 the house, the two boys ran ahead of their father. Unfortunately, Louie fell into a well for the board covering it had, over time, grown 22.When Brandon realized what had happened, he ran to the well, and instinctively, he jumped in. With several desperate 23 he grabbed Louie, who was 24, However, there was no way they could climb out.Looking up to see Everette, who was looking down at them from the 25of the well, Brandon shouted,"Everette, you're going to have to be a big boy and save us. Run to the road and 26 the mailbox until someone stops. Tell them we need help." Everette did as he was told.Minutes passed like hours as Brandon and his trembling son waited for 27, Finally, Everette9s faceappeared 28 the well. “Daddy, are you still down that hole?”“Yes. Did you get some help?”“No."Brandon's heart 29."That's OK, honey. But you have to go back out to the road and get someone tostop. OK, Everette?”“Ok, Daddy.”About 15 minutes later, Christi and Mark Mckenney were driving by 30 they noticed Everette. They31 and asked if he was OK. "My daddy's in a hole,“ he told them.The couple piled Everette into their pickup and drove onto the 32, and the boy pointed them to the well.Forty-some minutes after he'd jumped into the well, Brandon and his son were eventually saved. Other than some slight 33、Brandon was fine, but Louie suffered hypothermia （体温过低）.34、he was healthyenough to return to school a week later.While the rescuers have been hailed as heroes, Mark isn't 35 it. “We're just neighbors helping neighbors. If there is a hero in this story, it's three-year-old Everette. He's a real lifesaver.?,21. A. accounted22. A. fragrant23. A. achievements24. A. alarmed25. A. inside26. A. stand by27. A. occasion28. A. below29. A. bled30. A. when31. A. pulled away32. A. farm33. A. infection34. A. Otherwise35. A. making【答案】21. C 22. BB 32. A 33. CB. allowedB. fragileB. attemptsB. amazedB. oppositeB. stick withB. rescueB. nearB. sufferedB. whileB. pulled overB.roadB. twistB. MoreoverB. catching23. B 24. A 25. D34. C 35. DC. headedC. furiousC. attacksC. amusedC. baseC. draw onC. despairC.aboveC. explodedC. asC. pulled togetherC.houseC. scratchesC. StillC getting26. A 27. BD. cateredD. flexibleD. argumentsD. ashamedD. topD. sort outD. refugeD. besideD. sankD. untilD. pulled backD. boardD. fantasyD. ThereforeD. buying28. C 29. D 30. A31.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了 Brand在回家过程中为了解救掉入井中的6岁儿子Louie,自己也 被困，最后依靠3岁儿子Everette找人帮忙获救的故事。文章多考词汇，难度一般。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们向房子走去时，两个男孩跑在他们父亲的前面。A. accounted解释;B. allowed 允许；C. headed前往；D. catered满足，迎合。根据上文"decided to call it a day”可知，他们是准备回家， 所以是朝房子走去。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，Louie掉到了井里，因为覆盖它的木板，随着时间的推移，变得脆 弱。A. fragrant香的;B.fragile脆弱的;C.furious愤怒的；D.flexible灵活的。根据上文“fell into a well” 可知，木板随着时间的推移变得脆弱了。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他拼命地试了几次才抓住了 Louie, Louie很惊恐。A. achievements成就；B. attempts 尝试;C.attacks袭击;D. arguments争论。根据上文“With several desperate”可知,他拼命地试了几次。故选Bo【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他拼命地试了几次才抓住了 Louie, Louie很惊恐。A. alarmed惊恐的；B. amazed 惊讶的；C. amused觉得好笑的；D.ashamed感到羞愧的。根据上文“Louie fell into a well”可知，Louie掉 进了井里，应该觉得惊恐。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:Brandon抬头看到Everette正在井口俯视着他们，他喊道。A. inside内部;B. opposite 对立的人（或物）；C. base 基地；D. top 顶端，上端。根据上文 “Looking up to see Everette, who was looking down at them”可知，Brandon抬头看到Everette正在井口俯视着他们，因此空格处是“顶端，上端”。故选 Do【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：跑到马路上，站在邮箱旁边，直到有人停下来。A. stand by站在旁边；B. stick with 坚持；C.draw on利用；D.sort out分类。根据下文“the mailbox”可知，Brandon让Everette跑到马路上, 站在邮箱旁边。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Brandon和他颤抖的儿子等待救援，时间一分一秒地过去了。A. occasion场合； B. rescue救援；C. despair绝望；D. refuge避难所。根据上文“Tell them we need helpv可知，他们等待救援。 故选Bo【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，Everette的脸出现在了井的上方。A. below在下面;B.near在附近；C. above 在上方；D. beside 在旁边。根据下文 “Daddy, are you still down that hole” 可知，Everette的脸出现在了井的上方。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Brandon的心沉了下去。A. bled流血；B. suffered遭受；C. exploded爆炸；D. sank 下沉。根据上文“No.”可知，听到Everette说没有找到人帮忙，Brandon的心沉了下去。故选D。【30题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：大约15分钟后，Christi和Mark Mckenney开车经过时注意到了 Everetteo A. when 当的时候；B. while 当的时候；C. as 随着；D. until 直到I。根据上文 uChristi and Mark Mckenney weredriving by” 可知，Christi 和 Mark Mckenney 开车经过时注意到了 Everette, be doing.when是固定句型， 意为“正在这时”，因此空格处是when。故选A。31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们把车停在路边，问他是否还好。A. pulled away离开；B. pulled over靠边停 车;C. pulled together齐心协力；D.pulled back拉回。根据下文“asked if he was OK”可知,他们靠边停车。 故选Bo【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇把Everette塞进他们的小卡车，开向农场，男孩指给他们看井。A. farm 农场；B. road 道路;C. house 房子;D. board 董事会。根据第一段的 uBrandon finished feeding his cows” 可 知，那口井应该是在农场上。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了一些轻微的抓伤，Brandon没事，但Louie体温过低。A. infection感染；B. twist扭动；C.scratches划痕，戈U伤；D.fantasy幻想。根据下文“Brandon was fine”可知，除了一些轻微的 抓伤，Brandon没事。故选C。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是很健康，一周后回到了学校。'Otherwise否则；B. Moreover 此外；C. Still 尽管那样，尽管如此；D. Therefore 因此。根据下文 “he was healthy enough to return to school a week later"可知，尽管如此，他还是很健康，一周后回到了学校。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然救援人员被誉为英雄，但Mark并不接受。A. making制作；B.catching抓 住；C. getting 得到；D. buying 接受。根据下文 “We're just neighbors helping neighbors” 可知，虽然救援人 员被誉为英雄，但Mark并不接受。故选D。第二节语法填空(满分15分，共10题，每题1.5分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Sri Lanka, an island country 36 (lie) in the Indian Ocean, is in the midst of its worst financial crisis in decades. The country has run out of