压轴题15 短文首字母填空（5空题）（解析版）-2023年中考英语压轴题专项训练（江苏专用）.docx

压轴题15短文首字母填空(5空题)考向一：记叙文短文首字母填空的解题策略 考向二：设空特点、选项特点、考查特点I压轴题叁颁根据首字母填空是考查词汇综合运用能力的一种较难的题型。它的特点是将一篇文章中 若干个词“掏空”,留下该词的首字母，它既作为提示又作为限制，让我们根据短文的意思把单 词拼写完整。考生需通读全文,在字里行间捕捉信息，先易后难，既要理清逻辑,又要综合考虑。根据首字 母填空考查范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面,还可能涉及其他学科，它要求考生在充分 理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。根据首字母填空的解题技巧如下：(1)看第一句动词的时态，确定本文的基本时态；(2)通读全文；(3)做题:看前后文确定词性，注意名词单复数、动词时态以及单词拼写；(4)检查所填单词是否符合文意。(2022.江苏徐州.统考中考真题)根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、 通顺。When people meet strangers, they often have small talks. These talks are a good way for people to s 1 hello. The talks cover many topics, such as weather, films, sports, TV shows o 2 the latest news. But we should always keep it in mind that p 3 subjects about money, age, and weight should be avoided. Besides, it's better to ask open-ended questions. If you ask, "Do you like our city?” They may say s 4 "Yes”. If you ask, “What do you think of our city?” They will have more freedom in answering. This type of question also shows that you are interested in them. If you seem interested in w 5 people are saying, they will feel more comfortable talking with you.【答案】1. (s)ay 2. (o)r 3. (p)rivate 4. (s)imply 5. (w)hat 【导语】本文主要讲述了当人们遇到陌生人时，针对不同群体如何进行简短的交谈。1.句意：这些谈话是人们打招呼的好方式。根据“These talks are a good way for people tohello” 结合首字母提示可知，此处是指打招呼，say hello符合语境，空前有不定式，动词用原形， one-child families, were t 58 to be a good child under strict rules. For example, they are now used to saying good-bye to parents in the morning b 59 they go to school. And no one forgets to say hello to the parents when they return from school. The parents are p 60 to find their children can help them with many things, such as making beds, washing and cooking.【答案】56. (l)ove 57. (h)ousework 58. (t)aught 59. (b)efore 60. (p)leased 【导语】本文讲述了成都的一所中学在学生对父母的爱和关心方面，把学生培养的很好。56 .句意：成都的一所中学在学生对父母的爱和关心方面脱颖而出。结合首字母1,应填入 与care意义一致的名词，love“爱”符合题意。故填ove。57 .句意：学生们被要求在每周日、母亲节和父母生日为父母做至少一个小时的家务，或者 在邻居那里帮忙。do housework for sb.“为某人做家务”。故填(h)ousework。58 .句意：这些学生大多来自独生子女家庭，在严格的规定下被教导要做一个好孩子。根据 “to be a good child under strict rules”可知,被教育；be taught to do sth.“被教导要做某事故 填aught。59 .句意：例如，他们现在习惯在早上上学前和父母说再见。分析前后是时间关系，结合 首字母b,可知是before“在之前”。故填(b)efore。60 .句意：父母很高兴地发现他们的孩子可以帮助他们做很多事情，比如铺床，洗衣服和做 饭。 根据"End their children can help them with many things, such as making beds, washing and cooking”可知，父母很开心，be pleased to do sth.“开心做某事”。故填(p)leased。故填(s)ay。2 .句意：谈话涉及很多话题，如天气、电影、体育、电视节目或最新的新闻。根据“such as weather, films, sports, TV shows.the latest news."结合首字母可知，此处是在表示列举，or 符 合语境，故填(o)r。3 .句意：但是我们应该记住，关于金钱、年龄和体重的私人话题应该避免。根据“money, age, and weight should be avoided”可知金钱、年龄和体重都是隐私，private“私人的”，形容词作定 语，故填(p)rivate。4 .句意：他们可能会简单地说：“是的”。分析结构可知空处应用副词修饰动词，结合首字 母提示应填simply“仅仅”符合语境，故填(s)imply。5 .句意：如果你对别人说的话感兴趣，他们会觉得和你交谈更舒服。分析句子可知此处是 宾语从句，连接词在从句中作宾语，what符合，故填(w)hat。(2022.江苏连云港.统考中考真题)根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。Erhu is one of the most important Chinese instruments. It has a history of o 61,000years. It is said that Erhu did not get its name u 7 the late Qing Dynasty. It has been improved gradually since it appeared. It is also c 8 the Chinese violin because its tone is as soft and bright as the violin's. There are many w 9 pieces of music played by Erhu, such as The Moon Reflected on the Er-quan Spring. You can go and e 10 the charm of them. I hope you911 love them.【答案】6 . (o)ver 7 . (u)ntil 8 . (c)alled 9 . (w)onderful/(w)orld-famous 10 .(e)njoy/(e)xperience【导语】本文主要介绍了二胡的发展历史。6 .句意:它有一千多年的历史。根据"It has a history of1,000 years”可知，此处指1000 多年的历史，over"超过”，故填(o)ver。7 .句意：据说二胡直到清末才得名。根据“It is said that Erhu did not get its name . the late Qing Dynasty.”可知，止匕处用not. .until表示“直至U才”，故填(u)ntil。8 .句意：它也被称为中国小提琴，因为它的音调和小提琴一样柔和明亮。根据"It is also。 the Chinese violin”及首字母可知，二胡也被称为中国小提琴，call"称呼"，主语it与动词call 之间是被动关系，此处用被动语态be done的结构，空格前已有is,故此空填过去分词，故 填(c)alled。9 .句意：用二胡演奏了许多美妙/著名的乐曲。根据"pieces of music”及首字母可知，此处指 美妙的或者是著名的乐曲，wonderful“美妙的"，world-famous66著名的“，故填 (w)onderful/(w)orld-famous。10 .句意：你可以去欣赏/体验它们的魅力。此空与g。构成并列关系，故此空也应填入一个 动词原形，根据“the charm of them”及首字母可知，欣赏它们的魅力，enjoy“欣赏”， experience”体验”,故填(e)njoy/(e)xperience。(2021 .江苏徐州.统考中考真题)根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、 通顺。When Helen was little, Saturday night was her family game night. After supper, the whole family would play Chinese chess in the sitting room. As a c 11 Helen loved to watch cartoons. But no matter how many times she asked to watch them, her parents would r 12 her. They said that playing Chinese chess would help exercise her brain. Still Helen wasn't w 13 to play it with them sometimes. Helen didn't realize how w 14 her parents were until she entered high school. The games that her parents taught her when she was a little girl turned out to be very useful 115 in her life.【答案】11.(c)hild 12. (r)efuse 13. (w)illing 14. (w)ise 15. (l)ater【分析】本文介绍海伦的父母在她小时候就不让她看动画片，而是教她下象棋，锻炼她的大 脑。事实证明，这对海伦日后非常有帮助。11 .句意：作为一个孩子，海伦喜欢看卡通片。根据“As a c., Helen loved to watch cartoons.” 可知，儿童都喜欢看动画片，此前有a修饰，故填(c)hild。12 .句意：但是不管她要求看多少次，她的父母都会拒绝她。根据“But no matter how many times she asked to watch them”可知，父母不让她看动画片，refuse“拒绝”，用在would后，使 用动词原形，故填(r)efuse。13 .句意：海伦有时还是不愿意和他们一起玩。根据“Still Helen wasn't w.to play it with them sometimes.”可知，海伦不愿意跟父母一起玩，be willing to do sth"乐意做某事”，故填(w)illing。 14.句意：直到上了高中，海伦才意识到她的父母是多么聪明。根据"The games that her parents taught her when she was a little girl turned out to be very useful”可知，父母非常明智，用形容词 wise作表语，故填(w)ise。15 .句意：当她还是个小女孩的时候，她父母教她下棋后来在她的生活中变得非常有用。根 据“The games that her parents taught her when she was a little girl turned out to be very useful 1in herlife.”可知，小时候父母的教育在海伦今后的生活中变得很有用，故填ater。(2021 江苏连云港统考中考真题)Paper, zhi was a Chinese invention. 2, 000 years ago, Chinese people i 16 papermaking. This zhi was made o 17 silk and was very expensive. Only the emperor and rich people could a 18 to use it. 1, 900 years ago, Cai Lun improved the paper-making process.He made cheap jinzhi out of tree bark and old cloth. The improvement in paper-making spread zhi far and wide, and many different k 19 of zhi were made by Chinese people. Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper, best shows the charm of t 20 Chinese painting and calligraphy (书法).Later, Chinese zhi spread to the West via the Chinese Silk Road.【答案】16. (i)nvented 17. (o)f 18. (a)fford 19. (k)inds 20. (t)raditional【分析】文章大意：本文讲述了纸的发展历史。2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。1900年 前，蔡伦改进了造纸工艺。后来，中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸，并由丝绸之路传播到西 方。16 .句意：2000年前,中国人发明了造纸术。根据上文“Paper, zhi5 was a Chinese invention." 结合”2, 000 years ago, Chinese people papermaking.''及首字母提示，可知 2000 年前，中国 人发明了造纸术。inven亡发明"，动词，句子时态是一般过去时，故填nvented。17 .句意：这种纸是用丝绸制成的，非常昂贵。根据"This zhi was made . silk and was very expensive.”结合首字母提示，可知此处考查固定词组be made o广由制成"，故填(o)f。18 .句意：只有皇帝和有钱人才买得起去使用。根据上文“was very expensive.”结合“Only the emperor and rich people could . to use it及首字母提示，可知纸非常昂贵，只有皇帝和有钱 人才买得起去使用，afford“买得起、负担得起”，动词，前面有情态动词could,因此这里用 动词原形，故填ffbrd。19 .句意：中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸。根据“and many different. of zhi were made by Chinese people.”结合语境及首字母提示，可知中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸，different kinds of ”不同种类的”，故填(k)inds。20 .句意：宣纸是一种高质量的蒲草纸，最能体现中国传统书画的魅力。根据“Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper J 结合“best shows the charm of . Chinese painting and calligraphy.”及首字母提示，可知宣纸最能体现中国传统书画的魅力，“传统的"traditional , 形容词，符合题意，故填(t)raditional。(2023江苏徐州校考一模)根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整，通 顺。Zhang Yufei got two golds in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. She was born in Xuzhou in 1998. She received training at 5. Her excellent swimming brought her to the a 21 of coaches.Later, she went into the n 22 team. On the road to success, she had a lot of problems. However, she successfully d 23 with the problems at last. Although she has made many awards, she doesn't s 24 off. She would r 25 practise hard every day to become stronger and belter.【答案】21. (a)ttention 22. (n)ational 23. (d)ealt 24. (s)how 25. (r)ather【导语】本文主要讲述的是2020年在东京奥运会上获得两枚金牌的游泳选手张雨霏面对困 难不放弃勇敢挑战的精神。21 .句意：她的杰出的游泳能力引起了教练的注意。根据空格前是定冠词the,空格后是of 可知空格上是名词，结合首字母可知应是不可数名词attention“注意”，bring sb to the attention of引起某人的注意”。故填(a)ttention。22 .句意：后来，她去了国家队。根据语境可知，横线上缺的是一个形容词，根据上文她引 起了教练的注意，及首字母可推测，她进入了国家队。应是national”国家的"。故填(n)ational。23 .句意：然而，最后她成功地处理了问题。根据"On the road to success, she had a lot of problems.”可知，她有很多的问题，根据空格上单词作谓语及首字母，可知此处表示“处理”， deal with“处理”，时态为一般过去时，过去式为dealt,故填(d)ealt。24 .句意：虽然她已经获得很多奖，但是她不炫耀。助动词后加动词原形，所以空格上应是 一个s开头的动词，前文是一个让步状语从句，讲述她获了很多奖，后文表转折，应是不炫 耀，showo中炫耀”,故填(s)how。25 .句意：她宁愿每天多练习变得更强更好。空格后加动词原形，前面是情态动词would, 结合首字母确定是would rather do“宁愿做”，故填(r)ather。(2023江苏徐州统考一模)根据短文(对话)内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文 (对话)内容完整、正确。Mom often says, "Cooking is an important skill, and it can be fun! But I had no interest in cooking at all u 26 I met with a cooking app (应用软件).There are different kinds of recipes (菜谱)in the app. They offer detailed instructions so that users can f 27 them step by step. Most of them even include photos or videos, which are quite useful for beginners. Last week, I picked up a popular recipe to cook fish. When I finished, it was exactly w 28 I wanted and tasted delicious. Then I tried m 29 recipes. Now I can cook a couple of dishes. I find cooking is great fun and it seems that I have a g 30 for cooking. My plan is to invite my friends over next weekend and show them my new skills. I hope they will like my cooking.【答案】26. (u)ntil 27. (follow 28. (w)hat 29. (m)ore 30. (g)ift【导语】本文讲述了作者爱上烹饪的过程。26 .句意：但我没有兴趣做饭，直到我遇到了一个烹饪应用软件。根据“But I had no interest in cooking at all.I met with a cooking app.”可知，直到遇到一个烹饪应用软件才对做饭产生 了兴趣，根据首字母u可知此处应用“notuntil”表示"直到才”，引导时间状语从句， 故填(u)ntil。27 .句意：它们提供详细的说明，以便用户可以逐步遵循这些规则。根据“Theyofferdetailed instructions”可知它们提供详细的说明是为了让用户可以遵循那些步骤去烹饪。根据首字母f 可知“遵循”应用动词follow,情态动词can后接动词原形。故填ollow。28 .句意：当我做完时，这正是我想要的,味道很好。根据“it was”和力wanted and tasted delicious.”可知，及物动词wanted后面缺少宾语，根据首字母w可知此处应用what引导表 语从句，且引导词what在从句中作动词wanted的宾语。故填(w)hat。29 .句意：然后我尝试了更多菜谱。根据上文可知我尝试了一道鱼的菜谱，成功了，根据首 字母m及名词recipes可知此处应用形容词比较级more修饰名词recipeso故填(m)ore。30 .句意：我发现烹饪很好玩，而且似乎我对烹饪很有天赋。根据"have a.for cooking”及 首字母g可知此处应用动词短语have a gift for doing sth表示“对做某事有天赋”。故填(g)ift。 (2022.江苏连云港.校考三模)根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。Dragon Boat Festival is one of the t 31 Chinese festivals, which has been celebrated since the ancient China. It is in honor of the great poet Qu Yuan. Nowadays, different places have different ways to celebrate it.In my hometown, there will be a competition, that is the dragon boat r 32People make up the team and fight for the honor. Every boat looks like the dragon. The audience will c 33 for the teams and the competitors try their best to make the boat go fast. It is very lively.Besides the competition, eating rice d 34 are favored by everyone. They are very d 35 In other places, drinking the special wine and hanging the leaf are also the tradition. 【答案】31 .(t)raditional 32. (r)ace 33. (c)heer 34. (d)umplings 35. (d)elicious 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了我国的传统节日端午节及其习俗。31 .句意：端午节是中国的传统节日之一。此处应填形容词，根据“which has been celebrated since the ancient China.”和首字母可知应是传统的节日,故填(t)raditional。32 .句意：在我的家乡，将有一个比赛，那是龙舟比赛。此处应填名词，根据“there will be a competition”和首字母可知应是龙舟比赛，故填(r)ace。33 .句意：观众将为参赛队加油并且参赛者尽他们最大的努力使船划得快。此处应填动词原 形，根据“The audience”和首字母可知应是为参赛队加油，故填(c)heer。34 .句意：除了比赛，吃粽子被每个人喜爱。rice dumpling"粽子”符合语境，可数名词，此 处应填其复数，故填(d)umplings。35 .句意：它们是非常美味的。此处应填形容词，根据“are favored by everyone”和首字母 可知它们是美味的，故填(d)elicious。(2022.江苏连云港.校考二模)根据短文意思和所给首字母，写出一个完整正确的单词。Tai chi has always been a symbol of Chinese culture and is becoming popular around the world.One thing that makes tai chi popular is its h 36 benefits (益处).As you move, you breathe deeply and naturally, focusing your attention on your body. This helps you relax and find inner peace.What makes tai chi even more interesting might be the philosophical (哲学的)ideas b 37 it. The term “tai chi“ comes from Taoism, which states that inaction (无为)is the solution to problems. Thafs w 38 tai chi movements are slow and soft. Tai chi is not used to fight e 39 It is used to protect yourself.Tai chi also focuses on harmony between “yirT and “yang”. This idea of keeping a healthy balance can be applied (适用于)to almost e 40 in life. It makes tai chi far more than just another martial art.【答案】36. (h)ealth 37. (b)ehind 38. (w)hy 39. (e)nemies 40. (e)verything 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统文化中的太极，详细介绍了太极受欢迎的原因、名字的来 历等信息。36 .句意：太极拳受欢迎的原因之一是它的健康益处。根据"This helps you relax and find inner peace可知是对健康有好处，health“健康”，名词作定语。故填(h)ealth。37 .句意：太极拳更有趣的可能是它背后的哲学思想。根据"The term 6tai chi5 comes from Taoism, which states that inaction is the solution to problems.”可知是讲太极拳背后的哲学思想, behind"在后面故填(b)ehind。38 .句意：这就是为什么太极拳动作缓慢而柔和。根据"The term 'tai chi9 comes from Taoism, which states that inaction is the solution to problems.”可知这是太极动作缓慢而柔和的原因，此 处用why表示“为什么"。故填(w)hy。39 .句意：太极不是用来与敌人搏斗的。根据飞。fight”可知是与敌人搏斗，enemy“敌人”， 前无限定词，用复数形式enemies。故填(e)nemies。40 .句意：这种保持健康平衡的想法几乎适用于生活中的每件事。根据"This idea of keeping a healthy balance can be applied to almost e. in life.”可知适用于生活中的每件事， everything”一切，每件事”。故填(e)verything。(2022.江苏徐州.校考二模)根据短文及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。Andre McDonnell is an ordinary American. But he spends all his spare time handing out free shoes to the homeless. This 40-year-old man has given away over 5,000 pairs of shoes in less than three years.Andre's i 41 is very simple: he collected new or gently used sneakers (篮球鞋) through donations (捐赠)and handed out the shoes to the homeless.It all started three years a 42 during a basketball game that Andre was playing with his friends. "I saw a homeless guy with no shoes on, so 1 took off my shoes and gave them to him. And he took them h 43 with a smile on his face/9 Andre said, “As I walked away, I felt the stone under my feet, Then I r 44 that there was something more that I could do.”He then said JT have always been the kind of person. For example, if I see homeless people and they say they9re hungry, I won't give them money. I 45 I will take them to a restaurant and feed them J he added, "The best feeling I get is to see homeless people in the shoes I gave them. And it may just make their walking in life a bit easier.”【答案】41. (i)dea 42. (a)go 43. (h)appily 44. (r)ealized 45. (I)nstead【导语】本文介绍了安德烈麦克唐纳是位公益爱好者，他利用业余时间免费送鞋给无家可 归者，迄今，他已经送出五千多双鞋。41 .句意：安德烈的想法很简单：他通过捐款收集新的或温和使用过的运动鞋，并将鞋分发 给无家可归的人。collected new or gently used sneakers (篮球鞋)through donations (捐赠)and handed out the shoes to the homeless.”可知，这描述的是他的想法，idea“想法”, 空后为“is”,使用名词单数，故填dea。42 .句意：这一切始于三年前，当时安德烈正在和他的朋友们打篮球。根据"It all started three years.可知句子时态是一般过去时，故空格处应填“ago”。“three years ago”表示“三年前。 是一般过去时的标志之一。故填(a)go。43 .句意：他脸上挂着微笑，高兴地接过它们。根据“with a smile on his face”可知，此处指 高兴地，happily“高兴地”，副词修饰动词。故填(h)appily。44 .句意：然后我意识到我还有更多的事情可以做。根据“Then I匚.that there was something more that I could do.”可知，此处指意识到还有更多的事情可以做，realize"意识到。使用动 词过去式。故填(r)ealized。45 .句意:相反，我会把她们带到餐厅，给他们食物。根据“L.，I will take them to a restaurant and feed them”可知，此处表转折，使用副词Instead，湘反“，故填(I)nstead。(2022.江苏连云港.统考模拟预测)根据短文内容和首字母提示填空。Have you watched the hot TV play A Lifelong Journey (AtSlXJ)? It was based upon Liang Xiaosheng's novel. Since it was shown on CCTV, it has been p 46 among people of all age