2023年考研外语冲刺密卷16.docx

考研外语冲刺密卷16一、Use of English1> The effect of the baby boom on the schools helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education in the 1920's. In the 1920's, but especially 1 the Depression of the 1930's, the United States experienced a 2 birth rate. Then with the prosperity 3 on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and 4 households earlier and began to 5 larger families than had their 6 during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106. 2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. 7 economics was probably the most important 8 , it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed 9 the idea of the family also helps to 10 this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began streaming 11 the first grade by the mid_1940's and became a 12 by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself 13The wartime economy meant that few new schools were buih between 1940 and 1945. 14 , large numbers of teachers left their profession during that period for better-paying jobs elsewhere.Whether a child is interested in learning depends on. A.the content the adult wants the children to learnB. how pleased the parents are when the children are learningC. the feedback the parents give to children at an early ageD. the physical health of the childrenThe suggestion given in the last paragraph is .A. to emphasize the importance of success for childrenB. to avoid pressuring the children too muchC.to challenge the children as much as possibleD.to use the positive effect of pressureWhich one of the following is the best title for the passage?A.How to raise a high-achieving childB.Successful students whose parents are teachersC. Key factors for children's successD. Motivation and challenge: what do children need most?6、Last year, one group of students in Taiwan did just that.They took chances-and ended up in jail. More than 20 students paid a cram school owner to help them cheat on Taiwan's entrance exam, according to police. The students received answers to test questions through cell phones and other electronic devices.0°10Taiwan isn t the only place in Asia to see major cheating scandals. In both India and South Korea, college entrance exams have been stolen and sold to students.Academic cheating has risen dramatically over the last decade. Duke University conducted a survey of 50,000 university and 18,000 high school students in America. More than 70 percent of the students admitted cheating. Just 10 years earlier, only 56 percent said they had cheated. This trend extends far beyond the U. S. , too. In Asia, where students face intense pressure to excel, the cheating problem is especially pronounced. In many Asian countries, a student's performance is measured mostly by exam scores. And admission to a top school depends on acing standardized tests. This test-driven culture makes cheating an easy way for students to get ahead in a super-competitive academic system.But the pressure to perform, well on tests isn't the only thing turning students into cheaters. For one, new technology makes cheating easier than ever. Students now have more sophisticated options than just cheat sheets" hidden in pencil boxes. Today's tech-smart students use text-messaging to discreetly send each other test answers. They post questions from standardized tests on internet bulletin boards. Students inAsia, for example, have posted questions from the Test ofEnglish as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE).Deeper issues than technology and testing, however, may be leading to the rise in academic dishonesty. Both students and educators say that society offers too many negative role models. Businesspeople make millions and scientists earn international acclaim by cheating and lying. The case of Korean scientist Hwang Woo Suk offers one powerful example. He faked the results of his stem cell research and became a national hero. From many sectors of society, the message to students is loud and clear: Cheating is an easy way to get ahead.Victoria Lin, a high school teacher in Taichung, says educators must begin to stress integrity as well as achievement in academics. That's what she tries to instill in her students. I always tell my students, 'How much is your character worth? 100 points? 90 points? Jerry Chang, a student at Taiwan's Oriental Institute of Technology, also has words of advice for classmates he sees cheating. "When you cheat on exams, you only cheat yourself, /z he says, “because you won，t know how much you've really learned. /zThe example mentioned in paragraph 1 means to .A. criticize the cram school for their poor education qualitiesB.highlight the seriousness of cheating in TaiwanC. show how prevalent the problem of cheating isD. show sympathy for those who cheated7 、What does the word acing most probably mean?A.Extraordinarily good.8 .Hardly satisfactory.C. Barely passing.D. Middling.In paragraph 3, the author focuses on the factor of.A.pressures related to testsB.advanced technologiesC.sophistication of studentsD.standardized testsThe example of Korean scientist Hwang Woo Suk is quoted to A.shift to topic from students' cheating to academic dishonestyB. attribute the problem of cheating to the negative examples in our societyC. compare businesspeople and scientists in cheating scandalsD. blame technology as the most important reason for cheating 10、What is the suggestion given in the last paragraph to tackle the problem of cheating?A. The teaching of values should be given equal, if not higher, priority.B.Teachers should avoid talking about students test scores too much.C. Educators should have a reasonable expectation for students' scores.D. School should add integrity as part of the test scores.11、An attempt towards the rectification of the rot that has set in the social and national life of the country is being made, with great enthusiasm, through judicial activism. However judicial activism alone does not suffice for the rectification of this all-pervading malaise. What is urgently needed is the support of other social agencies/institutions. A very important role in this matter can be played by media activism, the topic under discussion today.It is undoubtedly true that the position of media or journalism is not that of a mission but of a commercial industry. The truth of the matter, however, is that our present journalism is used to presenting only half side of the picture. This is the root cause of all our problems. In view of the present circumstances media activism would amount to present a balanced reporting of the situation abandoning the present policy of selective reporting.The principle of modern journalism can be understood from this saying: "When a dog bites a man it is no news, but when a man bites a dog, it is news”. One practical example of this method is provided by our present journalism which is constantly engaged in giving maximum coverage to any hot news created by an unruly section of Muslims. If the percentage of hot news forms only one percent the percentage of soft news is not less than 99 percent. But the readers of the newspapers aretotally in the dark about this 99 percent of the picture, whereas the one percent is being repeated. Similarly if an extremist Hindu creates hot news, this will find a place in all the newspapers the next day. Whereas even in the Hindu world there is 99 percent soft news while hot news forms not more than one percent.As a result of this one sided study, unreal opinion is formedby both the communities regarding one another. Taking extreme forms this unreal opinion at times turns into communal riots. The selective reporting of this nature remains a permanent obstacle to the path of national integration.For the rectification of this state of affairs a powerful journalists organization-as we already have formed for our rights-based on the principles of social responsibilities is required. Media Relations Forum is an organization which aims at working for this goal.Along with this I should like to put forward a proposal for bringing about an atmosphere of support and cooperation between the newspapers and social workers. Whenever a rumor spreads or a group indulges in any activity which may lead to disrupting peace, social workers should immediately engage themselves in a thorough investigation of the matter and then through the full support of the newspapers the actual version is published in the newspapers. This is the only way to maintain peace and harmony in communities.The word "malaise” (Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably meansA.problemB.definitionC.rectificationD.enthusiasmWhich one of the following is the characteristic of the current reporting?A. Commercial reporting.B.Balanced reporting.C.Selective reporting.D.Problem reporting.The example of the reports about Muslims is used to.A. analyze how it is different from HinduB. introduce the news industry thereC. showcase how the current reporting is unbalancedD.exemplify how reporting should be organizedFrom the passage, we know that Media Relation Forum is.A. a seminar in which journalists from difference places learn and communicateB. an organization promoting social responsibilities of mediaC. a management body to rectify all kinds of misconduct of mediaD. an organization to protect the rights and safety of journalistsIn the last paragraph, the author focuses on the responsibilities of .A.newspapersB.social workersC. investigatorsD.communities16> Sport psychology research has documented the important rote of significant adults such as parents and coaches in youth participants' psychosocial development and achievement motivation. However, the situation concerning parents and coaches in youth sport is somewhat of a conundrum一the roles of coach and parent are often synonymous, suggesting not simply an independent relationship with the child participant.In recent years, a growing body of literature has emerged on parent influence in youth sport based on these and other theories. First, research shows that parents who are more supportive and less pressuring of their children are associated with youth participants who report higher perceived competence, enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation toward sport. Second,parents who encourage their child's participation and exhibit enjoyment of physical activity are related to children who report higher perceived competence and attraction toward physical activity. Finally, parents who hold stronger positive beliefs about their child's physical competence are associated with children who report higher self-perceptions, value toward sport, and physical activity levels.A prevalent phenomenon of North American culture is the parent-coach dual role. Most coaches in competitive youth sport are parents of one or more of their players. Brown estimated that about 90% of the volunteer coaches in a given community are a parent of one or more team members. Although one can forward several positive aspects of the parent-coach phenomenon, there is also the potential for youth to perceive stress from this parent-child relationship. Several researchers reported that adolescent athletes felt pressure from their coaches and parents to perform, well, and desired that parents be sources of social support and leave skill and strategy instruction to the coach's domain. Collectively, anecdotal accounts and empirical data suggest that exploring the benefits and costs of parents coaching their children is a worthy topic from both theoretical and applied perspectives.【15，in the 1950's, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the custodial rhetoric of the 1930's no longer made 16 ; keeping youths ages sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high 17 for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children. With the baby boom, the focus of educators 18 turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and 19. The system no longer had much 20 in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.A. inB. forC. atD. on2、A.acceleratingB.strengtheningC.decliningD.fluctuating3、(3)A. tookTherefore, based on previous research on the role of parents and coaches in youth development, the purpose of the present study was to gain knowledge about the parent-coach phenomenon in competitive youth sport. We accomplished this purpose by interviewing youth soccer players who were coached by their parent, the child's teammates, and the parent-coach. We expect that child participants would identify both positive and negative aspects of having a parent as their coach, in line with previous research, but we were most curious to know if different issues would be raised about the unique parent-coach/child-athlete relationship.What does the word "conundrunT (Line 4, Para. 1) most probably mean?A.Contradictory; with many disagreements.B.A difficult problem.C.Indistinct or not clear in definition.D. Not yet having been ascertained or determined.What is the main idea of paragraph 2?A. The influences from parents to children's competence can be either positive or negative.B. Parents' beliefs and behaviors are strongly related tochildren5 s psychological and behavioral outcomes.C. Parents who give less pressuring can raise more competitive athletes.D. With the encouragement from parents, children can have inner motivations themselves.What does the author mean when he talked about the "dual role” of parent-coach in North American?A. Some coaches are also parents of the young athletes.B. The parent-coach can give the athletes both positive aspects and pressure.C. The negative influence of a parent-coach can outweigh the positive ones.D. A parent-coach may have different influences on individual athletes and collective ones.What are the researchers most interested to know about in their current study?A. To make sure about the positive or negative aspects of having a parent as a coach.B. To interview young athletes face-to-face instead of just review the previous studies.C. To find out some new perspectives to address the parent-coach/child-athlete relationship.D. To include the teammates of the young athletes, not just their parents/coaches in the study.Which one of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Helping youth in understanding the meaning of sports.B. The parent-coach/chiId-athlete relationship in youth sport.C. Coaches' encouragement of athletes' imagery use.D. The relationship between school education and sports coaching.17、 Part B (10 points)_A It is also used to help students g