2023年考研外语考试题目及答案14.docx

考研外语考试题目及答案14一、Use of English1> Clothes, decorations, physique, hair and facial (1) give a great deal of information about us. For instance, we wear clothes to keep us warm, (2) unlike animals we do not have a protective (3) of hair. But for the purpose of communication, we dress (4)clothes of different colours,style, and material; we wear jewellery and other valuables; we use cosmetics and perfume; we (5) beards and sideburns; and we smoke pipes and carry walking sticks.Strict rules govern the clothes we wear. We do not, wear football boots with a dinner-jacket, (6) a boiler suit to work in an insurance office. A clerk on Wal 1 Street will wear more formal dress than someone in a (7) job in a country town. Fashionable and smart (8)are associated with good qualities, and well-dressed people have been (9) to get more help and cooperation from (10)strangers. For example, a woman is often given more (11) of help with herbroken-down car when she is dressed attractively than when she is dressed less (12)B. Because there were more slaves than ever after the Civil War.C. Because there were no more slaves after the Civil War.D. Because there was no difference.5、Since the author tells you that there were hundreds of slave-owning cattle ranchers in Texas, it is possible to say that .A. Blacks didn，t help to settle TexasB. Blacks helped to settle TexasC. Blacks helped only sometimes to settle the new territoryD. Blacks only helped to tame cattle6、There are several advantages in niciking computers as small as one can. Sometimes weight is particularly important. A modern aircraft, for example, carries quite a load of electronic apparatus. If it is possible to make any of these smaller, and therefore lighter, the aircraft can carry a bigger pay-load. This kind of consideration applies to space satellites and to all kinds of computers that have to be carried about.But weight is not the only factor. The smaller the computer the faster it can work. The signals go to and fro at a very highbut almost constant speed. So if one can scale down all dimensions to, let us say, one tenth, the average lengths of the current-paths will be reduced to one tenth. So, very roughly speaking, scaling down of all linear dimensions in the ratio of one to ten also gives a valuable bonus: the speed of operation is scaled up 10 times. Other techniques allow even further speed increases.This increase of operation is a real advantage. There are some applications in which computers could be used which require very fast response times. Many of these are military, of course; but military applications also have applications in engineering sooner or later. For example, automatic blind landing of aircraft requires continuous computer calculations which result in control of the aircraft flight. The more immediate the responses are, the more stable that control can be.Another advantage is that less power is required to run the computer. In space vehicles and satellites this is an important matter; but even in a trial application we need not waste power. Sometimes a computer takes so much power that cooling systems which require still more power have to be installed to keep the computer from getting too hot, which would increase the riskof faults developing. So a computer which does not need to be cooled saves power on two counts.Another advantage is rellability. Mini-computers have been made possible by the development of integrated circuits. Instead of soldering bits of wire to join separate components such as resistors and capacitors sometimes in the most intricate networks, designers can now produce many connected circuits in one unit which involves no soldering and therefore no risk of broken joints at all.Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of mini-computers?A. The increase of operation speed.B. The decrease of power needed.C. The development integrated circuits.D. Their reliability.7、A modern aircraft .A. is run by electronic computersB. carries a bigger load of electronic apparatus than pay-loadC.does not need mini-computers at allD. can carry a bigger pay-load if the electronic apparatus carried by it becomes lighterIf all linear dimensions of a computer is scaled down to one tenth, .A. the speed of its operation will go up ten timesB. the electric signals will go to and fro ten times fasterC. its operation speed will remain constantD. its weight will be reduced to one tenthSometimes cooling systems have to be installed .A.to keep the computer from becoming too hotB. in order to save powerC. because they are necessary for a modern computer to work efficientlyD.to ensure the normal working of a mini-computerWhich of the following statements is NOT true?A. Continuous computer calculations are required for the automatic blind landing of an aircraft.B. Military applications of computers require their very fast response ability.C. Scaling down of all dimensions of a computer may result in faults developing.D. The development to integrated circuits contributes a lot to the miniaturization of computers.11、France made soccer history here on Sunday night, when the underdogs beat defending champions Brazil 3-0 to win the last World Cup this century before a delirious crowd of 80000 people. The host nation fully deserved their ultimate triumph, teaching a static Brazil how to play the disciplined attacking football, which has characterized their campaign at France 98. Players on both sides burst into tears at the final whistle, French President Jacques Chirac raised his arms in triumph and co-organizer Michel Platini broke into a huge grin. Brazil had just played their worst match of the tournament.French coach Aime Jacquet, who now steps down from the national coaching job, said: we are very proud, we worked very hard for this. We didn，t just want to be finalists”, the 56-year-old man went on. z，We have worked very hard for the last two years and we justified everything on the pitch. We deserved to win. We* ve got huge faith in our players, who have improved as the tournament has gone along. We've been through everything in these World Cup finals, with the sending-off of Zidane and Laurent Blanc, and yet we've made up for their absences and overcome all the obstacles. And to crown all that, we've hadthe sending-off tonight of Desailly. But this team has extraordinary heart”.France was the better side throughout the tournament. They won all their matches, scored more goals than anyone else and conceded fewer goals than anyone else-only two, to boast the meanest defense of any winning side.It was the perfect finishing touch for a memorable evening in world sport, rounded off by fireworks, massed singing of La Marseillaise（马赛曲）and the image of Deschamps holding the World Cup high above his head.The overall attitude of the writer towards the French soccer team is .A. appreciationB.resentmentC. indifferenceD.jealousy12、What does the writer think of the Brazi1 team?A.He thinks the Brazil team simply has bad luck.B.He thinks the Brazil team should be sympathized.C.He thinks the Brazil team has played quite well.D. He thinks the Brazil team has not improved its technique.What was NOT the reason for their final victory according to what French coach Aime Jacquet thinks?A. They have worked very hard for the last two years.B. They believe the abilities of their players.C. They think the absence of several good players on the part of the Brazil team offered them good chances.D. They have successfully overcome all the obstacles on the way to the victory.The word "crown" at the end of paragraph 3 is similiar in meaning with .A.disappointB. beatC. pleaseD.overcomeThe memorable evening include all the following EXCEPT.A. fireworksB. singing together a famous songC.a solo by a famous singerD.the holding of the World Cup by Deschamps16、The World Health Organization says as many as 10 million persons worldwide may have the virus （病毒）that causes AIDS. Experts believe about 350 thousand persons have the disease. And one million more may get it in the next five years. In the United States, about 50, 000 persons have died with AIDS. The country's top medical official says more than 90 percent of all Americans who had the AIDS virus five years ago are dead.There is no cure for AIDS and no vaccine（疫苗）medicine to prevent it. However, researchers know much more about AIDS than they did just a few years ago. We now know that AIDS is caused by a virus. The virus invades healthy cells including white blood cells that are part of our defense system against disease. It takes control of the healthy cell，s genetic（遗传的）material and forces the cell to make a copy of the virus. The cell then dies. And the viral particles move on to invade and kill more healthy cells.The AIDS virus is carried in a person's body fluids. The virus can be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous （静脉内的）drugs. It also can be passed in blood products or from a pregnant woman with AIDS to her developing baby.Many stories about the spread of AIDS are false. You cannot getAIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease. You cannot get it by touching, drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons. Experts say no one has gotten AIDS by living with, caring for or touching an AIDS patient.There are several warning signs of an AIDS infection. They include always feeling tired, unexplained weight loss and uncontrolled expulsion of body wastes (大 小便失 禁).Other warnings are the appearance of white areas on the mouth, dark red areas of skin that do not disappear and a higher than normal body temperature.Concerning the ways the AIDS virus can be passed, which of the following statements is wrong?A. An AIDS mother can pass on the virus to her unborn child.B.The AIDS virus can be passed on through infected blood.C. The AIDS virus can be passed on by shaking hands and sharing belongings.D.The AIDS virus is passed sexually.The expression pregnant woman” (Para. 3) means.A. a woman who has an unborn child in the bodyB. a woman who is taking drugC. a woman who has the AIDS virusD. an unmarried mother18、The fifth paragraph is mainly about .A.the results of an AIDS infectionB the possible symptoms of an AIDS infectionC. how the AIDS virus is spreadD. the diseases AIDS patients easily have19、When the AIDS virus attacks our defense system, A. it starts to destroy our white brood cellsB. we begin to feel tiredC. it means we will die very soonD. our white blood cells can cotrol it20、 is NOT a warning sign of an AIDS infection.A.Shedding bloodB. Always feeling tiredC. Unexplained weigh lossD.Uncontrolled expulsion of body wastes21、 Part B (10 points)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. ForRebels consider themselves to be different from other people in society, and often (13) their physical appearance to show this. In the last two decades in Britain there have been a number of (14)movements with distinct uniforms. Hippies did not just wear simple clothes but dressed in a particular style, that made them instantly (15).But in our modern society some people (16) choose particular clothes to project the personalities. (17) types wear brighter colours than more reserved people. Some people wear odd (18) of clothes to express their individuality. For example, someone (19) give an impression of high social status, (20) origin and bad temper by wearing an expensive suit.A.featuresB.appearanceC.aspectsD. looks2、A. whenB. becauseC. soD. butQuestions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、 B> C> E、F、G) to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)Scientists had until very recently believed that there were around 100,000 human genes, available to make each and every one of us in our splendid diversity. (41). So that grand panjandrum, the human, may not manage to boast twice as many genes as that microscopic nowhere一worm, with its 18, 000 genes, the nematode. Even the fruit fly, considered so negligible that even the most extreme of animal rights activists don't kick up a fuss about its extensive use in genetic experimentation, has 16, 000 genes. (42).Without understanding in the least what the scientific implications of this discovery might be, anybody with the smallest curiosity about people一and that* s pretty much all of us一can see that it is pretty significant. (43). Human complexity, on this information, can he Best explained in the manner it looks to be best explained before scientific evidence becomes involved at all. In other words, in the nature versus nurture debate, the answer, thankfully, is both.(44) . Nurture does have a huge part to play in humandestiny. Love can transform, humans. Trust can make a difference. Second chances are worth trying. Life, to a far greater extent than science thought up until now, is what we make it. One day we may know exactly what we can alter and what we cannot. Knowing that there is a great deal that we can alter or improve, as well as a great deal that we must accept and value for its own sake, makes the human journey progressive rather than deterministic, complex and open, rather than simple and unchangeable.For no one can suggest that 30, 000 genes don, t give the human race much room for maneuver. Look how many tunes, after all, we're able to squeeze out of eight notes. But it surely must give the lie to the rather sinister belief that has been gaining credence in the West that there is a hardwired, no-prisoners-taken, gene for absolutely everything and that whole sections of the population can be labeled as stupid or lazy or criminal" or somehow or other sub-human. (45). A. Instead, like the eight notes which can only make music (albeit in astounding diversity), the 30,000 genes can only make people. The rest is up to us.B. Now, the two rival teams decoding the book life, have each found that instead there are only somewhere between 30, 000 and40, 000 genes.C. There's nothing wrong with our genes: it's that our modern food supply has given us far too many calories and far more food processing than our bodies evolved to handle.D. The most obvious conclusion to be drawn from the limited number of genes available to programme a human is that biological determination goes so far and no further.E. Why is this so important? Because it should mean that we can accept one another，s differences more easily, and help each other when appropriate.F. Some genes were identified in both of the previous studies, which made the researchers feel pretty sure that they were indeed looking at a gene.G. Not for the first time it has to be admitted that it's a funny ol