2022-2023学年辽宁省葫芦岛市高一上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题（解析版）.docx

2023年1月葫芦岛市普通高中学业质量监测考试高一英语考生注意: 1.试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2 .本考试分设试卷和答题纸。试卷包括I卷和II卷两部分。3 .答题前，务必在答题纸上按要求填写信息，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。作答 必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。I卷部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应 的区域，II卷部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。第I卷（三部分，共95分）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What is the woman?A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher.2. What does the woman say about Tom?A. He works hard. B. He is clever. C. He is popular.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. Where to meet Mr Jackson.B. Whether to call Mr Jackson.C. When to meet Mr Jackson.4. How will the man go to the airport tomorrow?A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. By car.5. Where will the woman go tonight?A. To a party. B. To a theatre. C. To the man's home.第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小 题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读或独白两遍。B. The thermal lie detector has proven a popular one.C. Researchers conducted the study by interviewing.D. Researchers designed different lies for participants.15. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. ”False positive can be reduced by using cameras.B. The thermal lie detector is more accurate than other detectors.C. The temperature difference can't be identified by modern lie detectors.D. Thermal imaging has been combined with other lie detection technology.【答案】12.D13. A 14. A 15. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了戈麦斯米兰博士和他的团队开发的一种测谎仪，它使用热成像摄 像机来判断人们是否在说谎。这种热测谎仪比其他测谎仪更准确。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “ "One has to think in order to lie, which raises the temperature of the forehead/ Dr. Gomez Milan explained the findings.（戈麦斯米兰博士解释说：'一个人在撒谎前必须先思考，这会 使前额温度升高。'）”可知，参与者额头的温度会上升是因为他们在思考。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段 u Pinochio may be just a children's story, but Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated the so-called "Pinocchio effect5 and found that our noses don't grow longer when we tell a lie, but actually get a little bit smaller.（皮诺乔可能只是一个儿童故事，但西班牙格拉纳达大学的科 学家最近研究了所谓的“皮诺乔效应”，发现我们说谎时鼻子不会变长，而是会变小一点）”和第三段最 后一句 uParticipants had to make up the lie themselves during the call, and the thermal cameras picked up this "opposite Pinochio effect9 caused by the changes in temperature in the nose and forehead.（参与者必须在通话过 程中自己编造谎言，热成像摄像机捕捉到了这种由鼻子和前额温度变化引起的反皮诺乔效应'）”可 知，'反皮诺乔效应'指的是我们说谎时鼻子不会变长，而是会变小一点。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 uInterestingly, the thermal lie detector picked up the temperature difference in 80 percent of test participants, which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie detector used by the police. "With this method we have increased accuracy （精确）and reduce the chances of "false positives', something that is frequent with other methods J said Dr. Gomez Milan, who added that police could one daycombine other lie detection technology with their technology to achieve better results.（有趣的是，热测谎仪检测 出了 80%的测试参与者有温度差异，这比警方使用的任何现代测谎仪的成功率都要高。戈麦斯米兰博士说：“通过这种方法，我们提高了准确率，降低了 '误报'的几率，这是其他方法经常出现的问题。”他 补充说，警方有一天可以将其他测谎技术与他们的技术结合起来，以获得更好的结果）”可知，热测谎仪 可以帮助警方。故选A项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据根据文章最后一段 uInterestingly, the thermal lie detector picked up the temperature difference in 80 percent of test participants, which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie detector used by the police. "With this method we have increased accuracy （精确）and reduce the chances of "false positives9, something that is frequent with other methods/ said Dr. Gomez Milan, who added that police could one day combine other lie detection technology with their technology to achieve better results.（有趣的是, 热测谎仪 检测出了 80%的测试参与者有温度差异，这比警方使用的任何现代测谎仪的成功率都要高。戈麦斯米兰 博士说：“通过这种方法，我们提高了准确率，降低了 '误报'的几率，这是其他方法经常出现的问 题。”他补充说，警方有一天可以将其他测谎技术与他们的技术结合起来，以获得更好的结果）”可知, 热测谎仪比其他测谎仪更准确。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。My parents drink black tea at least five times a day. And I don't even want to know how many used teabags they've thrown in the trash.16 Here are some favorite reuses that you can incorporate （并入）intoyour tea drinking ritual （仪式）. Plant food17 They enrich the soil by increasing nitrogen levels, and give earthworms something to eat.Lots of people add their used tea bags to a compost （堆月巴）to help reduce garbage and grow their plants. Or you can just put a tea bag in water until the water slightly changes color and then use it to water yourplants.18 Under-eye circlesGot puffy （肿胀的）under your eyes that no cream can fix?19 The tannin （革柔酸）in tea bags hasbeen proven to reduce swelling （baggy under eyes） and discoloration （dark circles）. Either put your used tea bag in the fridge or let it cool down for a half hour. Then put the tea bag over your eyes for 10 to 15 minutes. Scent controlTea leaves absorb surrounding scents, even if they've been used. Here is how you can freshen things up a bit: Put a used tea bag in the fridge. Dry a used tea bag and put it in your potpourri （混合物）.Empty a used tea bag, and put the leaves in your vacuum cleaner （真空吸尘器）.20You can also put dried green tea leaves in spots around the house to take bad scents away. Here are some ideas: the cat's litter box, a wooden cutting board or your very own mouth.A. A tea bag can help.B. Tea bags do wonders for the garden.C. These used teabags are useless since then.D. But there are so many ways to reuse a teabag.E. These leaves can help clean inside the cleaner.F. Next time you vacuum, it will make your carpet smell nice.G. You could even just bury the tea bag outside to help your garden grow.【答案】16.D17. B 18. G 19. A 20. F【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了红茶包喝完以后，可再次利用，并介绍了几个具体的用途。【16题详解】根据下文 u Here are some favorite reuses that you can incorporate （并入）into your tea drinking ritual （仪式）.（如 下是几个能增添品茶仪式感的重复利用办法）”可知，红茶包喝完以后可以进行再利用，与D项“Butthere are so many ways to reuse a teabag（但是还有许多重复利用茶包的方法）”表达的含义一致，故选D项。【17题详解】根据下文“They enrich the soil by increasing nitrogen levels（他们通过增加土壤的氮含量来使土壤肥沃）”可 知，茶包对花园里的土壤有利，与B项“Tea bags do wonders for the garden.（茶包对花园有奇效）”表达的 含义一致，故选B项。【18题详解】根据上文 “you can just put a tea bag in water until the water slightly changes color, and then use it to water your plants.（你可以把茶包放进水里等水的颜色慢慢变化，然后利用它给植物浇水）”可知本段主要讲的是在花园 里如何再利用茶包，与 G 项 “You could even just bury the tea bag outside to help your garden grow .（你甚至还 可以直接把茶包在室外花园埋起来，花园就会变肥沃）”表达的含义一致，故选G项。【19题详解】根据上文“Got puffy （肿胀的）under your eyes that no cream can fix?（眼睛底下肿胀了 ,是不是没有护肤霜能 解决？）”以及下文“The tannin （糅酸）in tea bags has been proven to reduce swelling（茶包里面的单柔酸被证明 能减少肿胀）”可知空白处需要对上下文的话题进行过渡，与A项"A tea bag can help（茶包对此有效）”表 达的含义一致，故选A项。【20题详解】根据上文 “Empty a used tea bag, and put the leaves in your vacuum cleaner （真空吸尘器X倒空用过的茶包，把 里面的叶子放进真空吸尘器里面）”可推知，下文讲的是下次用真空吸尘器的时候，地毯会带有香味，与F 项uNext time you vacuum, it will make your carpet smell nice.（下次你吸尘的时候，会让你的地毯有香味）” 表达的含义一致，故选F项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I am very lucky because I enjoy my work very much. I'm a fitness instructor at a gym near where I live. I21 six aerobics（有氧运动）classes a week and also tell my students about 22 and nutrition. As they say, "You are what you 23To be honest, I worry about the 24 that many people have today. So many people are overweight. Because they eat the 25 foods and they don't do any exercise. When you work in an office all day, I know it is difficult to find 26 to keep fit, but you only need to do 20 minutes a day!It's also very important to have a 27 diet, starting with breakfast in the morning. It's not a good idea to 28 breakfast although many of us just have a cup of tea or coffee. Eat as much 29 food as possible - lots of fruit and vegetables - and 30 not to eat too much fried food.One 31 why a lot of people feel less than 100% fit is that they don't drink enough water. You need to drink two liters（升）a day and water 32 water, not tea, coffee or sugary drinks.Keeping fit is fun. However, a lot of people think it's boring to go jogging or cycling. They just want to33 their food. Well, of course, it's fine to have cakes and ice cream, but not every day! I would say we like what our bodies 34 and if you eat more healthy food, over time, you might find yourself wanting to eat them more than anything else. Try it, I think you'll be 35!21. A. designB. teachC. shareD. choose22. A. tasteB.cookingC. healthD. wealth23. A. eatB. wearC.speakD. think24. A. ideaB. habitC. dietD. goal25.A. cheapB. properC. deliciousD. wrong26. A. spaceB. moneyC. timeD. courage27. A. specialB.poorC. simpleD. balanced28. A. makeB. missC. getD. order29. A. freshB. driedC. fastD. expensive30. A. promiseB. begC. decideD. try31. A. reasonB. excuseC. resultD. opinion32. A. meansB. includesC. needsD. produces33. A. enjoyB. showC. prepareD. research34. A. settle down toB. are buried inC. are made ofD. are used to35. A. movedB. surprisedC. troubledD. worried【答案】21.B 22.C23. A 24. C25. D 26. C 27. D28. B 29. AA 32. A 33. A34. D 35. B【解析】30. D 31.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作为健身教练,作者建议人们均衡饮食，多吃新鲜健康的食物,每天都要锻炼，这样才能保持健康。21题详解】A. design 设考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每周教六节有氧运动课，也给学生讲解健康和营养方面的知识。计；B. teach 教；C. share 分享；D. choose 选择。根据前一a fitness instructor at a gym near where I live.（我是我家附近一家健身房的健身教练）”可知，作者在健身房里当健身教练。由此可知，作者应是每周教六节有氧运动课。故选B。【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. taste味道；B. cooking烹饪；C.health健康；D.wealth财富。根据常识及语境可知，作者作为健身教练，应是告诉他的学生关于健康和营养的知识。故选C。【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如他们所说，“你吃什么就像什么。" A. eat吃；B. wear穿着，戴着；C.speak 说话；D. think 故思考，认为。根据下文 uBecause they eat the 5 foods and they don't do any exercise."可知，本文主要讲述的是关于饮食的问题，故此处表达的是，人们普遍认为：你吃什么，你就是什么样。故选A。【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我担心现在很多人的饮食。A. idea主意，想法；B. habit习惯；C. diet 饮食；D. goal 目标。根据下文 “Because they eat the 5 foods and they don't do any exercise.v可知，人们饮食不当，缺乏锻炼，从而导致发胖。由此可知，此处表达的是，作者担心很多人的饮食。故选C。25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为他们吃错误的食物，他们不做任何锻炼。A. cheap便宜的；B. proper合 适的；C. delicious美味的；D. wrong错误的。根据上文的“So many people are overweight.（很多人超重）” 可知，人们饮食不当并且不锻炼是超重的原因。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你整天在办公室工作时，我知道很难找到时间来保持健康，但你每天只需要 做 20 分钟！ A. space 空间；B. money 钱；C. time 时间；D. courage 勇气。据空前的 “When you work in an office all day v及空后的"you only need to do 20 minutes a day v可知，作者认为人们一天需要锻炼20分 钟，由此可知，这里是说如果你在办公室工作一整天，那么，你很难找到时间（健身来）保持健康。故选 Co【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：均衡的饮食也很重要，从早上的早餐开始。A. special特殊的；B. poor贫穷 的，差的;C. simple 简单的；D. balanced 平衡的。由下文的 starting with breakfast in the morning和“Eat as much 9 food as possible 一 lots of fruit and vegetables可知，要吃早餐，吃很多水果和蔬菜，所以此处表达的是均衡的饮食也是很重要的。故选D。28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不吃早餐不是个好主意，虽然我们很多人只喝一杯茶或咖啡。A. make制作； B. miss错过；C.get得到,到达;D. order订购，命令。根据空后的让步状语从句“although many of us just have a cup of tea or coffee"可知，此处是指不吃早餐不好。miss意为“错过”，符合语境。故选B。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吃尽可能多的新鲜食物大量的水果和蔬菜尽量不要吃太多油炸食 品。A. fresh新鲜的；B. dried干的；C.fast快速的；D.expensive昂贵的。根据后文的“fruit and vegetables及"not to eat too much fried food v可知，此处作者建议人们尽可能多吃新鲜的食物。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. promise承诺；B.beg恳求；C.decide决定；D.try试图，努力。根据语 境可知，作者建议吃新鲜食物，尽量不要吃太多油炸食品。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很多人觉得自己不是100%健康的一个理由是他们没有喝足够的水。A. reason 原因；B. excuse借口； C.result借口； D. opinion观点。根据下文对饮水的介绍可知，此处表达的是人们不 够健康的其中一个原因。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你需要每天喝两升水水就是水，不是茶、咖啡或含糖饮料。A. means意味 着；B. includes包括；C. needs需要；D. produces生产。根据语境及常识，尤其是后文的“not tea, coffee or sugary drinks v可知，此处表达的是，水就是水，不是指茶、咖啡或含糖饮料。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只是想享受他们的食物。A. enjoy享受，喜欢；B.show展示；C. prepare 准备；D. research研究。根据"it's fine to have cakes and ice cream（吃蛋糕和冰淇淋是可以的）”可知,此处 表达的是，很多人不想锻炼，他们只想享受他们的食物。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想说的是，我们喜欢我们的身体习惯的东西，如果你吃更多的健康食品，随 着时间的推移，你可能会发现自己更想吃它们。A. settle down to开始专心于；B.are buried in专心于；C. are made of 由制成;D. are used to 习惯于。由空后的"if you eat more healthy food, over time, you mightfind yourself wanting to eat them more than anything else”可知，如果你吃更多健康的食物，随着时间的推 移，你可能会发现相比于其他任何东西，自己更想吃健康的食物。设空处表达的是，我们喜欢吃我们的身 体已经习惯的东西。故选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：试试它，我想你会感到惊讶的。A. moved感动的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. troubled麻烦的；D.worried担心的。根据语境可知，此处表示如果你吃更多健康的食物，假以时日，你会 发现自己更想吃健康食物。尝试一下吧，你会感到惊讶的！故选B。第II卷（满分55分）注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。You may sometimes notice athletes with purple circles on their skin from cupping （拔火罐）.Or maybe you know someone 36 swears （及其信赖）by acupuncture （针灸）for their back pain. More and more people use practices from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） to not only fight disease, but also prevent it. TCM is 37 ancient system of health and wellness that 38 （use） in China for thousands of years.Western medicine focuses 39 （main） on treating disease, while TCM looks at your entire well-being.Western medicine tends 40 （view） the body a lot like a car. It has different systems that need the right inputs and outputs. TCM doesn't fbcus on science and medicine. Instead, it is based 41 balance, harmony, and energy.There are two central ideas behind TCM. One is qi, the other yin and yang. Qi is also called life energy or vital energy. The belief is that it 42 (run) throughout your body. It's always on the move and constantly 43 (change). Yin and Yang are opposites 44 (describe) the qualities of qi. The belief is that everything in life has its opposite, and balance is the key. For example, a drug from your doctor might cure disease. But it's 45 (harm) if you take too much of it.【答案】36. who37. an38. has been used39. mainly 40. to view41. on42. runs43. changes44. describing45. harmful【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中医和西医的区别以及中医的两个核心思想。【36题详解】考查定语从句。句意：或者你可能知道有人发誓用针灸治疗他们的背痛。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后 的部分是一个定语从句，对先行词someone进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一 个关系代词代替先行词someone在从句中作主语；又因为先行词是someone,所以关系代词只能用who。 故填whoo【37题详解】考查冠词。句意：中医是一种古老的保健系统，在中国已经使用了数千年。根据句意和空格后的可数名词 system分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个不定冠词，表示数量，因为空格后ancient的发音是元音音素开 头，所以应该用冠词an。故填an。【38题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：中医是一种古老的保健系统，在中国已经使用了数千年。根据句意和 所给动词use分析句子可知，空格处是that引导的定语从句的谓语部分，由时间状语for thousands of years 可知，应该用现在完成时；关系代词that是代替先行词system在从句中作主语，所以谓语动词应该用单数 形式；定语从句的主语that和use之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态。故填has been used。【39题详解】考查副词。句意：西医主要侧重于治疗疾病，而中医着眼于你的整体健康。根据句意和空格前的动词 focus以及所给形容词main分析句子可知，空格处应该填入main的副词形式mainly作状语，修饰前面的 focuses o 故填 mainly o【40题详解】考查不定式。句意：西医倾向于把人的身体看成一辆车。根据句意和空格前的tend以及所给动词view分 析句子可知，空格处应该填入不定式形式t。view作动词tend的宾语（表示“倾向于做某事"，tend后面 用不定式形式作宾语）。故填t。view。41题详解】考查介词。句意：相反，它是基于平衡、和谐和能量。根据句意和空格前的is based分析句子可知，此处 是考查固定搭配be based on （以为基础）。故填on。【42题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人们相信它会贯穿你的身体。根据句意和所给动词run分析句子可知，空格 处是that引导的定语从句的谓语部分，由主句的时态是一般现在时可知，从句也应该用一般现在时；因为 主语是it,所以应该用第三人称单数形式。故填runs。【43题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它总是在移动，不断变化。根据句意和所给动词change分析句子可知，空格 处是该句子的谓语部分，由and前的并列谓语可知，此处应该用一般现在时，再根据主语it可知，谓语动 词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填changes。【44题详解】考查现在分词。句意：阴阳是描述气的性质的对立体。根据句意和空格前的。pposites以及所给动词 describe分析句子可知，空格处只能用describe的非谓语形式作定语，修饰前面的名词opposites,因为 opposites和动词describe之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词describing作定语。故填describingo