2023考研英语二真题及答案.docx

2023年全国硕士探讨生入学统一考试(英语二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a "walled garden“ n cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights“ to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration's plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet "drive's license mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 ,They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.healthy diet at home45.A Department of Health spokesperson proposed thatG the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businessesPartCDirections:In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do-roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.Section IV WritingPart ADirection: Suppose your cousin, Liming, has just been admitted to a university, write him/her a letter to1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.Your should write about 100 words on ANSER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part BDirections:Write a short essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANWER SHEET 2.(15 points)2023年全国硕士探讨生入学统一考试英语二参考答案Section I Use of English1-5 ACBDD 6-10 BACCA 11-15 DBACA 16-20 CDACDSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21-25 BBDAA 26-30 DBCBB 31-35 BDCDB 36-40 DCBACPart B41-45 EDCFGPart C有谁会想到，在全球范围内，IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多？占 二氧化碳总排量的2%o许多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。依据你查询正确答案的尝试次数，谷 歌搜寻引擎会插手0.2-7克的二氧化碳的排放量。要快速将结果传递给用户，谷歌必需用强 大和大量的计算机系统来维护全球巨大的数据库中心。这些计算机在散发大量热量的同时也 产生大量的二氧化碳气体。所以中心处理器必须要有很好的散热装备，然而却耗能更多。Section IV WritingPart ADirections: Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to1 ) congratulate him/her, and2 ) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write the address. ( 10 points )审题谋篇：2023年的首次考研英语(二)命题考察了感谢信这一书信题型，2023年再次考察了庆 贺+建议信这一书信题型。2023、2023、2023年考研写作连续三年考察建议信。可见考研英 语(二)写作复习的重中之重仍是考研写作历年真题！两种书信结合的形式在考研写作命题历史上已经出现两次：分别是2023年的辞职+致 歉信，以及2023年的致歉+建议信。本题要求有两点，每点提纲最好各写一段。第一段开宗明义标明写作目的即可：庆贺入 学，同时提出能够得到如此成就是收信人努力的结果，获得此项成果是实至名归；其次段可 提出与高校生活与学习相关的两至三点建议；第三段进行小结。本题为半正式文体，属于写 给挚友的私人书信，可以适当运用缩写、省略句或口语表达。其次，依据题目规定的话题， 构思作文。此处通常是考生犯下致命错误的地方：漏掉题目要求的要点，这样的错误在阅卷 过程中是要严峻。1) congratulate him/her, and 2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.考生须要围绕这两点绽开，留意语言肯定有真诚，并表达美妙祝愿。参考范文Dear Li Ming,Congratulations on your admittance to the University you have dreamed about! I'm absolutely delighted to learn that you have just been admitted to Stanford University. I know there was fierce competition this year but your diligence and perseverance definitely paid off.I'd like to offer you several proposals on how to prepare for your university life. Above all, I do recommend you to take advantage of the library in your university by reading books beside the normal curriculum. In addition, I believe that you may spare your free-time for three main activities: building your body, expanding your knowledge, and communicating with friends and family.I wish you further success in future and hope you will invite me to your graduation ceremony four years later.Yours faithfully,Zhang Wei范文分析：本文首先书信格式完整、正确。段落支配合理，层次清晰，内容连贯，运用了 Above all, In addition等引导文章开展，符合英文书信写作套路。第一段开宗明义，向挚友提出庆贺， 以及庆贺的理由。其次段从课外学习和生活两个角度对高校生活提出建议。最终，庆贺对方 在将来阶段获得更大的成就。另外，本文语言自然流畅，句式和用词都相对丰富多样。因为 是给同辈亲戚写信，因此文中适当运用了祈使句和缩写。符合私人信函的语域。很好的完成 了写作任务。译文：李明：庆贺你中最终被你幻想的高校录用！得知你已被斯坦福高校录用，我由衷地为你感到兴 奋。我知道今年的竞争很激烈，但是你的勤奋和毅力得到了回报。关于如何打算你的高校生活，我想提出几个建议。首先，希望你能充分利用高校的图书 馆资源，课外多读一些书。其次，我认为业余时间应当用来完成三项重要的活动：体育熬炼、 扩展学问面和与挚友家人沟通沟通。诚心地祝愿你在高校期间获得进一步的胜利，希望你能邀请我去参与四年后你的毕业庆 典！你真诚的，张蔚Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should 1 ) interpret the chart and 2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essayon ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)回国产品牌 II系品牌 美系品牌2008、2 年国内轿车市场部分|品牌市场份额示意图J审题谋篇：继2023年考察关于“手机入网”的图表作文之后，2023年考研英语（二）连续其次年 考察图表作文。巧合的是，本题与英语（二）大纲样题同为关于汽车或交通问题的图表作文, 有些表达可以借鉴。2023年1月，日本丰田汽车召回事务引起汽车业关注，日系轿车在中 国大陆的形象一落千丈，销量急剧下降。3月，中国吉利汽车集团收购沃尔沃再次震惊世界, 中国国产品牌引以为豪，销量日增。本题即考察了 “汽车”这一今年热门话题。本题要求为两点，第一点提纲应写成第一段图表描述，无需发表太多争论，就图论图进 行描述即可。其次段可以进行缘由列举，最好从国产汽车销量上升、日系下降的详细缘由着 手分析。一方面，由于国产轿车科技进步、价格促销，从而销量大涨；另一方面，由于日系 轿车深陷丑闻、行业欺诈，从而优势殆尽。第三段可进行归纳结论或提出建议措施，针对国产轿车品牌如何保持并接着扩大市场份 额，进行详细的评论或总结。1. A. sweptB. skippedC. walkedD. ridden2. A. forB. withinC. whileD. though3. A. carelessB. lawlessC. pointlessD. helpless4. A. reasonB. reminderC. compromiseD. proposal5. A. informationB. interferenceC. entertainmentD. equivalent6. A. byB. intoC. fromD. over7. A. linkedB. directedC. chainedD. compared8. A. dismissB. discoverC. createD. improve9. A. recallB. suggestC. selectD. realize10. A. releasedB. issuedC. distributedD. delivered11. A. carry onB .linger onC. set inD. log in12. A. In vainB. In effectC. In returnD. In contrast13. A. trustedB. modernizedc. thrivingD. competing14. A. cautionB. delightC. confidenceD. patience15.A. onB. afterC. beyondD. across16. A. dividedB. disappointedC. protectedD. united17. A. frequentlyB. incidentallyC. occasionallyD. eventually18. A. skepticismB. relevanceC. indifferenceD. enthusiasm19. A. manageableB. defendableC. vulnerableD. invisible20. A. invitedB. appointedC. allowedD. forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2023 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2023. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise“ disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up." Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for.A|gaining excessive profits Bfailing to fulfill her duty Crefusing to make compromises Dleaving the board in tough times 22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be.Agenerous investors Bunbiased executives C share price forecasters DJindependent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director's surprise departure, the firm is likely to.AJbecome more stableBreport increased earningsCdo less well in the stock marketDperform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .Amay stay for the attractive offers from the firmBhave often had records of wrongdoings in the firmCare accustomed to stress-free work in the firmDwill decline incentives from the firm25. The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is.AJpermissiveBpositiveC scornful DcriticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2023. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2023, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying "Newspapers like . their own doom (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper.Aneglected the sign of crisisBJfailed to get state subsidiesCwere not charitable corporationsDwere in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because. AJreaders threatened to pay less BJnewspapers wanted to reduce costs Cljournalists reported little about these areas Dsubscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they. Ahave more sources of revenueBJhave more balanced newsroomsCare less dependent on advertisingDare less affected by readership29. What can be inferred fr