山西省运城市康杰中学2022-2023学年高一下学期5月月考英语试题（含解析）.docx

山西省运城市康杰中学2022-2023学年高一下学期5月月考英语试题学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、阅读理解You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907-1964)If it weren,t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O'Connor(1930preseiit)When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O9Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.lt lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. "The only tired I was,was tired of giving insaid Parks.1. What is Jane Addams famous for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her teaching skills.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.2. What was the reason for O'Connor's being refused by the law firm? such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.”After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. "I wish we could help him to earn money,“ said Clara. "His family is suffering so much.”“So do I,“ said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, "I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish（完成）The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. "I tell you what we can do J said John. "You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn（爆米花），and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.” 注意：1 .续写词数应为150左右：2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.参考答案：1. A 2. B 3. D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了对人类发展产生重大影响的四位女性Jane Addams. Rachel Carson> Sandra Day CTConnor以及Rosa Parks的故事，赞扬她们为人类进步所做出的 巨大贡献。1 .细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.（任何曾经得到过社工帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams。户可知，任何一 个得到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addamso由此可知，正是Jane Addams推动了社 会工作的发展，她才因此而出名。故A正确。2 .细节理解题。根据第四段第一句"When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.（1952年，当Sandra Day O *Connor以全班第三名的成绩毕业于斯坦福法学院时，她 找不到律师事务所的工作，因为她是女性。厂可知，因为是女性，Sandra Day OConnor在律 师事务所找不到工作。由此可知，律师事务所拒绝OConnor主要是因为她是一位女性，也 就是对妇女的歧视。故B项正确。3 .细节理解题。根据文章最后一段"It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. "The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,“ said Parks.（它持续了 一年多，并拉开了 民权运动的序幕。Parks说：“我唯一感到疲倦的是，我厌倦了屈服。”广可知，正是因为Rosa Parks的努力，美国的民权运动才得以推进，她对美国的人权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故D 项正确。4 . B 5, C 6. A 7. D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍世界上最著名的生物学家Jane Goodall致力于生物研 究和环境保护。5 .推理判断题。根据第一段“During World War II, when Jane Goodall was 6, she was often woken by alarms. The sound warned that enemy planes were flying over her town. Her little sister would run to the bomb shelter. But Goodall refused to move, "I did not want to leave my bed,“ she said. That same stubbornness （固执）led her to become the world's best-known biologist.（第二次 世界大战期间，6岁的珍古道尔经常被闹钟吵醒。这声音警告说敌机正在她的城镇上空飞行。她的小妹妹会跑到防空洞。但古道尔拒绝移动，“我不想离开我的床，“她说。同样的固执使 她成为世界上最著名的生物学家。）“可推断作者想告诉我们的是古道尔从小有坚定不移的意 志力，这也让他成为了最著名的生物学家，故选B。6 .细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1962, university professors criticized Goodall for using human names and emotions to describe chimps. "I was not against them J she says. "I just quietly went on doing what I knew was right. She believes that chimps are smart social animals, which is now widely accepted. （1962大学教授批评古道尔用人类的名字和情感来描述黑猩猩我并不反对他们，”她说。“我只是静静地继续做我认为正确的事情。”她认为黑猩猩是聪明的群居 动物，这一点现在已被广泛接受。）”可知古道尔对待黑猩猩几乎就像对待人类一样，故选C。7 .细节理解题。根据第二段“She not only just did research, but also began a schedule of travel and charity work. After 35 years, she's still on the job. Goodall shares her life story to get people aware of environmental protection.（她不仅做了研究，还开始了旅行和慈善工作的计划。35年 过去了，她还在工作。古道尔分享了她的生活故事，让人们意识到环境保护。厂可知古道尔 开始她的旅行和慈善工作是为了提醒人们保护环境，故选Ao8 .词义猜测题。根据下文“However, she has taken hotels and lecture halls as her bedroom for the past year and a half. Her determination to spread her message keeps her there for hours each day. （然而，在过去的一年半里，她把酒店和演讲厅作为自己的卧室。她传播信息的决心让她每 天在那里待上几个小时。厂可推测上文意思是自2020年3月以来，古道尔暂停了她的旅行。 可知suspended意为“暂停”，同stop同义，故选D。9 . D 9. A 10. B 11. C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上 学到的东西。10 推理判断题。根据第一段前两句"Art and science may seem like opposite things. One means the creative flow of ideas, and the other means cold, hard datasome people believe.（艺术和科 学似乎是相反的东西。一些人认为，前者意味着创意的流动，而后者意味着冷冰冰的数据。广 可知，第一段是通过把艺术和科学作比较来行文的。故选D。11 细节理解题。根据第二段“Mariale Hardiman, an education specialist, noticed that students who used art in the class listened more carefully. They might ask more questions. They might volunteer more ideas. What's more, students seemed to remember more of what they had been taught when 答案第2页，共11页their science lessons had involved art.（教育专家玛丽亚哈迪曼注意到，在课堂上使用艺术的学 生听得更认真。他们可能会问更多的问题。他们可能会主动提出更多的想法。更重要的是， 当科学课涉及到艺术时，学生们似乎能记住更多的知识。广可知，当科学课程涉及艺术时， 学生上课时更加积极。故选A。12 .细节理解题。根据第四段中“This way, each student had both an art-focused class and a traditional one. Every unit was taught in both ways, to different groups of students.（这样来, 每 个学生既上了艺术课，也上了传统的课程。每个单元都以两种方式教授给不同的学生群体。）” 可知，学生们在实验中被要求参与两种类型的课程。故选B。13 .主旨大意题。根据首段末句"Now, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class.（现在，一项研究发现，艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科 学课上学到的东西。户可知，文章主要介绍了艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上 学到的东西。故选C。14 . A 13. B 14. C 15. C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项新的人工智能研究开展的过程以及专家对人工智 能的担忧。12 .推理判断题。根据第一段“You must have heard the predictions from some of the brightest minds about Al's influence. Tesla and SpaceX's chief Elon Musk worries that AI is far more dangerous than nuclear weapons. The late scientist Stephen Hawking warned that AI could serve as the “worst event in the history of our civilization unless humanity is prepared for its possible risks.（你一定听过一些最聪明的人对人工智能影响的预测。特斯拉和SpaceX的首席执行官 埃隆马斯克（Elon Musk）担心，人工智能远比核武器危险。已故科学家斯蒂芬霍金警告说， 除非人类对可能出现的风险做好准备，否则人工智能可能成为“我们文明史上最糟糕的事 件”广可推知，第一段提到了斯蒂芬霍金是为了证明伟大的科学家非常担心人工智能的未来。 故选Ao13 .细节理解题题。根据第三段“Pew investigated the opinions of 979 experts over the summer, a group that included famous technologists, developers, innovators, business and policy leaders.（Pew在今年夏天调查了 979名专家的意见，其中包括著名的技术专家、开发人员、创新者、 商业和政策领袖）”可知，Pew向不同领域的专家征求意见。故选B。14 .细节理解题题。根据最后一段“Above all, by taking data in and spitting answers out, those“black box” tools make decisions in digital systems. It is the gradual removal of our ability to think for ourselves.（最重要的是，通过输入数据并输出答案，这些“黑匣子”工具在数字系统 中做出决策。这是我们独立思考能力的逐渐丧失）”可知，那些专家担心“黑匣子''工具是因为 它们可能会削弱我们独立思考的能力。故选C。15 .推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第二段“But many experts, even those who are aware of such risks, have a more positive attitude, especially in health care and possibly in education. That is one of the results from a new AI study released on Monday by the Pew Research Centre. （But many experts, even those who are aware of such risks, have a more positive attitude, especially in health care and possibly in education. That is one of the results from a new AI study released on Monday by the Pew Research Centre.（但许多专家，甚至是那些意识到这些风险的专家，都持更积极 的态度，尤其是在医疗保健领域，可能还有教育领域。这是Pew研究中心周一发布的一项 新的人工智能研究的结果之一户可知，本文主要介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及专家对人工 智能的担忧。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉读者一项研究的结果。故选C。16 . G 17. A 18. B 19. E 20. C【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了心怀感恩的益处，从而呼吁人们要学会感恩。16. 根据上文“According to Robert Emmons, a leading researcher, gratitude is an emotion that can result in long-lasting positivity."（根据著名研究人员罗伯特埃蒙斯的说法，感恩是一种能够 产生持久积极情绪的情感。）可知，感恩会带来长期的积极效应；根据后文的三个小标题 "Gratitude is good for your health.（感恩对你的健康有好处。），"Gratitude makes us more self-aware79（感恩使我们更加自觉。）,及“Gratitude helps us build strong relationship.（感恩 有助于我们建立牢固的关系。）可知，后文主要在论述感恩的益处，所以G选项”以下是感 恩带来的一些益处。”总领下文，符合题意。故选G项。17. 根据上文“Through his research, Emmons found that grateful people reported feeling healthier and happier, both mentally and physically. （通过他的研究，埃蒙斯发现，心存感激的人在精 神和身体上都感觉更健康、更快乐。）可知，心怀感恩的人在生理和心理上都更加健康和快 乐; 根据下文“In the workplace, employees who are shown that they are appreciated are healthier and more productive by 50 percent."（在工作场所，那些表现出被赏识的员工更健康，工作效 率也提高了 50%。）可知，感恩的人更健康工作效率更高；A选项中的“happier”与上文的 happier对应，“25 percent”与下文的50 percent对应，即本段第一句是本段的主旨句，下文 答案第4页，共11页是通过数据进一步去论证主旨句，A项“事实上，那些心存感激的人比那些没有感激的人幸 福25%。”切题。故选A项。18. 本题设空处为段落小标题，结合已知的三个小标题可知，标题要说明的是感恩的益处； 根据标题卜方的“Gratitude is a selfless act. "（感恩是无私的行为。）及“Those who recognize the goodness in life, no matter how simple, are more likely to be sensitive to the needs of others and to help whenever they can. Thinking about other's opinion, experiences and backgrounds will make youabetterperson."（那些认识到生活中美好事物的人，无论多么简单，都更有可能对他人 的需求保持敏感，并尽可能地提供帮助。考虑别人的意见、经历和背景会使你成为一个更好 的人。）可知，心怀感恩会让我们对别人的需求更加敏感，更加乐于帮助他人，多去考虑他 人的想法、经历和背景，也就是能站在他人的立场看问题，从而能更好地理解他们，所以B 选项“感恩构建理解。”概括了下文的内容，符合题意。故选B项。19. I艮据下文“It starts by paying attention to what's now going on in your life, and that's true self-awareness is the key to being successful."（它从关注你生活中正在发生的事情开始，这就 是真正的自我意识是成功的关键。）可知，我们要对关注当下的生活，并且自我意识是成功 的关键；E 选项中的“reflect （反思）in the moment”与下文的 paying attention to what's now goingoninyourlife对应，下文的It指的是就是E选项所说的“感恩让你反思当下，而不是 总是思考未来”这件事，所以E选项符合题意。故选E项。20. 1艮据下文“Taking the time to thank people for their work and kindness whether it was today, last month or many years ago - makes you happier and more self-aware?5（花点时间感谢 别人的工作和好意无论是今天、上个月还是多年前都会让你更快乐、更有自知之 明。）可知，作者建议我们去感激别人的付出和善意，不管这个付出和善意是今天的还是上 个月的还是多年前的；C选项中的“never too late”与下文的whether it was today, last month or many years ago对应，“gratitude”与下文的“thank people”对应，且C选项表达的意思“老话说： “说对不起永远不晚”，但感恩也是如此。”概括了本段主要内容，总领下文。故选C项。21. D 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. A30. C 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个年轻的女孩Alexis Lewis在爷爷的鼓励之下喜 欢上了发明创造并且参加了发明比赛，展示了她的两个发明作品。作为成年人，我们有责任 答案第5页，共11页让孩子们看到他们能创造的无限可能。21 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：在路上的几个小时里，他的祖父，一位火箭科学家，会和 Alexis分享他关于科学的酷想法。A. receive接受；B. make制作；C. draft起草；制定；D. share 共享。根据"everything his grandfather said 3 Alexis to become an inventor.“可知，Alexis的爷爷给她分享了很多知识。故选D。22 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，祖父所说的一切激发了 Alexis成为一名发明家。A. praised 赞扬；B. inspired 鼓舞；C. persuaded 劝说；D. suggested 建议。根据"During their many hours on the road, his grandfather, a rocket scientist, would 1 his cool ideas with Alexis aboutscience.”及下文Alexis成为小发明家可以推知I,因为受到了爷爷的启发和鼓励，Alexis成为 了小发明家。inspire sb. to do sth.”激励某人做某事“。故选B。23 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：2019年儿童发明家日活动于1月17日在纽约举行，14岁的 亚历克西斯是参加活动的七位儿童发明家之一。A. celebrated庆祝；B.joined参加；C. held 举办；D. created创造。根据下文“attended the event”可知，此处说明这个赛事被举办。故选 Co24 .考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. nurse护士； B.inventor发明家;C.scientists科学家; D. artist 艺术家。根据下文“Alexis, 17, was one of the seven kid inventors”可知，Alexis 是参加 比赛的7个儿童发明家之一。故选B。25 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：现场有50名观众，还有100多人在Facebook Live上收看， Alexis讲述了他的获奖发明竹制雪橇。A. silence沉默；B. trouble麻烦；C.need需要；D. person 人。根据下文“more than many others watching on Facebook Live”可知，与观看网络 直播的观众对照，这里指50人亲自到现场观看比赛。in person“亲自”故选D。26 .考查介词短语辨析。句意：这是一个由竹子，网绳和轮子制成的轻型设备。A. instead of 代替；B. as well as也；C.thanks to由于；D. except for除了之外。这里列举的三种物品是并列关系，所以应用介词词组as well as表示“也，而且”。故选B。27 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：走长路时一个人可以用雪橇拉着别人一起。A. highways高 速公路；B. distances 距离；C. blocks 街区；D. voyages 航行。根据上文“while walking long” 可知，新雪橇应该是在长距离旅行中比较适用。故选B项。28 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alexis还展示了他的另一项发明：紧急面罩。A. made制作； B. discovered 发现；C. gave 给予；D. presented 展示。从下文"It is a football-shaped canister” 可知这里指Alexis展示了自己的另一项发明。故选D。29 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个足球状的小罐，里面包含一个防毒面罩，可以被扔 进正在燃烧的建筑的窗户里。A. contains包含；B. means意味着；C. avoids避免；D. attaches 使依附。根据设空处下文“a smoke mask”可知，此处在说明小罐里面包含的东西。故选A。30 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：建筑物内的人们可以戴上口罩，以保护自己不要吸入烟雾。A. escape 逃脱；B. bring 带来；C. protect 保护;D. assist 帮助。根据上文“People inside the building can put on the mask”可知，建筑里的人们可以戴上面具防止吸入烟尘。protect sb. from“保护某人免受故选C。31 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当地消防队员帮助她测试了这项发明，把它扔进了二层楼 的窗户里，扔了几百次。A. Brave勇敢的；B. Generous慷慨的；C. Local当地的；D. Sensitive 敏感的。结合上下文并没有其他关于消防员的线索，只能是指当地的消防员帮助做了检测。 故选C。32 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界需要Alexis这样有创意的人以及其他参加比赛的年轻 发明者们。A. desires需要；B. obtain获得；C. appears好像；D. develops发展。根据下文“new thinkers like Alexis and other young inventors”可知，世界需要Alexis这样有创意的人以及年轻 发明者。故选A。33 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个世界需要像Alexis这样的新思想家和其他参加这个活 动的年轻发明家。A. knew知道;B. caused导致；C.directed指导;D. attended参加。根据 前文“one of the seven kid 4 who attended the event”可知，这里的“other younginventors”指的是与Alexis 一起参加比赛的其他选手。故选D。34 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们能够解决上一辈人制造的问题。A. chances机会；B. positions 位置；C. problems 问题；D. missions 任务。根据下文“the older generation creates 可知此处指孩子们能够解决问题。故选C。35 .考查连词词义辨析。句意：这是我们作为成年人的职责，向孩子们展示他们能够制作和 创造的可能性。A. what什么；B. how如何；C.why为何；D. when何时，引导宾语从句， 作从句的宾语，指物，所以用what。根据后文“they can make and create”可知，此处是指让 孩子们看到他们创造无限可能。故选A。36 . has been hit 37. to melt 38. forming 39. which 40. a 41. found42. but 43. contained 44. easily 45. exploration【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国的行星科学家在月球上发现了“水”的迹象 36.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：数十亿年来，月球表面一直受到太空岩石的撞击，导 致土壤融化并被喷射到太空中。设空处为谓语动词，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动 语态，根据时间状语Over billions of years,应用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词使用has。 故填 has been hit。37 .考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。固定搭配cause sb. to do sth."造成某人做某事"，不定式 作补足语。故填to melt。38 .考查非谓语动词。句意：然后冷却下来，落回月球表面，形成玻璃珠。设空处为非谓语 动词，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填forming。39 .考查定语从句。句意:嫦娥五号探测器于2020年12月17日返回地球，从月球表面带 回了 1731克的岩石和土壤，其中包括玻璃珠。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Chang'e 5 probe,指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。40 .考查冠词。句意：同上。固定短语a total。俨总数为: 故填a。41 .考查动词时态。句意：在对样品中的玻璃珠进行研究后，国际研究小组发现，大约一吨 的玻璃珠可能含有0.5公斤的水。设空处为谓语动词，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 故填found o42 .考查连词。句意：这种，水'不是液体，而是氢的形式。分析可知，上下文是转折关系， 应用转折连词buto故填buto43 .考查非谓语动词。句意：玻璃珠中所含的氢可以很容易地转化为我们可以使用的水。设 空处修饰hydrogen作定语，和hydrogen之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填contained。44 .考查副词。句意:同上。设空处修饰谓语动词be turned into,应用副词，作状语。故填 easily o45 .考查名词。句意：如果珠子里的水很容易获得，这将是未来深空探测任务的“真正大问 题设空处修饰名词missions作定语，应用名词构成exploration missions,意为“探测任务”。 故填 exploration o46 . have benefited/benefitted from【详解】考查动词。句意：今天，非洲16个国家的80多万人受益于清洁、安全的水这一改 变生活的礼物。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述动作发生在过去，对现在有影 响，故使用现在完成时。表示"受益于''用benefit from。故答案为have； benefited/benefitted；frorrio47.makereality【