2022-2023学年陕西省渭南市华阴市高一上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

华阴市第一学期期末教学质量检测高一英语试题注意事项: 1.本试卷共10页，全卷满分150分，答题时间为120分钟；2 .答卷前，考生须准确填写自己的姓名、学校、准考证号，并认真核准条形码上的姓名、学校、 准考证号；3 .本试卷由选择题和非选择题两大部分组成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题必须使 用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写，涂写要工整、清晰;4 .考试结束后，监考员将答题卡按顺序收回，装袋整理;试题卷不回收。 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题，每小题L5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .What color does the woman like most now?A.Light yellow. B.Dark blue. C.Light blue.2 .What is the dog's name?A.Robert. B.Scott. C.Michael.3 .How often does the woman watch a movie?A.Twice a week. B.Three times a week. C.Four times a week.4 .How much is a ticket?A.$ 25, B.$50. C.$2.5 .At what time will the speakers get to the sports meeting?A.8:45. B.8:30. C.8:15.第二节（共15小题，每小题L5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各 小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6 .Where does the conversation take place?A.At an airport. B.At a hotel. C.At a hospital.质事件不能作为是它们的相似之处。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句 "The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict exactly when they will happen. "（自然灾害造成的破坏主要是由于我们无法准确预测它们何时发生。） 可知，自然灾害造成如此大的破坏的原因是很难准确预测它们何时会发生。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句 "Most natural disasters cannot be prevented, and both emergency preparation and good disaster management are the best ways to deal with them. "（大多数自然灾害是无法预防的， 应急准备和良好的灾害管理都是对付这些灾害的最佳办法。）可知，人类面临自然灾害时做好准备和灾害管 理的办法是可取的。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要第一段主要讲述了人类面临自然灾害的种类；第二自然段主要讲述了自然灾害造成 如此大的破坏的原因；第三、四及五自然段主要讲述了人类对付这些灾害的两种最佳办法；可知，自然灾 害和人类最适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lessons Learned from the OlympicsThe Olympic Games are enjoyed by everyone. Here are some tips about how to bring the deeper meaning of the Olympics into your life:Find your strong feelings and develop them.16, each standing for a specific activity that athletes have chosen to follow. You can recognize the creativity and excitement and form strong feelings about it, which will help you to achieve your dreams.Excellence comes with hard work and practice. Learning about the training schedules of Olympic athletesreminds us that success doesn't come easily.17 Set long-term goals as well as realistic ones and try yourbest to reach them.18, and remember the most important competitor you have is actually yourself.Face the failures. Every athlete who has made it into the Olympic competition has suffered injury and disappointment along the way, but that has not been the end of their dream.1920 With the symbol of its five-ring Olympic flag, the Olympics celebrate the unity of the games while honoring individual nationalities. Athletes show respect for those from other countries.A. Respect each otherB Their pride is obviousC. Practice is the servant of successD. Schedules determine the fate of a playerE. There are hundreds of events at the OlympicsF. Work hard at your personal bestG. They know that they can learn more from failure than success【答案】16.E17. C 18. F 19. G 20. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们可以从奥运会中学到的道理。【16题详解】根据下文同位语“each standing for a specific activity that athletes have chosen to follow （每一个都代表着运动员 选择参加的特定运动）”可知，设空句中会提到奥运会上的运动项目，E项uThere are hundreds of events at the Olympics （奥运会有数百个项目）”中“events”即下文同位语解释的内容，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。【17题详解】上文 u Learning about the training schedules of Olympic athletes reminds us that success doesn't come easily.（T 解 奥运会运动员的训练计划提醒我们，成功来之不易）”指出成功来之不易，C项"Practice is the servant of success（练习是成功的仆人）”承接上文，提出成功的方法，并照应段首句"Excellence comes with hard work and practice.（卓越来自于努力和练习）”，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。【18题详解】根据下文 “and remember the most important competitor you have is actually yourself.（同时记住，你最重要的竞 争对手其实是你自己）”中and可知，上下文是并列关系，F项“Work hard at your personal best （尽你自己最 大的努力）”同样点明“自己”的重要性，同时照应段首句"Excellence comes with hard work and practice.（卓 越来自于努力和练习）”，“work hard”是关键词。故选F项。【19题详解】上文 “Every athlete who has made it into the Olympic competition has suffered injuiy and disappointment along the way, but that has not been the end of their dream.（每个参加奥运会的运动员都经历过伤病和失望，但这并不 是他们梦想的终点）”指出运动员都有失败的经历，G项“They know that they can learn more from failure than success （他们知道他们可以从失败中学到比成功更多的东西）”给出运动员面对失败的态度，照应段首句的 建议“Face the failures.（直面失败广 上下文语意连贯。故选G项。【20题详解】设空句是段首主题句，根据下文 “With the symbol of its five-ring Olympic flag, the Olympics celebrate the unity of the games while honoring individual nationalities. Athletes show respect for those from other countries.（奥林匹 克运动会以五环会旗为标志，在尊重各个民族的同时，颂扬了奥运会的团结。运动员表现出对其他国家运 动员的尊重）”可知，本段主要讲要团结，要相互尊重，所以A项“Respect each other（相互尊重）”是最佳主 题句。故选A项。第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。For most people, getting a car opens up a new world of freedom and allows you to go wherever you want and whenever you want. Getting a car did 21 these for me, and it also brought my best friend and me 22 But then it tore us apart.My best friend lives not far from my 23 Soon I seemed to become her 24when I drove a car at theage of 16 in December, since her 25 is in late summer, seven months behind me.And so T 26 her up for school and took her home. We made ice-cream 27 shopping and to the moviesall in my car. I would drive to her house just to sit on her bed, read magazines and have a good laugh. I went to her house so 28 that she gave me a key to her house.A week after I began to 29 she was with me when I had my first accident. She was there and 30 me. And we kept it a 31 since I didn't want people to know. From then on, through thick and thin, it was just me, my 32 and my best friend.High school is a time of 33 But fbr a long time I couldn't 34 how we became so distant (疏 远的).Finally, my best friend 35 her dream car. With its 36 the passenger seat of my car became 37 Our car trips became less frequent until I didn't 38 drive down her street.It's funny how a car can change a(n) 39 so much. I had wanted her to get a car, but once she did, I 40 it. I wanted her friendship back even if it couldn't be the same.21. A. someB. anyC. noneD. all22. A. closerB. luckierC. fartherD. happier23. A. neighborB. schoolC. homeD. office24. A. guideB. followerC. partnerD. driver25. A. holidayB. birthdayC. courseD.job26. A. pickedB. wokeC. calledD. hurried27. A. hostsB. tripsC. schoolsD. classes28. A. hurriedlyB. frequentlyC. proudlyD. suddenly29. A. singB. writeC. driveD. paint30. A. admittedB. suggestedC. advisedD. comforted31. A. favoriteB. secretC. prideD. joke32. A. bikeB. busC. carD. plane33. A. changeB. disappointmentC. happinessD. excitement34. A. speakB. answerC. askD. understand35. A. foundB. lostC. gotD.sold36. A. arrivalB. dreamC. returnD. beauty37. A. brokenB. crowdedC. emptyD. different38.A. everB.evenC. stillD. again39. A. friendshipB. lifeC. ideaD. world40. A. likedB. receivedC. enjoyedD. regretted【答案】2LD22. A23. C 24. D25. B 26. A 27. B28. B 29. CB 32. C 33. A34. D 35. C36. A 37. C 38. B39. A 40. D30. D31.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲作者拥有自己的汽车后，和自己最好的朋友在一起的时间增多了， 如接送她上下学，一起购物等。但当好朋友有自己的车后，她们的关系变疏远了。最后作者感慨一辆汽车 使自己和好朋友的友谊发生了如此大的变化，她多想重拾这份友谊。21题详解】考查不定代词辨析。句意：有了一辆车为我做到了所有这些，也让我和我最好的朋友走得更近了。A. some 一些;B. any 任何;C. none 没有人；D. all 全部。根据上文 “For most people, getting a car opens up a new world of freedom and allows you to go wherever you want and whenever you want. ” 可知，作者认为有 了 一辆车为 自 己做到了 “打开一个自由的新世界，让你想去哪儿就去哪儿”所有这些事，应用all。故选D。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了一辆车为我做到了这些，也让我和我最好的朋友走得更近了。A. closer 更近的；B. luckier更幸运的；C. farther更远的；D.happier更快乐的。结合后文“But then it tore us apart.” 可知，but表示转折，说明有了车一开始两人的关系更近了。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友住得离我家不远。A. neighbor邻居；B. school学校；C. home家； D. office办公室。根据后文u And so I 6 her up for school and took her home.可推测，作者的好朋友离自己家不远。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久，当我在12月满16岁时，我似乎成了她的司机，因为她的生日是在夏末, 比我晚了七个月。A. guide导游；B. follower跟随者；C.partner伙伴；D. driver司机。根据后文“her up for school and took her home”可知，作者接送朋友上下学，好像她的司机。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久，当我在12月满16岁时，我似乎成了她的司机，因为她的生日是在夏末, 比我晚了七个月。A. holiday假日；B. birthday生日；C.course课程；D. job工作。根据后文“is in late summer, seven months behind mev可推测，此处是在说明作者朋友的生日时间。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以我去接她上学，然后送她回家。A. picked捡起，接；B. woke醒来；C. called 打电话；D.hurried赶紧。根据后文“her up for school and took her home.”指接送某人，应用短语pick sb. up。 故选Ao27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们去吃冰淇淋之旅、购物、看电影所有这些都用我的车。A. hosts主人；B. trips 旅行；C. schools 学校；D. class6s 课程。结合后文 shopping and to the movies一all in my car” 可知， 所有的行程都在用作者的车。后文“Our car trips became less frequent until I didn't 18 drive down herstreet.”也是提示。故选B。28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我经常去她家，她给了我她家的钥匙。A. hurriedly匆忙地；B. frequently频繁地;C.proudly自豪地；D. suddenly突然。根据后文"she gave me a key to her house可推测，作者经常去朋友 家，所以有她家的钥匙。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始开车一个星期后，我第一次出车祸时，她就在我身边。A. sing唱歌；B. write 写；C. drive 驾驶；D. paint 绘画。根据后文 “she was with me when I had my first accident” 可知，是在开车 一星期后出了车祸。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在那里安慰我，我们把这件事保密，因为我不想让别人知道。A. admitted承 认；B. suggested建议；C.advised建议；D. comforted安慰。根据上文“She was there”可知,朋友安慰作者, 应用comforto故选Do【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们把这件事保密，因为我不想让别人知道。A. favorite最喜欢；B.secret秘密;C pride自豪；D.joke玩笑。根据后文“since I didn't want people to know”可知，作者和朋友把车祸的事情 保密。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，无论风风雨雨，只有我、我的小汽车和我最好的朋友。A. bike自行 车；B. bus 公共汽车；C. car 小汽车；D. plane 飞机。根据前文 “We made ice-cream 7, shopping and to themovies-all in my car.”及全文可知，文章多次提及小汽车。故选C。33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：高中是一个变化的时期，但久而久之我就不明白我们怎么变得那么疏远了。A. change 改变；B. disappointment 失望；C. happiness 幸福；D. excitement 激动。结合后文"But for a long time I couldn't 14 how we became so distant (疏远的)作者和朋友疏远了 ,可知，高中是一个变化的时期。后文 uIt funny how a car can change a(n)19 so much.” 也是提示。故选 A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：高中是一个变化的时期，但久而久之我就不明白我们怎么变得那么疏远了。A. speak 讲话；B.answer 回答；C.ask 询问；D. understand 理解。根据后文 “how we became so distant” 可知， 作者和朋友疏远了，作者并不明白其中的缘由。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：终于，我最好的朋友得到了她梦寐以求的车。A. found找到；B. lost丢失；C. got 得到；D.sold出售。呼应后文“I had wanted her to get a car”指好朋友拥有汽车了。故选C。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着它的到来，我车上的副驾驶座位空了下来。A. arrival到达；B. dream梦想； Creturn返回；D.beauty美丽。上文提到朋友有车了，所以是随着车的到来。故选A。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着它的到来，我车上的副驾驶座位空了下来。A. broken破碎的；B. crowded 拥挤的；C. empty空的；D.different不同的。根据后文“Our car trips became less frequent”可知，朋友有了 自己的车，不再坐作者的车了，所以作者副驾驶座位空了下来。故选C。【38题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们开车旅行的次数越来越少，直到我甚至不再沿着她的街道开车。A.ever曾 经；B. even甚至；C.still仍然；D. again再次。根据后文“drive down her street”可知，作者甚至不再沿着 好朋友的街道开车了。故选B。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一辆车能改变一段友谊真是有趣。A. friendship友谊；B. life生活；C. idea想法;D. world 世界。根据后文“I wanted her friendship back even if it couldn't be the same.” 以及上文主要描述了车 给作者和朋友的友谊带来的改变。故选A。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想让她拥有一辆车，但她一拥有了，我就后悔了。A. liked喜欢；B. received 收至I；C. enjoyed 欣赏；D. regretted 后悔。根据后文 u I wanted her friendship back even if it couldn't be the same.v 可知，作者和朋友的友谊因为朋友拥有车发生了变化，所以一方面作者想让她拥有车，另一方面她有车了， 作者就后悔了。故选D。第二节语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在答题卡相应位置处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Are computers going to be smarter than people someday? Maybe. But are they going to tell 41 (story) and have a sense of humor? Ray Kurzweil believes this will happen. Ray Kurzweil is an author, and 42 (invent), a computer scientist and a futurist. He makes predictions (预测)about computers. He believes that by 2029, computers will do things 43 (good) than humans. He predicts that by 2045, computers will be more powerful. Someday soon, he says, we 44 (have) little computers in our brains.Kurzweil is good45making predictions. For example, here are a few of his predictions from his book.The Age of Intelligent Machines, written in the late 1980s: Documents will include more than just words and they will include voice, music,46other sounds; computers will be as common as pencils and books in schools; wewill use wireless networks 47 (share) information.Kurzweil is now working on a project 48 will improve the way computers search. He predicts that one day computers will 49 (actual) understand our questions. He also thinks technology is going to help 50(we) live longer.【答案】41. stories42. inventor43. better 44. will have45. at 46. and47. to share48. which#that49. actually50. us【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 Ray Kurzweil作出的关于计算机的预测。【41题详解】考查名词的数。句意：但它们会讲故事、有幽默感吗？ tell a story/stories讲故事。故填stories。【42题详解】考查名词。句意：Ray Kurzweil是一位作家、发明家、计算机科学家和未来学家。不定冠词an修饰单数名 词,结合author和scientist及futurist可知，此处表示“发明家”。故填inventor。【43题详解】考查比较级。句意：他认为，到2029年，计算机将比人类做得更好。根据介词than可知，用副词的比较级 形式。故填better。【44题详解】考查时态。句意：他说，不久的将来，我们的大脑中将会有小型计算机。根据时间状语Someday soon可知, 此处需用一般将来时。故填will haveo【45题详解】考查介词。句意：Kurzweil擅长预测。be good at为固定短语，意为“擅长”。故填at。【46题详解】考查连词。句意：文件将不仅仅包括文字，还将包括声音、音乐和其他声音。名词voice, music和othersounds 之间为并列关系，所以用并列连词and。故填and。【47题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将使用无线网络来共享信息。use sth. to do使用某物做，为固定用法，空 处需填动词不定式。故填to share。【48题详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kurzweil目前正在进行一个项目，该项目将改进计算机搜索的方式。空处引导限制 性定语从句，先行词project,指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填 which/thato【49题详解】考查副词。句意：他预言有一天电脑会真正理解我们的问题。修饰动词understand可知，需用副词作状语。 故填 actually o【50题详解】考查代词。句意：他还认为科技将帮助我们活得更久。动词help后接人称代词的宾格形式。故填us。第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）51 .假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余词用斜线（'浅IJ掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线（），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2,只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Recently, a famous star has caused public angry by writing on the Great Wall. In the fact, this happens in many place of interest. I have much suggestions to solve this problem.First, make more posters inform the public the damage of graffiti（涂鸦）.Besides, punishments, such as a fine, is necessary to tourists with so bad behavior. Also, I think it's helpfully to put up some boards along the tourist attractions that tourists can leave messages. Tm sure with our efforts, more and more people will become concerning about protecting cultural relics.【答案】第一处：angryf anger第二处：去掉fact前的the第 三处：place f pl aces第四处：muchf many第五处：posters后加to第六处：isf are第七处：sof such第八处:helpfully-> helpful第九处：thatf where第十处：concerning concerned【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者针对在名胜古迹上写字等不良现象给出一些建议。【详解】第一处：考查名词。句意：最近，一位著名明星因在长城上写字而引起了公众的愤怒。此处作has caused的宾语，应用名词。故将angry改为anger。第二处：考查固定短语。句意：事实上，这在许多名胜古迹都有发生。固定短语In fact,意为“事实上，实 际上"。故去掉fact前的the。第三处：考查名词复数。句意：同上。分析可知，place of interest,意为“名胜古迹”，前面有many修饰， place应用复数形式。故将place改为placeso第四处：考查形容词。句意：我有很多建议来解决这个问题。修饰可数名词suggestions,应用形容词many。故将much改为manyo第五处：考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，制作更多的海报，告知公众涂鸦的危害。此处作目的状语，应用 不定式。故在posters后加to。第六处：考查主谓一致。句意：此外，对于有这种不良行为的游客，罚款等惩罚是必要的。本句主语是 punishments,谓语应用复数形式，故将is改为are。第七处：考查so和such的辨析。句意：同上。such修饰的中心词一般是名词，so修饰的中心词是形容词和 副词，此处的中心词是behavior,应用such。故将so改为such。第八处：考查形容词。句意：此外，我认为在旅游景点旁边设立一些留言板是有帮助的，游客可以在那里 留言。此处作表语，应用形容词。故将helpfully改为helpful。第九处：考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是the tourist attractions,关系词在从 句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故将that改为where。第十处：考查