2022-2023学年湖南省长沙市长郡中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

长郡中学2022年下学期高二期中考试英语时间：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题L5分，满分75分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15 B.f9.18. C. £9.15.答案是c。1. What is the girl looking for?A. Her school bag. B. Her pencil-box. C. Her pencil.2. Who got injured in the accident?A. A baby. B. Three women. C. Nobody.3. What do we know about the man?A. He wants to get a new position.B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.4. What does the man mean?A. He can't afford the new car.B. His friend has bought the car for him.C. He has already made the down payment on the car.5. How does the woman go to Philadelphia probably?A. By car. B. By subway. C. By taxi.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。birds don't have.Other studies support the idea that the bird brain can, in principle, support the development of higher intelligence. It had been dismissed in the past due to the small size of birds, brains. But recent research has shown that in birds, the neurons （神经元）are smaller and more lightly-packed, which makes sense to reduce weight and makes it easier lo fly. The total number of brain cell in crows （about 1.5 billion） is about the same as that in some monkey species. But because they are more tightly-packed, the communication between the neurons seems to be better, and the overall intelligence of crows may be closer to that of gorillas （猩猩）.This research has important consequences for our understanding of the evolution of higher intelligence. First, a cerebral cortex is not needed, and there are other means to achieve the same outcome. Second, either the evolution of consciousness is very ancient tracing back to the last common ancestor of mammals and birds about 320 million years ago, or, equally interesting, consciousness arose at least twice later on, independently in mammals and birds. Both options raise the possibility that higher intelligence on the planet may not necessarily be mammal or human-like, but could very well be birdlike.12. What did Andreas Nieder's team find out about crows?A. They are more intelligent than other animals.B. They have left people a very good impression.C. They are much cleverer than previously thought.D. They can use tools to solve certain problems.13. What does the underlined "It" in paragraph 3 refer to?A. The idea.B. The bird brain.C. The development.D. Higher intelligence.14. Why do crows have high-level intelligence?A. They have more tightly-packed brains.B. They have a small number of brain cells.C. Their brain neurons could communicate well.D. Their brain cells are the same with the monkeys.15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Cerebral cortexes are necessary for the evolution of higher intelligence.B. Both mammals and birds got their intelligence from common ancestors.C. Higher intelligence has already developed separately in different species.D. Higher intelligence on the planet might be different from what we imagine.【答案】12.C13. A 14. C 15. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现乌鸦比我们之前想的要聪明得多并分析了原因。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第段 “In a fascinating paper published last year in Science, a team led by Andreas Nieder of the University of Tubingen in Germany showed that crows 一already known to be among the most intelligent of animals 一 are even more impressive than we knew.”（在去年发表在科学杂志上的一篇引人入胜的论文中，由德 国图宾根大学的安德烈亚斯尼德领导的一个研究小组表明，乌鸦一一已经被认为是最聪明的动物之甚至比我们所知的更令人印象深刻）及第二段 “Crows had been observed previously to use tools to solve certain problems. Nieder's experiment showed that the birds were actively evaluating how to solve a particular problem; in effect, they were thinking it over."（之前人们观察到乌鸦会使用工具来解决某些问题。尼德的实验表明，这些 鸟正在积极评估如何解决特定问题；实际上，他们正在仔细思考）可知，尼德的研究小组发现乌鸦比我们 之前想的要聪明得多，故选C。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前的 “Other studies support the idea that the bird brain can, in principle, support the development of higher intelligence/,可知，其他研究也支持这样一种观点，即鸟类的大脑原则上可以支持更 高智力的发展。此处承接上文，说的是在过去，由于鸟类的大脑体积较小，这一观点一直被忽视，由此可 知It指代的就是前文提到的“鸟类的大脑原则上可以支持更高智力的发展”这一观点，故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。 根据第三段 “But because they are more tightly-packed, the communication between the neurons seems In be better, and the overall intelligence of crows may be closer to that of gorillas."（但由于脑细胞的排列 更紧密，神经元之间的交流似乎更好，乌鸦的整体智力可能更接近大猩猩）可知，乌鸦的智力很高是因为 它们的大脑神经元之间能够很好地交流，故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后段 “Both options raise the possibility that higher intelligence on the planet may not necessarily be mammal or human-like, but could very well be birdlike. "（这两种选择都提出了 一种可能性，即地 球上的高智商生物不一定是哺乳动物或类人的，但很可能是类鸟的）可知，地球上的高智商生物可能与我 们想象的不同，故选D。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Philadelphia is a city known for many things. It is where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, and it was also the first capital of the United States. 16 It is home to nearly 3,000 murals （壁画）painted on the side of homes and buildings around the city. That's more murals than any other city on Earth. 17More than 20 years ago, a New Jersey artist named Jane Golden started a program pairing troubled youth with artists to paint murals on a few buildings around the city. 18 The teenagers involved helped to create magnificent pieces of art, and there were other, even more important, benefits. The young people learned to cooperate and get along with many different kinds of people during the painting. They learned to be responsible, because they needed to follow a schedule to make sure the murals were completed. 19 It is hard for anyone to see the spectacular designs and not feel proud to be a part of Philadelphia.Take a walk around some of the poorest neighborhoods in Philadelphia and you will find beautiful works of art on the sides and fronts of buildings. Of course the murals are not just in poor neighborhoods, but richer ones as well. Special buses take tourists to different parts of the city to see the various murals, which show the diverse ethnic groups that call Philadelphia home.20 It is also a model for other cities throughout America seeking to help troubled youth.A. How did this come to be?B. What happened to the murals on Earth?C. They also learned to take pride in their community.D. But one fact about Philadelphia is not so well-known.E. From this small project, something magical happened.F. The program encouraged troubled youth to paint together with their teachers.G. As a result of its success, the murals program has now become the nation's largest public art program.【答案】16.D17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。费城拥有近3000幅壁画在城市周围的房屋和建筑物的侧面，文章介绍了这些 壁画的由来以及意义。【16题详解】根据本段第句 u Philadelphia is a city known for many things. It is where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, and it was also the first capital of the United States.（费城是一个以许多事物闻名的城市。它是 1776年独立宣言签署的地方，也是美国的第一个首都。）”，可知费城因为很多事件而为人所知；D项“But one fact about Philadelphia is not so well-known.（但关于费城的一个事实并不为人所知。）"，根据 But可知，此处是对前文的转折，同时引出本文所重点介绍的内容，下一句"It is home to nearly 3,000 murals （壁 画）painted on the side of homes and buildings around the city.（这里有近 3000 幅壁画，画在城市周围的房屋和 建筑物的侧面。）”，D项承接下文，上下文语意衔接连贯。故选D项。【17题详解】根据上文 “It is home to nearly 3,000 murals （壁画）painted on the side of homes and buildings around the city.That's more murals than any other city on Earth.（这里有近3000幅壁画，画在城市周围的房屋和建筑物的侧面。 这里的壁画比地球上任何一个城市都多。）”可知，费城拥有比世界其他城市都多的壁画；A项“How did this come to be?"承接上文，句中的this指代“费城有那么多壁画在房屋和建筑物的侧面”，而下文"More than 20 years ago, a New Jersey artist named Jane Golden started a program pairing troubled youth with artists to paint murals on a few buildings around the city. （20多年前，新泽西一位名叫简戈尔登的艺术家发起了一个项目， 让问题青年和艺术家们在城市周围的几栋建筑上绘制壁画。）”，解释了这些壁画的由来，呼应A项中的问 题。A项起到承上启下的作用。故选A项。【18题详解】根据上文 “More than 20 years ago, a New Jersey artist named Jane Golden started a program pairing troubled youth with artists to paint murals on a few buildings around the city. （20 多年前，新泽西一位名叫简戈尔登的 艺术家发起了一个项目，让问题青年和艺术家们在城市周围的几栋建筑上绘制壁画。）”可知，这个在建筑 物上绘制壁画的项目中有问题青年参与，而E项“From this small project, something magical happened.（在这 个小项目中，一些神奇的事情发生了）。其中的this small project承接上文，而something magical happened 贝弓I 出下文，空格后 “The teenagers involved helped to create magnificent pieces of art, and there were other, even more important, benefits. The young people learned to cooperate and get along with many different kinds of people during the painting. They learned to be responsible, because they needed to follow a schedule to make sure the murals were completed.（参与其中的青少年帮助创造了壮丽的艺术品，还有其他更重要的好处。在绘画过 程中，年轻人学会了与各种各样的人合作和相处。他们学会了负责任，因为他们需要按照时间表来确保壁 画的完成。）”可知，这些问题少年参与到壁画的创作中，并且在这个过程中他们得到更重要的好处，这些 就是神奇的事情，上下文衔接连贯。故选E项。【19题详解】空前“The teenagers involved helped to create magnificent pieces of art, and there were other, even more important, benefits. The young people learned to cooperate and get along with many different kinds of people during the painting. They learned to be responsible, because they needed to follow a schedule to make sure the murals were completed.（参与其中的青少年帮助创造了壮丽的艺术品，还有其他更重要的好处。在绘画过程中，年轻人 学会了与各种各样的人合作和相处。他们学会了负责任，因为他们需要按照时间表来确保壁画的完成。）” 可知，这些参与绘画的有问题的青少年有了转变，学会了合作，有了责任感，learn为复现词，C项“They alsolearned to take pride in their community.（他们还学会了为自己的社区感到骄傲）”，其中also learned承接上文， take pride in 弓| 出下文，下文 “It is hard for anyone to see the spectacular designs and not feel proud to be a part of Philadelphia.（任何人看到这些壮观的设计，都很难不为自己是费城的一员而感到自豪。广feel proud呼应 take pride in,上下文衔接连贯。故选C项。【20题详解】本段是最后一段，全文介绍了费城城市壁画的起源及巨大的影响，空后uIt is also a model for other cities throughout America seeking to help troubled youth.（它也是全美其他城市帮助问题青年的典范。）”,其中的also, 应承接上文，G 项 “As a result of its success, the murals program has now become the nation's largest public art program.（由于它的成功，壁画项目现在已经成为全国最大的公共艺术项目。）”，是对费城壁画的地位评价， 总结全文，符合文意。故选G项。第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分35分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Camogli looks like any other small Italian coastal town. The little 21 houses face the sea. The sunlight warms their beauty. But, look carefully and you'll see many things that seem 22.but they're not.This fishing village is full of trompe I foeil an art form in which nothing is what it appears to be. While some flowers die others live for years. Why? Because they're23 on the building!Trompe I foeil has been around for centuries. 24. Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in brightcolors and unusual designs, so that they could see their homes 25 from the water. Then,in the 1700s, it became a way to make small, simple buildings look 26 and high-valued.And today? There are still many trompe I'oeil houses in villages like Camogli, but only a few artists are27.to paint them. Carlo is one of this ever-decreasing band of artists who's managed to make a business out ofit.His 28 are often people who want to improve their home's 29, But for Carlo trompe I'oeilspurpose is to bring something 30 to a new place, such as bringing the city to the sea or even the deserts to the cities.Carlos painting style 31 the past. He only uses old-style paints and mixes them by hand. He does so for one reason: to protect the trompe I'oeil32, He also believes this art should be 33 everywhere.Fortunately, in Camogli, local art and culture are still 34. But remember, don't always 35your eyes!21. A. coloredB. crowdedC. dampD. wooden22. A. fancyB. novelC. realD. valuable23. A. carvedB. pressedC. paintedD. planted24. A. CreativelyB. MistakenlyC. FrequentlyD. Originally25. A. closelyB. easilyC. happilyD. hopefully26. A. comfortableB. complicatedC. grandD. harmonious27. A. allowedB. availableC. responsibleD. introduced28. A. designersB. followersC. customersD. partners29. A. appearanceB. capacityC. convenienceD. privacy30. A. civilizedB. farawayC. naturalD. unexpected31 A. comes fromB. brings aboutC. goes againstD. leaves out32. A. artistsB. buildingsC. paintsD. traditions33 A. acceptedB. discussedC. learnedD. seen34. A. changingB. aliveC. diverseD. unique35. A. believeB. blockC. widenD. cheat【答案】21.A22. C23. C 24. D25. B 26. C 27. B28. C 29. A 30. D31.A 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了卡莫利艺术形式的起源和发展，从多方面说明了这种艺术形式 的美学价值。21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:小小的彩色房屋面朝大海。阳光温暖着它们的美丽。A. colored有色的;B. crowded 拥挤的；C. damp 潮湿的；D. wooden 木质的。根据下文“Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors” 可知，这些房屋是有颜色的。故选A项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，仔细看，你会发现许多看似有价值的东西但事实并非如此。A. fancy 幻想的;B. novel 新颖的；C. real 真实的;D. valuable 有价值的。根据下文“This fishing village is full of trompe Poeil 一 an art form in which nothing is what it appears to be” 可知，这个渔村充满了错视画，他是一种似乎什 么都没有的艺术形式。因为是什么都没有，所以应该是看起来似乎是真实的，但是不是真实的。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为它们被涂在建筑物上！ A. carved雕刻；B. pressed按压；C.painted绘画；D. planted 种植。根据下文 “Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors可知，这些花朵是画在 屋子上的。故选c项。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初，Camogli的渔民用鲜艳的色彩和不寻常的图案为房屋涂漆，以便他们可以 从水中轻松地看到自己的房屋。A. Creatively创造性地；B. Mistakenly错误地；C. Frequently频繁地；D. Originally最初。根据前文“Trompe roeil has been around for centuries.n可知，错视画这种艺术形式已经存 在几个世纪了，接下来介绍错视画的起源。故选D项。【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初，Camogli的渔民用鲜艳的色彩和不寻常的图案为房屋涂漆，以便他们可以 从水中轻松地看到自己的房屋。A. closely紧密地；B. easily容易地；C. happily愉快地；D.hopefully有希望 地。根据常识可知，渔民将房屋涂上颜色是为了从水中轻松地看到自己的房屋。故选B项。【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，在1700年代，它成为一种使小型，简单的建筑物看起来和谐且高价值 的方法。A. comfortable舒适的；B.complicated复杂的；C.grand气派的；D. harmonious和谐的。根据后文 “high-valued”可知，这样的艺术形式使得房屋看起来很气派、很高档。故选C项。【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在像卡莫利这样的村庄中，仍然有很多错综复杂的房屋，但只有少数艺术家可以粉刷它们。A. allowed合法的；B. available可用的；C. responsible负责任；D.introduced引进的。根据后文 “Carlo is one of this ever-decreasing band of artists who's managed to make a business out of it. " 可知， 能 表达这种艺术的艺术家很少见。故选B项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他的客户通常是想改善自己房屋外观的人。A. designers设计师；B. followers追 随者；C. customers客户；D. partners伙伴。根据上文“make a business out of it”可知，他准备利用这种绘 画能力做生意，表明找到他的人即他的客户。故选C项。【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的客户通常是想改善自己房屋外观的人。A. appearance外观；B. capacity容量;C. convenience 便利； D. privacy 私密。 根据上文 “Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors and unusual designsv可知，这些渔民设计和绘画的是房屋的外表。故选A项。【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是对于CarlotrompeFoeil来说，其目的是将自然的东西带到一个新的地方, 例如将城市带入大海，甚至将沙漠带入城市。A. civilized文明的；B. faraway遥远的；C.natural自然的；D. unexpected 意夕卜的。 根据后文 “ such as bringing the city to the sea or even the deserts to the cities” 可知，这种艺术形式的目的是将意想不到的事务带到一个新的地方。故选D项。31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:卡洛斯绘画风格来自于过去。A.comes from来自；B.brings about带来；C. goes against 反对；D. leaves out 离开。根据后文 “He only uses old-style paints and mixes them by hand.” 可知，他 使用的绘画风格源于老式的的绘画风格。故选A项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这样做的原因之一是：保护错视的传统。A. artists艺术家；B.buildings建筑；C. paints 油漆； D. traditions 传统。 根据上文 uCarlo is one of this ever-decreasing band of artists who's managed to make a business out of it.可知，能表达