2023年考研外语考试题目及答案12.docx

考研外语考试题目及答案12一、Use of English1> Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question: what personal qualities are (1)in a teacher? Probably no two people would (2)exactly similar lists, but I think the following would be generally (3).First, the teacher's personality should be pleasantly (4) and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically (5), or even ugly, because many such have great personal (6). But it does rule out such types as the (7), melancholy, frigid, sarcastic, frustrated, and over bearing:I would say too, that it (8)all of dull or purely negative personality.Secondly, it is not merely desirable (9)essential for a teacher to have a genuine (10)for sympathy一a capacity to tune (11) to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, to the minds and feelings of children. (12) related with this is the capacity to be (13)一not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which (14)people, and again especially children, to makeC. makes people always restlessD.deprives people of a good sleep6 According to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to re move the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think some thing can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by a per son's thoughts. Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.Psychologists think that there are two types of emotions: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them.In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems.They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly.The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something .A.one thinks bad or goodB.one feels in dangerC. one faces in the outside worldD.one tries to escape from real life7、Which of the following is NOT true?A. Children learn emotions as they grow up.B. Babies are born with emotions.C. Emotions fall into two types in general.D.People can cope with the negative emotions in life.8、The author's purpose of writing this passage is to .A.explain why people have emotionsB. show how people avoid the negative emotionsC.explain what people should do before emotionsD. define anti classify people's emotions9、We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam ifA.he can not think properlyB.he can t pay attention to itC. he can't finish itD. he is not full of energy10、As used in the last sentence, the word "drains" meansA. stopsB. tiesC. weakensD. flows gradually11> People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas ofother people. Other times they begin to act without thinking;they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific. Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For in stance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully.After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution.Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oilon the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones;tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels. Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.What is the best title for this passage?A. Six Stages for Repairing Sam s Bicycle.B.Possible Ways to Problem-solving.C. Necessities of Problem Analysis.D. Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem.In analyzing a problem we should do all the following exceptA.recognize and definethe problemB.look for informationto make the problem clearerC.have suggestions fora possible solutionD. find a solution by trial or mistakeBy referring to Sam s broken bicycle, the author intends toA. illustrate the ways to repair his bicycleB.discuss the problems of his bicycleC.tell us how to solve a problemD. show us how to analyse a problemWhich of the following is NOT true?A.People do not analyze the problem they meet.B. People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.C.People may learn from their past experience.D.People can not solve some problems they meet.As used in the last sentence, the phrase in short meansA. in the long runB.in detailC. in a wordD.in the end16、Admittedly, minor accidents and slip ups continue to shakepublic confidence in nuclear power.Given the unquantifiable risks that nuclear power carries, it is only right that the industry be subjected to the test of public opinion and due political process. However, this argues for exceptional vigilance, regulatory scrutiny and accountabi1ity-and not for bans or shutdowns.Those nuclear operators with a good safety record deserve to have their licenses renewed, so that existing plants may run to the end of their useful lives.The Bush administrations enthusiastic support goes a lot further than this, however. It also wants to see new plants. Proponents of new nuclear power stations make three arguments in their favor.They will enhance energy security by lessening dependence on fossil fuels; Far from being environmentally harmful, they will be beneficial because they will reduce the output of greenhouse gases; And, most crucially, the economics of nuclear power has improved from the days when it was wholly dependent on bail out and subsidy.Yet these arguments do not stand up to scrutiny. The claim that governments should support nuclear power to reduce their vulnerability to the OPEC oil cartel is doubly absurd. Littleoil is used in power generation: what nuclear power displaces is mostly natural gas and coal, which are not only more plentiful than oil but also geographically better distributed. Security is enhanced not by seeking energy self-sufficiency but through diversification of supplies. Creating lots of fissile material that might be pinched by terrorists is an odd way to look for security anyway. What about the argument that climate change might be the great savior of nuclear power? Global warming is indeed a risk that should be taken more seriously than the Bosh administration has so far done.Nuclear plants do not produce any carbon dioxide, which is the principal greenhouse gas.However, rushing in response to build dozens of new nuclear plants would be both needlessly expensive and environ mentally unsound. It would make far more sense to adopt a carbon tax, which would put clean energy sources such as solar and wind on an equal footing with nuclear, whose waste poses an undeniable (if remote) environmental threat of its own for aeons to come. Governments should also dismantle all subsidies on fossil fuels一especially for coal, the dirtiest of all. They should adopt reforms that send proper price signals to those who use power, and so reduce emissions. Global warming certainlyprovides one argument in favor of nuclear power. But it is not sufficient on its own to justify a nuclear renaissance.What's the public's opinion about nuclear industry?A.People have little confidence in nuclear power for the potential disaster of nuclear accidents.B. People think it important to exercise strict monitoring and effective management of the existing plants.C. People believe the best way to avoid nuclear disaster is to shut down all the nuclear power stations.D.People agree to prohibit the existing nuclear plants from running to the end of their useful lives.The most important reason wily the Bush administration support more new nuclear power plants is that .A.they will increase energy securityB.they help lessen dependence on fossil fuelsC.they are environmentally friendlyD.they need little government financial supportAccording to the author energy security can only be achieved by .A.using less oil in power generationB. replacing fossil fuels with more nuclear powerC.seeking energy self-sufficiencyD. expanding the sources of power supplyAccording to the passage, which of the following measures is the least helpful in protecting the environment?A. Encouraging the use of clean energy sources.B. Cutting off subsidies on all fossil fuels.C. Adopting price reform, to reduce emission.D. Promoting the resurgence of nuclear power.It's implied that .A. nuclear power stations may become the targets of terrorist attackB. the Bush administration doesnJ t give due weight to environment protectionC. carbon dioxide is the principal source of greenhouse gasD. nuclear waste will turn to be an environmental threat in the long-run term21> Part B (10 points)The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize thesemistakes.Thirdly, I (15) it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This does not mean being a saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strength and (16), and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be (17). There is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a (18)of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to (19)an act一to enliven a lesson, correct a fault, or (20) praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.A.substantialB.adorableC.desirableD.valuable2、(2)A. draw upB.put downC.make outD.hand in3、(3)paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the listA-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points) A. These issues cut right across traditional religious dogma. Many people cling to the belief that the origin of life required a unique divine act. But ff life on Earth is not unique, the case for a miraculous origin would be undermined. The discovery of even a humble bacterium on Mars, if it could be shown to have arisen independently from Earth life would support the view that life emerges naturally.B. Contrary to popular belief, speculation that we are not alone in the universe is as old as philosophy itself. The essential steps in the reasoning were based on the atomic theory of the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus. First, the laws of nature are universal. Second, there is nothing special or privileged about Earth. Finally, if something is possible, nature tends to make it happen. Philosophy is one thing, filling in the physical details is another. Although astronomers increasingly suspect that bio-friendly planets may be abundant in the universe, the chemical steps leading to life remain largely mysterious.C. There is, however, a contrary view-one that is gaining strength and directly challenges orthodox biology. It is thatcomplexity can emerge spontaneously through a process of self-organization, ff matter and energy have an inbuilt tendency to amplify and channel organized complexity, the odds against the formation of life and the subsequent evolution of intelligence could be drastically shortened. The relevance of self-organization to biology remains hotly debated. It suggests, however, that although the universe as a whole may be dying, an opposite, progressive trend may also exist as a fundamental property of nature. The emergence of extraterrestrial life, particularly-intelligent life, is a key test for these rival paradigms.D. Similar reasoning applies to evolution. According to the orthodox view, Darwinian selection is utterly blind. Any impression that the transition from microbes to man represents progress is pure chauvinism of our part. The path of evolution is merely a random walk through the realm of possibilities. If this is right, there can be no directionality, no innate drive forward; in particular, no push toward consciousness and intelligence. Should Earth be struck by an asteroid, destroying all higher life-forms, intelligent beings, still less humanoids, would almost certainly not arise next time around.E. Traditionally, biologists believed that life is a freak-theresult of a zillion-to-on accidental concatenation of molecules. It follows that the likelihood of its happening again elsewhere in the cosmos is infinitesimal. This viewpoint de-rives from the second law of thermodynamics, which predicts that the universe is dying-slowly and inexorably degenerating toward a state of total chaos. Life stumbles across this trend only because it is a pure statistical luck.F. Historically, the Roman Cath