2022-2023学年山东省菏泽市高一上学期期末英语试题（解析版）.docx

2022-2023学年度高一第一学期学习质量检测高一英语试题本试卷共8页，由四部分组成。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项：L答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2 .作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3 .非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先擦掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按 以上要求作答的答案无效。4 .考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。第一部分:听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，播音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答 题卡上。第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What did the woman do over the weekend?A. She went hiking.B. She visited a museum.C. She borrowed some books from a library.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: How was your weekend? Did you go hiking?W: No, but it was fun! I went to a museum, bought some books in a used book store, and went dancing.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is across the street from the man's house?A. A basketball court.B. Jill's new apartment.C. The apartment of JilPs aunt.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Jill! I thought I saw you in my neighborhood yesterday.程学，来改变世界。可推知，文章选自报纸的“教育”版面。故选C。Zhaobi can be found outside the entrance of a variety of buildings, not to be confused with yingbi which are similar structures found on the other side of the gate, and in their earliest form during the western Zhou dynasty (c.l 1th century -77 IBC), were built to serve the function of a wealth and power symbol. They were allowed for only the highest members of society, noblemen, dukes and princes. Seeing zhaobi outside a building would let passers-by know that this is the residence of someone of extreme importance, while also serving the practical function of protecting privacy by blocking the entrance from any spying eyes.With the passing of time and social changes, by the Tang (618-907) and later Song (960-1279) dynasties, there was less exclusivity about who could build zhaobi, but more importantly there was also a change in the meaning and purpose of the walls. Instead of representing social position, zhaobi took on a more mysterious purpose, coming to play a role in the form offengshui, a practice which focused on achieving harmony and balance in all things.It was believed that as well as functioning as a physical block for one's privacy, zhaobi would act as a deterrent against gui, or wandering dangerous spirits, which would attempt to harm a home, but being unable to turn corners, zhaobi would prevent such action. As well as offering this spiritual protection, their location would allow for better flow of qi, or important energy, helping to conserve it in the building.Moving further forward in time, zhaobi became more of a form of artistic expression and creativity, with poetry, paintings and characters representing luck and good fortune appearing on the walls, with families using zhaobi as a platform to tell their family history and achievements.28. Which of the following can replace the underlined word?A. strengthB. fortuneC. entranceD. protection29. How many functions of zhaobi are mentioned in the text?A. 4B.5C.6D.730. How is the text developed?A. By following the time order.B. By making a comparisonD. By listing figuresC. By showing examples.31. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The difference between zhaobi and yingbi.B. The changes in the functions of zhaobi.D. The long history of zhaobi.C. A general introduction of zhaobi.【答案】28.D29. C 30. A 31. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了照壁的主要功能以及变化。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文 u against gui, or wandering dangerous spirits, which would attempt to harm a home, but being unable to turn corners, zhaobi would prevent such action ” 可知，照壁可以用来保护家里不受鬼的侵害， 因为鬼无法转弯，照壁可以阻止它们。故画线词意思是“保护”。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中 “Seeing zhaobi outside a building would let passers-by know that this is the residence of someone of extreme importance, while also serving the practical function of protecting privacy by blocking the entrance from any spying eyes.（在建筑物外看到照壁，行人就会知道这是一个非常重要的人的住所，同时也起 到了保护隐私的实际作用，阻止了任何窥视的眼睛）”；第二段中"Instead of representing social position, zhaobi took on a more mysterious purpose, coming to play a role in the form of fengshui, a practice which focused on achieving harmony and balance in all things.（照壁并没有代表社会地位，而是有了 一个更神秘的目的，以风水 的形式发挥作用，这是一种专注于实现万物和谐与平衡的实践）”；倒数第二段"It was believed that as well as functioning as a physical block fbr one's privacy, zhaobi would act as a deterrent against gui, or wandering dangerous spirits, which would attempt to harm a home, but being unable to turn corners, zhaobi would prevent such action. As well as offering this spiritual protection, their location would allow for better flow of qi, or important energy, helping to conserve it in the building.（人们相信，照壁不仅可以作为一个人的隐私的实体屏障，还可以威慑那些企图 破坏房屋的妖怪，因为鬼无法转弯，所以可以阻止这种行为。在提供这种精神保护的同时，它们的位置还 能让气（重要的能量）更好地流动，有助于在建筑中保存气）”以及最后一段“Moving further forward in time, zhaobi became more of a form of artistic expression and creativity, with poetry, paintings and characters representing luck and good fortune appearing on the walls, with families using zhaobi as a platform to tell their family history and achievements .（随着时间的推移，照壁越来越成为一种艺术表达和创造力的形式，代表吉祥和好运的诗歌、 绘画和人物出现在墙上，家庭用照壁作为平台来讲述他们的家族史和成就）”可知，提到了六个功能。故选 Co【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中 u Zhaobi can be found outside the entrance of a variety of buildings, not to be confused with yingbi which are similar structures found on the other side of the gate, and in their earliest form during the western Zhou dynasty （c.llth century -77 IBC）, were built to serve the function of a wealth and power symbol.（照壁 位于各种建筑的入口外，不要与应璧混淆，应璧是在大门的另一侧发现的类似结构，其最早的形式是在西 周时期（公元前11世纪-公元前771年），是用来作为财富和权力的象征）”以及第二段中"With the passing of time and social changes, by the Tang （618-907） and later Song （960-1279） dynasties, there was less exclusivity about who could build zhaobi, but more importantly there was also a change in the meaning and purpose of the walls.（随着 时间的推移和社会的变化，到了唐朝（618-907年）和后来的宋朝（960-1279年），谁能建造照壁的排他性减少了， 但更重要的是，照壁的意义和用途也发生了变化）”可推知，文章按照时间顺序展开。故选A。31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中 “With the passing of time and social changes, by the Tang （618-907） and later Song （960-1279） dynasties, there was less exclusivity about who could build zhaobi, but more importantly there was also a change in the meaning and purpose of the walls .（随着时间的推移和社会的变化，到了唐朝（618-907年）和后来的 宋朝（960-1279年），谁能建造照壁的排他性减少了，但更重要的是，照壁的意义和用途也发生了变化）”以 及最后一段 u Moving further forward in time, zhaobi became more of a form of artistic expression and creativity, with poetry, paintings and characters representing luck and good fortune appearing on the walls, with families using zhaobi as a platform to tell their family history and achievements.（随着时间的推移，照壁越来越成为一种艺术表 达和创造力的形式，代表吉祥和好运的诗歌、绘画和人物出现在墙上，家庭用照壁作为平台来讲述他们的 家族史和成就）”可知，这篇文章的主旨是照壁功能的变化。故选B。DThe Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the nation's top industry regulator, called for lasting efforts to break key technological bottlenecks such as operating systems. Vice-Minister of Industry and Information Technology Wang Jiangping said at a meeting on Wednesday that persistence（毅力）is needed to develop key technologies and more efforts will be made to increase the supply ability of operating systems and other services.An operating system or OS is the foundational software that powers a digital device（设备）.Google's Android, Apple's iOS and Huawei's Harmony OS are among the leading OSs that power smartphones or smart devices, while Microsoffs Windows is considered the market leader in personal computer OSs. Operating system is a key area that Chinese companies are working on to reduce their dependence on foreign companies due to the US govemmenfs limitation. Huawei Technologies Co is continuing its drive for development of the OpenEuler operating system as part of its broader push to solve China's lack of homegrown operating systems for basic digital technologies.The OpenEuler is designed for company customers and can be used in devices such as servers, cloud computing and edge computing. It is chiefly used in industries like finance, transportation and telecom. Last year, Huawei donated the Euler operating system to the OpenAtom Foundation, a major open source foundation in China, to become an open-source OS. Wang Tao, a member of Huawei's executive board, said the OpenEuler open source community now has 600 company members, and more than 3 million sets of equipment have been equipped with the OpenEuler operating system. OpenEuler now accounts for 25 percent of the new market of server operating systems in China.32. What does the first paragraph mainly to show?A. It will have a long way to go to develop an OS.B. The government's pay little attention to key technologies.C. Some technological bottlenecks are impossible to break.D. The ability to supply OS doesn't need improving.33. What do we know according to the third paragraph?A. Windows is the only OS in personal computer OSs.B. A smart device can't work at all without an OS.C. An OS is an important hardware of a digital device.D. Some Chinese companies are attempting to break foreign company's limitation.34. What can be learned from OpenEuler?A. It is designed for individual customers at first.B. It is only used in finance, transport and telecom.C It was an open-source OS developed by Huawei from the beginning.D. It makes up one fourth of the new market of server operating systems in China.35. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To explain the general situation of the OS in China.B. To introduce the functions of OpenEuler.C. To show government's determination to break the key technological bottlenecks.D. To present the achievement Huawei has gained.【答案】32.A33. B 34. D 35. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。国家最高行业监管机构工业和信息化部呼吁持续努力，打破操作系统等关键 技术瓶颈。工业和信息化部副部长王江平在周三的一次会议上表示，要坚持开发关键技术，加大力度提高 操作系统和其他服务的供应能力。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the nation 9s top industry regulator, called for lasting efforts to break key technological bottlenecks such as operating systems. Vice-Minister of Industry and Information Technology Wang Jiangping said at a meeting on Wednesday that persistence（毅力）is needed to develop key technologies and more efforts will be made to increase the supply ability of operating systems and other services.（国家最高行业监管机构工业和信息化部呼吁持续努力，打破操作系统等关键技术瓶颈。工业和信息 化部副部长王江平在周三的一次会议上表示，要坚持开发关键技术，加大力度提高操作系统和其他服务的 供应能力）”可知，第一段主要表明开发一个操作系统还有很长的路要走。故选A。【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“An operating system or OS is the foundational software that powers a digital device（设备）.（操作系统或OS是驱动数字设备的基础软件）”可知，智能设备没有操作系统根本无法工作。故选B。【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中"OpenEuler now accounts for 25 percent of the new market of server operating systems in China.（OpenEuler目前占据了中国服务器操作系统新市场的25%）”可知，OpenEuler占据了中国服 务器操作系统新市场的四分之一。故选D。【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the nation's top industry regulator, called for lasting efforts to break key technological bottlenecks such as operating systems. Vice-Minister of Industry and Information Technology Wang Jiangping said at a meeting on Wednesday that persistence（毅力）is needed to develop key technologies and more efforts will be made to increase the supply ability of operating systems and other services.（国家最高行业监管机构工业和信息化部呼吁持续努力，打破操作系统等关键技术瓶颈。工业和信息 化部副部长王江平在周三的一次会议上表示，要坚持开发关键技术，加大力度提高操作系统和其他服务的 供应能力）”可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是显示政府打破关键技术瓶颈的决心。故选C。第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分。满分12.5分）项。In 1972, UNESCO started a programme to protect the world's cultural and natural heritage. 36 The TaMahal （泰姬陵）in India and the Imperial Tombs of the Qing and Ming Dynasties in China are two of the best known examples.37 In the early 17th century, India was ruled by an emperor named Shah Jahan who was married to a woman named Mumtaz. The emperor loved his wife so much that when she died, he built the Taj Mahal in her memory. The beautiful mausoleum（陵墓）was designed to look like what the emperor hoped would be Mumtaz's home in the afterlife. The colour of the buildings appears to change with the light of day. 38 The couple, therefore, now rest together forever.39 the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are a monument to the mind and spirit. Visitorswho walk among the buildings can feel both the weight of history and a wonderful sense of peace. What makes the Qing and Ming Tombs unique is that they bring together architecture and philosophy. The Imperial Tombs representChinese cultural and historical values that have been handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years.Human life lasts only a short time but art and culture last forever, The UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Sites programme attempts to protect and preserve the best of human history. Masterpieces such as the Tai Mahal and the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties remind us of what we can achieve at our finest. 40 A. Building the Taj Mahal was a labour of love.B. The Taj Mahal is a masterpiece of architecture.C. The king was later buried immediately to Mumtaz.D. They also encourage us to follow our traditional customs.E. Supposing that the Taj Mahal is a celebration of the heart.F. Meanwhile, they inspire us to live up to our great past in the future.G. More than 800 cultural sites have been added to the World Cultural Heritage Site List ever since.【答案】36. G 37. A 38. C 39. E 40. F【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了 1972年，联合国教科文组织启动了一项保护世界文化和自然遗产。以 泰姬陵和明清两代的皇陵为例，讲述了它们的由来和对我们的启示。【36题详解】根据空前 “In 1972, UNESCO started a programme to protect the world's cultural and natural heritage.（1972 年， 联合国教科文组织启动了一项计划，以保护世界文化和自然遗产。）”空后“1。丁乂11（泰姬陵）皿111由4 4。1 the Imperial Tombs of the Qing and Ming Dynasties in China are two of the best known examples.（印度的泰姬陵和 明清两代的皇陵是其中的最好的两个例子。）”可知，空前提到了联合国教科文组织启动保护文化遗产的计 划，空后提出了泰姬陵和皇陵是其中的两个例子，故G项“从那以后，800多个文化遗址被添加到世界文化 遗产清单中J符合，承接上文，并引出下文，且空后的“the best known examples”指代本空的“More than 800 cultural sites ”，故选 G 项。【37题详解】根据空后 “In the early 17th century, India was ruled by an emperor named Shah Jahan who was married to a woman named Mumtaz. The emperor loved his wife so much that when she died, he built the Taj Mahal in her memory.（17 世纪初期，印度由一名叫的Shah Jahan皇帝统治，他与一名叫Mumtaz的女子结婚。皇帝很爱他的妻子，所 以当她去世时，他修建了泰姬陵来纪念她。）”可知，空后讲述了泰姬陵的由来，是因为皇帝对他妻子的爱， 故A项“泰姬陵的修建是因为爱。”符合，故选A项。【38题详解】根据空后“The couple, therefore, now rest together forever.（因此，这对夫妇永远地安息在一起了。）”可知，C 项“国王随后也立即葬在了 Mumtaz的身边。”是空前的顺义承接，国王葬在了妻子身边，因此他们永远地 安息在一起了，故选C项。【39题详解】根据空后 “the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are a monument to the mind and spirit .（明清两代 的皇陵就是心灵和精神的丰碑。）”可知，空后提出了明清两代的皇陵是心灵的寄托，故E项“如果泰姬陵 是一场心灵的庆典。”符合，此处分别说出了泰姬陵和明清两代皇陵的意义，故选E项。【40题详解】根据空前 “ Masterpieces such as the Tai Mahal and the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties remind us of what we can achieve at our finest人像泰姬陵和明清两代的陵墓提醒着我们，我们可以做到最好。）”可知，空 前提出了这些文化遗产警示着我们，让我们努力做到最好，故F项“与此同时，它们又激励着我们在未来 不辜负我们伟大的过去。”符合，F项与空前构成递进关系，像泰姬陵和明清两代的陵墓不仅警示着我们做 到最好，而且还激励着我们不辜负过去，故选F项。第三部分:语言运用（共四节，满分55分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入