2023年考研外语专家预测过关卷7.docx

考研外语专家预测过关卷7一、Use of English1、 Reading and writing have long been thought of as complementary skills: to read is to recognize and interpret language that has been written; to write is to plan and produce language (1)it can be read. It is therefore widely (2)that being able to read implies being able to writer, at least, being able to spell. Often, children are taught to read but (3)no formal tuition in spelling; it is felt that spelling will be up. The attitude has its (5) in the methods of 200 years ago, when teachers carefully taught spelling, and assumed that reading would (6) automatically. Recent research into spelling errors and slips of the pen has begun to show that matters are (7)so simple. There is no necessary link between reading and writing: good readers do not always (8)good writers. Nor is there any necessary link between reading and spelling: there are many people who have no (9) in reading, but who have a major persistent (10)in spelling一some researchers have estimated that this may be as (11)as 2% of the population.Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers' seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation research s classic studies, one often cited in the trade. Mason Haire, of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, bread, baking powder, canned peaches, and potatoes, with the brands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in fifth place on both lists, read 1 lb. Maxwe 11 House Coffee" on one list and Nestle Instant Coffee" on the other. One list was given to each one in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of women (personality and character") who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt thatthe instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.According to the passage, most people said they didn't like instant coffee because .A. it had many disadvantagesB. they didn't want to be lazy housewives and poor plannersC.they didn't like its tasteD. it was spoiled by too much advertisingWhich of the following was confirmed by the motivation studies?A. Instant coffee was strongly resisted in the market places.B. The advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee.C. There might be deeper reasons in the resistance to instant coffee.D. It was a lazy housewife who used instant coffee.How many items were included in each shopping fist?A. 6B. 7C. 12D. 14Which of the foilwing statements is true about the result of the test?A. Nearly half of the women tested described the instant coffee user a lazy housewife and a poor planner.B. About fifty percent of the women were lazy.C. 25% the women tested believed that wives who used instant coffee were lazy.D. Wives who used regular coffee were good planners.According to the passage, many women preferred regular coffee to instant coffee because.A. regular coffee tasted better than instant coffeeB.they intented to do something the hard wayC.they felt unconciously ashamed of prepairing instant coffeeD.they don't like to change their way of doing things7、 George Bernard Shaw(18561950) was born in Dublin,Ireland. At the age of 14, after graduating from middle school, Shaw was put into a job as clerk in a land agent's office. At20 he went to London where he remained jobless for 9 years,devoting much time to self-education. Meantime, Shaw took an active part in the socialist movement. A contemporary of Shaw's thus wrote of him: I used to be a daily frequenter of the British Museum Reading Room. Even more assiduous in his attendance was a young man. My curiosity was piqued by the odd conjunction of his subjects of research. Day after day for weeks he had before him two books一Karl Marx' s ' Das KapitaT (in French), and an orchestral score (管弦乐乐谱)of ? Tristan and Isolde，Though Shaw admitted Marx' s great influence on him, he failed to grasp the necessity of a revolutionary reconstruction of the world. A strong influence was exercised on Shaw by the Fabian society, the English reformist organization.In the early period of his literary career, Shaw wrote some novels, An Unsocial Socialist" and others, in which he developed the traditions of critical realism, bitterly criticizing the stupidity, snobbishness and petty tyranny of the middle class. In the nineties Shaw turned to the theatre, first working as a dramatic critic, then writing plays for the stage. His role in the development of dramaturgy is very great. Shaw was an enemy of "art for art's sake”. He wrote, “for art's sake I will not face the toil of writing a sentence”. He usedthe stage to criticize the evils of capitalism. He wrote 51 plays in total, the important ones including "Widower's Houses”, “Saint Joan and The Apple Cart”. In his plays Shaw laid bare the gross injustice and utter inhumanity of the bourgeois society. This he achieved not so much by the structures of plots in his plays as by the brilliant dialogues between the characters. His exposure of capitalist society is very significant and it places Shaw among the most important representatives of critical realism in modern English literature.The inference we can draw from what a contemporary of Shaw's is that .A.he was more diligent than ShawB. he was a friend of Shaw'sC. Shaw once made a careful study of Marx' s worksD. Shaw once composed an orchestral scoreWhich of the following statements is closest in meaning to the second paragraph?A. Shaw was not influenced by Marx, any more than he was influenced by the Fabian society.B. The influence of the Fabian society on Shaw exceeded Marx' s14influence on him.C. Shaw admitted that he was influenced by both Marx and the Fabian society to some extent.D. Marx's great influence on Shaw surpassed that of Fabian society on him.Which of the following statements is NOT correct?A. An Unsocial Socialist is typical of Shaw's novels.B. Shaw left 51 plays for his readers.C. Shaw first worked as a dramatic critic for his literary career.D. Shaw took a strong stand against the trend of "art for art's sake”.In his plays, Shaw achieved the exposure of capitalist societyA. by either the structures of plots or the brilliant dialogues between the charactersB.by the brilliant dialogues between the characters better than by the structures of plotsC.by both the brilliant plots and dialogues equallyD. by the brilliant dialogues between the characters insteadof by the structures of plotsWhich of the following statements is true?A.In his teens, Shaw took an active part in the socialist movement.B. In his twenties, Shaw was out of work for 9 years.C. In his works, Shaw spoke for the socialism movement by criticizing the evils of capitalism.D.In his nineties, Shaw turned to the theatre.8、 In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants一and the litigants, or parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in hischambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend leas time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents5 evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements. Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading一the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff waives any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to remedy a situation which must be remedied if the citizens who have valid claims are going to beable to have their day in court.The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following EXCEPT.A. narrow the issuesB. cause early settlementsC. save judicial timeD. increase settlement costsWhat is the main topic of the passage?A. All states should follow California's example in using small-claims courts in order to free judges for other work.B. The legislature needs to formulate fewer laws so that the judiciary can catch up on its older cases.C. Nobody seems to care enough to attempt to find methods for making the judicial system more efficient.D. While there are many problems with the court system, there are viable suggestions for improvement.The word litigants means most nearly .A. jury membersB.commentatorsC. parties in a lawsuitD. taxpayersWhich of the following is true about small-claims courts?A. It is possible to have one's case heard by a jury if he or she is dissatisfied with the court's decision.B.The litigants must plead accurately and according to a strict form.C.The decision may not be appealed to a higher court.D. The parties may not present their cases without an attorney's help.What can we assume from the passage?A. Most people who feel they have been wronged have a ready remedy in courts of law.B. Many people would like to bring a case to court, but are unable to because of the cost and time required.C. The judicial system in the United States is highly acclaimed for its efficiency.D. Pretrial conferences will someday probably have replaced trials completely.17、 Part B (10 points)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. ForWith children, too, there is (12) that knowledge of reading does not automatically (16)to spelling. If there (14)a close relationship, children should be able to read and spell the (15) words: but this is not so. It is (16) to find children who can read (17)better than they can spell. More surprisingly, the (18)happens with some children in the early stages of reading. One study (19)children the same list of words to read and spell: several (20) spelled more words correctly than they were able to read correctly.A. in orderB. forC. thatD. so that2、(2)A. assumedB. guessedC. recognizedD. implemented3、A. withB. hadQuestions 41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、 B、 C、 D、 E、 F> G) to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)In the late I960's many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. (41).Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts一enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day.(42). . The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.(43) If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center,A目20towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year一as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109, 000.Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception, block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic. (44).(45) .A. Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful.B. Tall buildings are an inevitable building form, and part of the contemporary landscape.C. In Boston in the late I960's, some people even feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass on Boston Common.D. Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation facilities, too.E. Still, people continue to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them一personal ambition, civic pride, and the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space.F. Some of these ideas may soon appear in the city as a more holistic approach is taken in balancing environmental and social factors with the economics of building development.G. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings ina city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.22、 (42)23、 (43)24、 (44)25、 (45)26、 Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (46)Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (47)In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we ca