2022-2023学年山西省吕梁市孝义市高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

高二年级2022-2023学年期中考试英语注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的 指定位置。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试 卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。4 .本卷主要考查内容：至选择性必修第一册。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. £19. 15.B.£9. 18. C. £9. 15.答案是C。1. What are the speakers going to do tonight?A. Go to the cinema. B. Buy tickets. C. See friends.2. Where is the woman probably working?A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In a hospital.3. Which subject will the new professor teach?A. Japanese. B. French. C. History.4. What can be learned about Jack?A. He is busy doing the typing.B. He is now attending a meeting.C. He has to drop in on a reporter.5. What do we know from the conversation?A. The man has been abroad for many years.B. The woman thinks the man's English is perfect.C. The man speaks English under the influence of his mother.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后， 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What is the man doing?A. Ithaca currently recognizes only English.B. Ithaca has great market development potential.C. Ithaca can completely replace historians in the future.D. Ithaca cannot bring any profit to its development company.15. What is the best title for the text?A. A Shortcut to Ancient InscriptionsB. Who Will Be the Historians1 Right-Hand Man?C. The Mysterious Contents of Ancient LanguagesD. AI Used to Fill in Missing Words in Ancient Writings【答案】12.B13. C 14. B 15. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员开发的一款人工智能系统，它可以帮助历史学家修复作 品和找出它们的写作时间和地点。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据后句 “the writings（作品）”以及 “and identify when and where they were written （并找出它们 的写作时间和地点）”可知，研究人员开发的人工智能（AI）系统来帮助历史学家恢复文字和并找出它们的写 作时间和地点。划线处和B项：recovery（恢复，复苏）含义相近。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But in many cases, the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries. This left major parts of the inscriptions missing and difficult to identify and understand （但在许多情 况下，包含这些铭文的物品在几个世纪中已经被损坏了，这使得铭文的主要部分丢失，难以识别和理解）” 可知，物品被损坏导致这些古文很难辨认。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“DeepMind has launched （发行）a free, interactive tool based on the system for use by researchers, educators, museum workers and the public. （DeepMind 已经推出 了一个基于该系统的免费交互式 工具，供研究人员、教育工作者、博物馆工作人员和公众使用）”可推知，Ithaca有很大的市场发展潜力。故选Bo【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 “Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence （AI） system to help historians renovate the writings and identify when and where they were written.（研究人员开发了一种人工智能（AI）系统，以 帮助历史学家恢复文字，并确定它们的写作时间和地点）”以及后文对人工智能（AI）系统可以帮助历史学家 解决碰到的困难等作用和用途的介绍，可知D项：AI Used to Fill in Missing Words in Ancient Writings（人工智能用于填补古文中的缺词）合乎题意。故选D。第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How do you feel about bees? Do you get annoyed when they fly around you and do you fear their mission is just to sting （叮）you? 16 Without them, we might starve （饿死）.Bees deserve some respect. They give us honey, and they play their part either pollinating （授粉）the manyvegetables and fruits we eat directly or pollinating the food for the animals that we then consume. 17 That's not all - a study in the UK, found bees and other pollinating insects have a global economic value of around £ 120bn （$150bn） and contribute around £690m （$850m） to the UK economy every year. So, bees are worth protecting.18 But experts say we should be taking care of all our bees. Researchers say conservation efforts should be aimed at a wide number of species even those that currently contribute little to crop pollination in order to maintain biodiversity and ensure future food security. 19 It's something we should be worried about because, as Gill Perkins, chief executive of the Bumblebee Conservation Trust, said, "They provide a whole ecosystem service." The recent lockdowns caused by the coronavirus pandemic （流行病）seem to have given bee populations a little boost because they faced less human disturbance, traffic and polluting fumes.Conservationists hope, going forward, people will appreciate bees more and encourage them to do well as they reconnect with nature. Gill Perkins says, “They are beginning to realise how their mental health and wellbeing is supported by nature - particularly by bumblebees （大黄蜂）,which are so beautiful and buzzy." 20 A. A small number of bee species are essential for crops such as apples and strawberries.B. The bees busied themselves at making honey.C. So, it really seems time to give bees a second chance.D. In fact, they are the world's most important pollinators.E. The words remind people of this saying "honey is sweet but the bee stings”.F. Love them or dislike them, these little insects are extremely important creatures.G. Unfortunately, in recent times, bee populations have been declining due to pesticides, disease and habitat loss.【答案】16.F17. D 18. A 19. G 20. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蜜蜂的作用和人们应该怎样对待蜜蜂。【16题详解】上文 “Do you get annoyed when they fly around you and do you fear their mission is just to sting （叮）you?（当它们在你身边飞来飞去的时候，你会生气吗?你会担心它们的任务只是为了叮你吗?） ”提出我们对蜜蜂的误解, 下文“Without them, we might starve （饿死）.（没有它们，我们可能会挨饿）”介绍蜜蜂的重要性，上下文句意 有转折关系，F 项 “Love them or dislike them, these little insects are extremely important creatures.（不管你喜不 喜欢，这些小昆虫都是极其重要的生物）”承上启下，句中“Love them or dislike them”照应上文人们对蜜蜂 的态度。故选F项。【17题详解】 上文 “They give us honey, and they play their part either pollinating （授粉）the many vegetables and fruits we eat directly or pollinating the food for the animals that we then consume.（它们为我们提供蜂蜜，它们要么为我们直 接食用的许多蔬菜和水果授粉，要么为我们食用的动物的食物授粉）”提出蜜蜂为植物授粉，D项“In fact, they are the world's most important pollinators.（事实上，它们是世界上最重要的传粉者）”承接上文，介绍它们是世 界上最重要的传粉者。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。【18题详解】下文“But experts say we should be taking care of all our bees.（但专家表示，我们应该照顾好所有的蜜蜂）”特 别强调要照顾好所有的蜜蜂，根据But可知，上下文有转折关系；A项“A small number of bee species are essential for crops such as apples and strawberries.（对于苹果和草莓等作物，少数种类的蜜蜂是非常重要的）” 讲只有少数种类的蜜蜂是是非常重要，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。【19题详解】根据指代关系和下文“It's something we should be worried about （这是我们应该担心的事情）”可知，上文应 出现 It 指代对象，且是令人担心的事情,G 项“Unfortunately, in recent times, bee populations have been declining due to pesticides, disease and habitat loss.（不幸的是，近年来，由于杀虫剂、疾病和栖息地的丧失，蜜蜂的数 量一直在下降）”中ubee populations have been decliningv即令人担心的事情，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。【20题详解】上文“They are beginning to realise how their mental health and wellbeing is supported by nature - particularly by bumblebees （他们开始意识到他们的心理健康和幸福是如何得到大自然的支持的尤其是大黄蜂）”提出人 们逐渐开始认识到蜜蜂的重要性，C项“So, it really seems time to give bees a second chance.（所以，似乎真的 是时候再给蜜蜂一次机会了）”承接上文，既然蜜蜂重要，所以应该再给它们机会，让它们再次壮大起来， 上下文语意连贯。故选C项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题，每小题L 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In 1906, Theodore Roosevelt (18581919), America's 26th president, signed the American Antiquities Act.The law 21him-and future presidents一to take immediate action to protect important cultural or natural22. During his time 23（1901-1909）, he established five new national parks and 18 nationalmonuments. He became 24 as "the conservationist （环境保护主义者）president".Roosevelt's 25 for the land and environment came from the time he spent in the Dakota Territory. In 1883, he came to Dakota in 26 of hunting huge animals called bison and had a great 27 in the Western frontier lifestyle.Roosevelt soon developed an interest in 28 cattle. He entered the business and 29$14, 000 tobuild the Maltese Cross Ranch （牧场）.Roosevelt returned to New York while workers constructed the ranch. But, in 1884, he experienced two great 30 losses. His mother and wife 31 illnesses on the same day.Roosevelt again 32 west and sought to 33 the reminders of his recent losses. Roosevelt 34 between New York and Dakota. In 1885, Roosevelt published his first book about his 35 as a rancher and hunter. In it, he predicted that the cattle industry was not sustainable （可持续性的）.In other words, it would not 36.Roosevelt was right. Severe weather 37 the area in 1886 and 1887. In the winter, a terrible 38 killed many cattle. The animals that survived the cold soon starved. The experience, however, influenced Roosevelfsbeliefs about the need for _39 in America. Those beliefs, in turn, helped _40 his policies as president.21. A. permittedB. expectedC. designedD. forced22. A. materialsB. resourcesC. ruinsD. attractions23. A. in practiceB. in theoryC. in officeD. in charge24. A. devotedB. impressedC. addictedD. known25. A. desireB. promiseC. solutionD. concern26. A. behalfB. favourC. hopeD. honour27. A. advantageB. interestC. luckD.sense28. A. raisingB. huntingC. runningD. providing29. A. earnedB.savedC.spentD. introduced30. A. personalB. pleasantC. necessaryD. astonishing31. A. went offB. died ofC. tripped overD. figured out32. A. exploredB. followedC. headedD. left33. A. escapeB. quitC. shareD. concentrate34. A. rushedB. travelledC. survivedD. relaxed35. A. adventuresB. encountersC. experiencesD. decisions36. A. last37. A. involved38. A. accidentB. disappearB. struckB. freezeC. arriveC. supportedC. blowD. occurD. removedD. criticism39. A. conservationB. presentationC. preference40. A. realizeB. acceptC. claim【答案】21 . A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. BD. communicationD.shape41. A 29. D 30. A 31.39. A 40. DB 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了美国总统罗斯福为保护重要的文化和自然资源而创建国家公园以 及介绍罗斯福作为总统出台一系列保护重要的文化和自然资源的政策的原因。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该法律允许他和未来的总统立即采取行动保护重要的文化和自然资源。A. permitted 允许；B. expected 期待；C. designed 设计；D. forced 强迫。根据后句“to take immediate action to protect important cultural (立即采取行动保护重要文化)”可知，是法律允许他采取行动保护重要的文化和自然资源。 故选Ao【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. materials材料；B.resources资源；C.ruins遗迹；D. attractions吸 弓I物。根据后文 “he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments.(他建立了 5 个新的国家公 园和18个国家纪念碑)”可知，他是在保护自然资源。故选B。23题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：在他任职期间(1901-1909),他建立了 5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑。 A. in practice在实践中；B.in theory理论上；C. in office执政，在位；D.in charge负责，主管。根据上文“In 1906, Theodore Roosevelt (18581919), America's 26th president, signed the American Antiquities Act. (1906 年， 美国第26任总统西奥多罗斯福(1858-1919)签署了美国古物法)”可知，在他任职期间，他建立了 5个 新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他被称为“自然资源保护主义总统”。A.devoted忠诚的；B. impressed印象深 刻的；C.addicted入迷的，着迷的；D. known矢口名的，出名的。根据上句“During his time 3 (1901-1909)、 he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments.(在他任职期间(1901-1909),他建立了 5 个新 的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑)”可知，他采取行动保护重要的文化和自然资源，被称为“自然资源保护主 义总统”,become known as “被称为"。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福对土地和环境的关注源于他在达科他地区度过的时光。A.desire愿望，欲 望；B. promise承诺，保证；C. solution （问题、困难等的）解决办法;D.concern担心，忧虑，关注。根 据上文 “During his time 3（1901-1909）. he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments.（在他任职期间（1901-1909）,他建立了 5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑）”可知，罗斯福对土地和环境 非常关注。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词义辨析。句意：1883年，他来到达科塔州，希望能猎杀一种叫做野牛的大型动物，并对西部边疆 的生活方式产生了浓厚的兴趣。A. behalf代表；B. favour支持，喜爱；C. hope希望；D. honour尊敬；荣幸; 根据本句“hunting huge animals called bison （捕猎一种叫做野牛的大型动物）”可知，他希望能猎杀一种叫做 野牛的大型动物。in hope of怀着的希望。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. advantage优势；B.interest兴趣；Cluck运气；D. sense感觉。根 据后文uRoosevelt soon developed an interest in 8 cattle.（罗斯福很快就对养牛产生了兴趣）”可知，罗 斯福对西部边疆的生活方式产生了浓厚的兴趣。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福很快就对养牛产生了兴趣。A. raising提升，养；B.hunting打猎，猎取； C. running 跑步；D. providing 提供。根据后文 “He entered the business and 9$14.000 to build the MalteseCross Ranch（牧场）（他进入了这个行业，投入了 14000美元建造了马耳他十字牧场）”可知，罗斯福很快就对 养牛产生了兴趣。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他进入了这个行业，投入了 14000美元建造了马耳他十字牧场。A. earned挣得;B.saved 拯救；C. spent 花费；D. introduced 弓| 进，投入。根据本句 “$14,000 to build the Maltese Cross Ranch（牧 场）（14000美元来建造马耳他十字牧场）”可知，罗斯福投入了 14000美元建造马耳他十字牧场。故选D。【30题详解】考形容词词义辨析。句意：但在1884年，他经历了两次重大的个人损失。A. personal个人的；B. pleasant 愉快的；C. necessary 必要的；D. astonishing 惊人的。根据后句 His mother and wife 11 illnesses on the same day.（他的母亲和妻子在同一天因病去世）”可知，罗斯福经历了两次重大的个人损失。故选A。【31题详解】考查词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲和妻子在同一天因病去世。A.wentoff离去；B.diedof因死，死于;C.tripped over被绊倒；D.figured out解决;算出。根据本句“illnesses （疾病）”可知，他的母亲和妻子 因病去世。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福再次前往西部，试图摆脱他最近痛苦的回忆。A. explored开发；B. followed 跟着;听从；C.headed前往、率领;D. left离开。根据本句的“again（再一次）”可知,他再一次的前往西部。 故选C。33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. escape逃跑，逃避；B. quit停止，戒掉；C.share分享；D. concentrate 集中精力于。根据上文His mother and wife 11 illnesses on the same day.（他的母亲和妻子在同一天因 病去世）”可知，罗斯福再次前往西部，试图摆脱他最近痛苦的回忆。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福往返于纽约和达科他之间。A. rushed迅速移动；B. travelled旅行，走动， 移动；C. survived幸存；D. relaxed休息。根据本句ubetween New York and Dakota （在纽约和达科塔之间）” 可知，罗斯福往返于两地之间。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1885年，罗斯福出版了他的第一本书，讲述他作为牧场主和猎人的经历。A. adventures 冒险；B. encounters 遭遇；C. experiences 经历；D. decisions ：夬定。根据本句"as a rancher and hunter （作为牧场主和猎人）”可知，罗斯福的书讲述是他作为牧场主和猎人的经历。故选C。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，它不会持久。A. last持续；B. dis叩pear消失，不见；C.arrive到达， 抵达；D. occur 发生。根据上句 “In it, he predicted that the cattle industry was not sustainable（可持续性的）.（在 书中，他预言养牛业是不可持续的）”可知，罗斯福认为养牛业不会持久。故选A。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福是对的。恶劣的天气在1886年和1887年袭击了该地区。A. involved牵涉, 包含；B. struck打，撞；袭击；C. supported支持；D. removed移开，拿开。根据本句“Severe weather （恶 劣的天气）”可知，恶劣的天气袭击了该地区。故选B。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：冬天，一场可怕的冰冻冻死了许多牛。A.accident交通事故，车祸；B.freeze冰 冻期；霜冻;C. blow （风）刮,吹；D. criticism批评，批判。根据本句“in the winter （在冬天）”可知,冬 天，一场可怕的冰冻冻死了许多牛。故选B。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这段经历影响了罗斯福关于美国需耍保护的信念。A. conservation保护， 保存；B.presentation授予,颁发；C.preference偏爱,偏好；D. communication交流，交际。根据上句“In the winter, a terrible 18 killed many cattle. The animals that survived the cold soon starved.(冬天, 场可怕的 冰冻冻死了许多牛，在寒冷中幸存下来的动物很快就饿死了)”可知，这个经历影响了罗斯福关于美国需要 保护的信念。故选A。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些信念反过来又帮助形成了他作为总统的政策。A. realize 了解，意识到；B. accept 接受,收受；C.claim声称,断言;D.shape形成，影响。根据上文“During his time 3(1901-1909), heestablished five new national parks and 18 national monuments.(他任职期间(1901-1909),他建立了 5 个新的国 家公园和18个国家纪念碑)”可知，这些信念帮助形成了罗斯福作为总统的政策。故选D。第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Japanese researchers have developed computerized chopsticks that improve salty tastes, potentially helping those who need to reduce sodium (钠)in their diets.Co-developed by Meiji University professor Homei Miyashita and drink maker Kirin Holdings Co., the chopsticks enhance tastes 41 (use) electrical stimulation and a mini-computer worn on a wristband.The device uses a weak electrical current to send sodium ions(离子)from food, through the chopsticks, 42 the mouth where they create a sense of saltiness, said Miyashita.Miyashita and his lab have explored various 43 (way) that technology can interact with and stimulate human sensory experiences.The taste-enhancing chopsticks may have particular significance in Japan, 44 the traditional diet favours salty tastes. The average Japanese adult 45 (consume) about 10 grams of salt per day, double