湖南省雅礼十六校高三上学期第一次联考英语试题.docx

雅礼十六校2023届高三上学期第一次联考英语审定：胥毅衡金尚淑胡金葵校对：高治业总分：150分时量：120分钟注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡指定位置上.2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号 涂黑.如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.回答非选择题时，将 答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效.3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上 的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题,每小题L5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选 出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间 来回答有关小题和阅读 下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. How will the guests go to the airport ?A. By car. B. By bus. C. By taxi.2. How long will the man stay if his wife comes ?A. 4 nights. B. 6 nights. C. 8 nights.3. Who is in charge of the project?A. Dan. B. Gary. C. Mary.4. What does the man say about the restaurant?A. The waiters were noisy.B. The food was not his thing.C. The atmosphere was friendly.5. . What language does Mr. Black speak best?A. Chinese. B. French. C. Spanish.第二节（共15小题海小题L5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独自。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What will the speakers have to do?A. Send figures to Mr. Jones.B Draw up the budget for next year.C. Organize an advertising campaign on Thursday.7. What docs the woman ask the man to do?A. Wait for her in his office.8. Go to Mr. Jones* workplace.9. Make a phone call to Mr. Jones. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。2015. But record attendance doesn't necessarily translate into record revenue （ l|攵 入）o Last month. the Met said it was trying to erase a US$ 10 million budget deficit （赤字）o Meanwhile, one of its rivals, the Museum of Modern Art（MoMA） , was abundant in cash, but only about three million people stopped by in 2015. Why do some museums flourish while others flounder? My research leads me to believe there are three reasons: fashion, billionaires and demographics.First, underlying the Met's financial challenges is the problem with the acquisitions policy. Recent directors of the Met did not add much to the museum's modern collection. The argument was that museums such as the MoMA were already providing such works in their collections and that the acquisition of contemporary art by living artists was problematic and risky. However, given the fact that museum-goers increasingly favor contemporary art, the revenue of the Met will likely fall if it isn't able to keep up with the tastes of the customers. And by the time it might recognize this, it's already too late to do much about it because the costs to acquire the in-demand art is sky-high. This leads to a second critical issue-the changing distribution of income and its effects on museum finance and operation.We are living in a boom period for contemporary art. The number of auctions （拍卖）and art fairs has grown enormously to accommodate this growing market. In a world with about 1,800 billionaires, it only takes a relative few to drive high-end art prices to astronomical levels. Works by the German artist Gerhard Richter have generated $1. 2 billion in sales in recent years. The soaring prices mean museums simply can't keep up and must usually depend on donations to assemble the best works, or they*re priced out. Moreover, billionaires themselves are increasingly setting up their own private museums, further distancing the ability of public museums to get the good stuff.A third interrelated problem is that demographic issues have put pressure on the revenue side.Unemployment, early retirements and the aging of the population in the US have contributed to increased attendance at museums. You might think it's a good thing, but more traffic means higher costs, and when those additional visitors don't result in more revenue, profitability goes down. This is because of the longstanding movement toward making museums "free" by having individuals, government or businesses "sponsor" the cost. But when that support gets reduced by budget costs or another reason, museums must either cover the cost themselves or lose patrons by suddenly charging fees. There is evidence that attendance rises when economic growth slows, but that*s also when thosensponsorsn are more likely to begin to disappear.Museums will certainly continue to exist and provide us with invaluable insights into our culture. But they must exist under economic principles, and it'd be wise for their administrators to consider the economics in their calculations.8. . What is John doing ?A. Doing a fun project.B Emptying the cupboard.C Donating unwanted things.9. . What is “fireecycling” ?A A way of recycling.B . A kind of old junk.C. A travel website.10. What does John want now?A A gorilla arm. B. A microphone. C. A bicycle. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. What are the speakers discussing?A. The man's house.B The effects of global warming.C. The man*s job.12. What is always nice according to the man?A. He lives by the sea.B Animals can get more food.C. Green can be seen all year round.13. What could farmers grow before?A. Grass. B. Vegetables. C. Trees.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14. Where does the man most probably work?A. At an airport. B. Ata hotel. C. At a travel agency.15. Which airport is the best choice for the woman ?A. Reagan National. B. Dulles. C. Baltimore-Washington.16. Why is the woman going to Washington DC?A. To visit a friend. B. To meet the man. C. To go sightseeing. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. When docs the speaker usually go to a movie with friends?A On weekends. B. On weekdays. C. On vacation.18. How docs the speaker learn about a movie?A. By seeing it himself.B By cheeking the film reviews.C. By talking to his friends.19. What might the speaker do if the tickets are sold out?A. Steal in without a ticket.B . Go back home and watch TV.C Buy a ticket for the next show 20. What does the speaker like to do while watching a movie?A. Eat popcorn. B. Talk to others. C. Put his feet up.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhen I was a child, my mom liked to make food for dinner every now and then. And I remembered one night in particular when she made dinner after a long, hard day at work.On that evening so long ago, my mom placed a plate of eggs, sausage, and extremely burned toast in front of my dad. I remembered waiting to see if anyone noticed. Yet all my dad did was to reach for his toast, smile at my mom and ask me how my day was at school. I didn't remember what I told him that night, but I did remember watching him smear butter on that toast and eat every bite!When I got up from the table that evening, I remembered hearing my mom apologize to my dad for burning the toast. And I would never forget what he said, "Baby, I love burnt toast. nLater that night, I went to kiss Daddy goodnight and I asked him if he really liked his toast burned. He wrapped me in his arms and said, "Son, your mom spent a hard day at work today and she's really tired. And besides, a little burnt toast never hurts anyone !HYou know, life is full of imperfect things and imperfect people. I'm not the best housekeeper or cook. What Pve learned over the years is that trying to accept faults of each other and choosing to embrace differences of each other are the most important keys to creating a healthy and lasting relationship.21. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the author's mom?A. She was always careless when making toast.B. Her workday could be long and hard sometimes.C. She enjoyed making supper for her family at times.D. She felt soy after serving the burnt toast to her husband.22. Which of the following best describes the author's dad?A. Proud and crazy.B. Thoughtful and caring.C. Cautious and kind.D. Generous and patient.23. What do we know from the last paragraph?A. Everyone is supposed to go after perfection in life.B. A person can't be both a good housekeeper and a good cook.C. More tolerance and understanding help people stay in good heath.D. Accepting faults and differences is important for an impressive relationship.BEmissions Trading Systems - carbon pricing policy instruments for carbon emissions reduction-have become very popular in recent years. Under a typical ETS, a central authority allocates emissions permits to enterprises and requires them to submit permits equal to their emissions for compliance at the end of a "compliance cycle". Enterprises that are short of permits can purchase them from the permit market, creating a carbon price signal that is crucial to reducing emissions cost-effectively.Unlike a typical ETS in the developed countries that imposes a hard emissions cap, the main feature of China's national ETS is its permit allocation rules that guarantee carbon policy stringency without introducing strong adverse shocks to economic growth. China's national ETS is so far a rate-based system-the permit allocation in each sector is based on the companies1 actual output levels and a corresponding "benchmark”(emissions-output ratio) that matches an appropriate emissions intensity reduction target in that sector. For example, if a plants emissions intensity exceeds its predetermined benchmark, it will face an allowance deficit and need to buy permits for compliance. Conversely, a plant with relatively low emissions intensity can sell surplus permits.China's national ETS has been in operation for a year now. It has made progress on multiple fronts.First, the institutional framework has been formed. The National Measures for the Administration of Carbon Emission Trading (Trial), released in December 2020, has provided a regulatory basis. It has been supplemented by additional technical documents for permit registration, trading, settlement, permit allocation, and emissions reporting for the power generation sector. All these directives have gradually formed a "1+N emissions trading policy system11.Second, infrastructure for the system has been established. The National Carbon Emissions Permits Registry in Wuhan (responsible for recording permit holdings, modifications, payments, and retirements) and the National Carbon Emissions Exchange in Shanghai (serving as a permit exchange) have been operating smoothly.Lastly, for the monitoring, reporting, and verification of emissions, enterprises have been encouraged to take "on-site" measurements of their coal consumption, significantly improving the integrity of China's carbon emissions data.Although there have been important milestones for China's national ETS in its first year, several challenges were also encountered. There is still no official roadmap for future sectoral coverage. Trading was very much concentrated just ahead of the compliance date, which reveals a less active market which limits price discovery. Risk control regarding data quality still needs to be improved, given that some data manipulation cases were detected.A medium- and long-term development roadmap is very much needed for China's ETS. Higher-level legislative support to strengthen market supervision and penalties for non-compliance are also necessary. With regard to the permit allocation, China's national ETS needs to continuously tighten the benchmarks under a rate-based design and carefully plan a transition to a mass-based system to introduce a clear cap for covered emissions. Moreover, auctioning needs to be introduced to reduce free permit allocation and facilitate price discovery. In the next few years, China's national ETS is expected to expand from the power sector to multiple industries and eventually to cover more than 8,000 companies, whose emissions account for 70 percent of China's energy- related emissions. We are confident that a full-fledged national ETS can help China achieve its "dual-carbon" goals and lead the development of a global carbon pricing regime in the near future.24. Which of the following statements best describes ETS?A. A market providing stage for emissions permits trade.B. An approach encouraging alleviation of carbon emissions.C. An implement marking the innovation of China's ecological administration.D. A system confining industries9 carbon emissions.25. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?A. The ETS was first raised by China all around the world.B. Industries cannot release carbon exceeding the allocated permits under the ETS.C. In China the ETS is only adopted within the power sector for now.D. The permit allocation for each company depends on its producing capability under the ETS.26. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of China's ETS?A. It possesses more flexibility as opposed to western ones.B. It shows great resilience before economic shocks.C. It complies with the market principles.D. It may bring more incomes to the companies.27. What is the best title of this article?A. The ETS: Insight And OutlookB. The ETS: Reduce Carbon EmissionsC. The ETS: A Milestone Of Ecological Administration D. The ETS: Permits Can Be BoughtCAs many office workers adapt to remote work, cities may undergo fundamental change if offices remain under-utilized. Who will benefit if working from home becomes the norm?Employers argue they make considerable savings on real estate when workers shift from office to home work. However, these savings result from passing costs on to workers.Unless employees are fully compensated, this could become a variant of parasitic （变异的）capitalism, whereby corporate profits increasingly rely on extracting value from the public- and now personal- realm, rather than on generating new value.Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates, others note the loneliness, reduced productivity and inefficiencies of extended remote work.If working from home becomes permanent, employees will have to dedicate part oftheir private space to work. This requires purchasing desks, chairs and office equipment.It also means having private space dedicated to work: the space must be heated, cleaned, maintained and paid for. That depends on many things, but for purposes of illustration, I have run some estimates for Montreal. The exercise is simple but important, since it brings these costs out of the realm of speculation into the realm ofmeaningful discussion.Rough calculations show that the savings made by employers when their staff works from home are of similar value to the compensation workers should receive for setting up offices at home.What does this mean for offices in cities? One of two things may happen: Employers pass these costs onto employees. This would be a form of expropriation （侵 占）,with employees absorbing production costs that have traditionally been paid by the employer. This represents a considerable transfer of value from employees to employers.When employees are properly compensated, employers* real estate savings willbe modest. If savings are modest, then the many advantages of working in offices- such as livel