高考情态动词与虚拟语气专项复习课件.ppt

2013年高考情态动词和虚拟语气年高考情态动词和虚拟语气专题复习专题复习1shall(1)用用于于征征求求对对方方的的意意见见或或指指示示，用用在在第第一一、三三人人称称的疑的疑问问句中。句中。Has Mr Wang arrived?王先生到了王先生到了吗吗？Yes，already.Shall he wait outside or just come in?是的，已是的，已经经到了。他是到了。他是进进来，来，还还是在外面等？是在外面等？(2)表示命令、表示命令、许诺许诺、警告、警告、强强制、威制、威胁胁、决心等，一般用、决心等，一般用于于第二、三人称第二、三人称中，并用于中，并用于陈陈述句。述句。You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。(3)用于用于第三人称第三人称，表示法律、法规、条令规定的内容。，表示法律、法规、条令规定的内容。The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school unless accompanied by an adult.学校制度规定学校制度规定,除非有家长陪伴除非有家长陪伴,任何孩子不准离开学校。任何孩子不准离开学校。2must(1)表示表示“必必须须”（主主观观），），have to（客客观观）(2)表示表示禁止禁止(用于否定句用于否定句)Smoking must not be allowed in the office.严严禁在禁在办办公室吸烟。公室吸烟。(3)表示表示“偏偏执执”、“固固执执”Why must you be talking so loudly while others are studying?为为什么在什么在别别人正学人正学习习的的时时候候,你非得你非得这这么大声么大声说话说话呢？呢？3should(1)应该应该（表示（表示“劝劝告、建告、建议议”）You should follow the doctors advice.I think it will do good to you.你你应该应该听医生的建听医生的建议议。我想那。我想那对对你有好你有好处处。(2)竟然，居然竟然，居然I am surprised that you should speak in such a way.我很惊奇你居然用那种口气我很惊奇你居然用那种口气说话说话。4would 与与used towould 可可表表示示过过去去反反复复发发生生的的动动作作或或某某种种倾倾向向，后后面面接接表表示示动动作作的的动动词词，不不能能接接表表示示状状态态的的词词。used to表表示示过过去的去的习惯动习惯动作或状作或状态态，强强调现调现在已不存在在已不存在。He would come to see us on Sundays.过过去他去他经经常星期天来看望我常星期天来看望我们们。Our company used to do business with theirs.过过去我去我们们公司和他公司和他们们的公司常有的公司常有业务业务往来。往来。5can 和和could 的用法的用法（1）表示）表示允允许许或或请请求求Can/Could you lend me a hand?你能帮我下你能帮我下吗吗？(2)表示表示惊惊讶讶，常用在否定句和疑常用在否定句和疑问问句中。句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那你怎么能做那样样的蠢事呢？的蠢事呢？(3)cannot.too/enough 表示表示“无无论论也不也不过过分分”“越越越好越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.开开车时车时越小心越好。越小心越好。(4)cant but do /cant help but do/cant choose but do “不得不做，只得做不得不做，只得做”I cant but choose to go.6will与与would(1)表表请请求求Will/would you please close the window?(2)表示表示自愿做或主自愿做或主动动提出做什么提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。，如意志、愿望或决心等。I will do everything for you.(2008北北京京卷卷)John promised his doctor he would not smoke，and he never smoked ever since.约约翰答翰答应应医生不再吸烟了，并且从那医生不再吸烟了，并且从那时时起他再也不吸烟了。起他再也不吸烟了。I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he wont listen.我一再告我一再告诉诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。他戒烟，但是他就是不听。(3)表示表示某种某种倾倾向或向或习惯习惯性性动动作作Fish will die without water.Every time she was in trouble，she would turn to him for help.(4)表示表示功能功能(能，行能，行)，用于否定句常表，用于否定句常表“拒绝拒绝”If you dont have a pen,a pencil will do.We tried the door again，but it wouldnt open.7may 与与might(1)“may/might as well动动词词原原形形”意意为为“最最好好，满满可可以以，倒不如倒不如”。You may/might as well do it at once.你最好你最好马马上就做上就做这这件事。件事。We may/might as well stay where we are.我我们们留在留在现现在的地方倒也不在的地方倒也不错错。注注意意：may well 主主要要用用于于加加强强推推测测的的语语气气，表表示示具具有有较较大大的可能性。的可能性。It may well be true.那很可能是真的。那很可能是真的。（2）may 表表“祝愿祝愿”May you succeed!(3)may 作作“可可以以”讲讲时时，其其否否定定式式常常用用“mustnt”表表示示“禁禁止止”；must 作作“必必须须”讲讲时时，其其否否定定式式是是“neednt”，表表示示“不必不必”。May I use your car?No，you mustnt.(委委婉婉的的拒拒绝绝可可用用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或或Youd better not.等等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No，you neednt.8.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare 情态动词(+动词原形)行为动词 .needdare1.1.尤其用于：尤其用于：否定句及疑问句中否定句及疑问句中;2.2.常以常以neednneednt t 和和darendarent t 的形式出现的形式出现;3.dare3.dare有其过去时有其过去时dareddared.He dared/needed to escape.判断正误判断正误:How dare you say such a thing?1.How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd,did he?2.He darent speak English before such a crowd,dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.3.Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.4.need 的被动含义：的被动含义：need，want,require,（表（表“需要需要”）后面接）后面接doing 主动表示被动主动表示被动,need doing=need to be done5.dare 用于用于否定句中，后面的否定句中，后面的to可以省略可以省略 He doesnt dare(to)answer.另：另：I dare say“我想我想”为固定结构。为固定结构。1.(2010江江苏苏卷卷)I havent got the reference book yet，but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry.You_ have it by Friday.AcouldBshall Cmust Dmay2(2011潍潍坊坊质质量量监监测测)When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we _ often go to the cinema together.Awould BwillCshall Dcould3(2010福福 建建 毕毕 业业 班班 检检 查查)For environmental reasons，we _as well take these waste products and have them recycled.Ashould BwouldCmight Dcould4(2010南南通通二二模模)Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel?No，it _ take you long.Its not the rush hour now.Ashouldnt BshantCmustnt Dneednt1can 用用于于肯肯定定句句中中有有时时可可以以用用来来表表示示推推测测，意意为为“有有时时会会”（强强调调客客观观的的、一一时时的的可可能能性性）；用用于于疑疑问问句句中中可可以以表表示示推推测测，意意为为“可可能能”，有有时时表表示示一一种种惊惊讶讶的的语语气气；用用于于否否定定句句中中也也可可以以表表示推示推测测，cant 意意为为“不可能不可能”，语语气很气很强强烈。烈。Mr Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准布什先生做什么事情都很准时时，他怎么可能，他怎么可能迟迟到会到会议议呢？呢？(2008福福建建卷卷)It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家我的家乡乡通常在三月份很暖和，但有通常在三月份很暖和，但有时时会相当冷。会相当冷。2may，might用用于于肯肯定定句句中中可可以以用用来来表表示示推推测测，意意为为“可可能能”；用用于于否否定定句句中中也也可可以以表表示示推推测测，may not 意意为为“可可能能不不”，表示一种不太确定的，表示一种不太确定的语语气。气。(2009辽辽宁宁卷卷)The traffic is heavy these days.I might arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?最最近近这这些些天天交交通通拥拥挤挤。我我有有可可能能迟迟到到一一会会儿儿，因因此此请请你你给给我留个位子好我留个位子好吗吗？(2008全全国国卷卷)Liza may well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.莉莎可能不想去旅行，她莉莎可能不想去旅行，她厌恶厌恶旅行。旅行。3must 表示推表示推测时测时只能用于只能用于肯定句肯定句中，意中，意为为“一定，一定，必定必定”，表示十分肯定的，表示十分肯定的(在疑在疑问问句中或否定句中要用句中或否定句中要用can)。(2009重重庆庆卷卷)Hi，Tom.Any idea where Jane is?She must be in the classroom.I saw her there just now.注：注：can/could,may/might,must在表推测时后面可以加在表推测时后面可以加do,be doing,have done,分别对现在，现在进行或过去的分别对现在，现在进行或过去的推测。推测。表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成He must be reading,_ he?You must do it yourself,_ you?He must have gone over the article,_he?It must have rained last night,_ it?isntdonthasntdidnt4should 用用来来表表示示推推测测时时意意为为“应应该该”，表表示示根根据据常常规规、事事理理、经经验验作作出出的的判判断断，即即含含有有“按按常常理理来来说说应应当当如如此此”的的意意思。思。(2010淄淄博博检检测测)The public transport in Beijing is very convenient，so there shouldnt be any difficulty in traveling around the city.现现在在北北京京的的公公共共交交通通非非常常便便利利，所所以以在在市市区区观观光光不不应应该该有什么困有什么困难难。1.(2010浙浙江江卷卷)“You _ have a wrong number，”she said，“Theres no one of that name here.”Aneed BcanCmust Dwould2(2010烟台二模烟台二模)I think Ill give Bob a ring.You _.You havent been in touch with him for ages.Awill BmayChave to Dshould3(2010济济 宁宁 一一 模模)When shall we hold the meeting?It _ be better to put it off until next week.Amust BcouldCcan Dwill1can/could have done 表示表示推测推测“过过去可能去可能”，用于否定或疑，用于否定或疑问问句，句，其中其中cant have done 多用于多用于语语气气强强烈的否定烈的否定,“不可能做不可能做过过”。(2008天天津津卷卷)She cant have left school，for her bike is still here.她的自行她的自行车现车现在在还还在在这这儿，她不可能已儿，她不可能已经经离开了学校。离开了学校。could have done 还还可可以以暗暗含含虚虚拟拟，“本本能能够够做做，而而实实际上未做际上未做”The accident could have been avoided.这场这场事故本来是可以避免的。事故本来是可以避免的。2may/might have done 表表示示对对过过去去行行为为的的推推测测，意意为为“可可能能做做过过”。might 所所表表示示的的可可能能性性比比较较弱弱，语语气气较较委委婉婉。I cant find my purse anywhere.我到我到处处找不到我的找不到我的钱钱包。包。You may have lost it while shopping.你可能在你可能在购购物的物的时时候弄候弄丢丢了。了。might have done 可可暗暗含含虚虚拟拟，“本本可可能能做做而而实实际际上未做上未做”。What a pity!Considering his ability and experience,he might have done better.3must have done 表表示示对对过过去去行行为为的的推推测测，意意为为“一一定，想必定，想必”，语语气十分肯定。气十分肯定。(2009上上海海卷卷)It must have been Tom that parked the car here，as he is the only one with a car.一定是一定是汤汤姆把姆把车车停在停在这这里的，因里的，因为为只有他有只有他有车车。4should/ought to have done 用用于于肯肯定定句句时时，表表示示“本本该该做做某某事事，而而实实际际上上未未做做”；用用于于否否定定句句时时，则则表表示示“不不该该做的事反而做了做的事反而做了”。Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.我我现现在在觉觉得肚子疼，我得肚子疼，我刚刚才不才不应该应该吃那么多的炸吃那么多的炸鸡鸡。You oughtnt to have been late for yesterdays class meeting，as it was so important.昨天的班会你本不昨天的班会你本不应该迟应该迟到，因到，因为为它很重要。它很重要。5neednt have done 表表示示“本本来来不不必必做做某某事事而而实实际际上却做了上却做了”。I actually neednt have bought so much wineonly three people came.其其实实我我本本没没必必要要买买这这么么多多酒酒，只只来来了了三个人。三个人。1.(2010潍潍坊坊教教学学质质量量抽抽样样监监测测)Her English composition is much too perfect.She _it herself，I bet.Amight have written Bcant have writtenCcant write Dmust have written2(20103月月浙浙江江金金华华十十校校联联考考)Why didnt you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday？Well，I_，but I had something important to do the moment.Ashould BmustCshould have Dmust have3(2010安安徽徽卷卷)Jack described his father，who _a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man.Awould be Bwould have beenCmust be Dmust have been4(2010山山 东东 卷卷)I _ have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.Ashouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt情况情况从句从句的的动词动词主句主句的的动词动词例句例句与与现现在事在事实实相相反反动词动词的的过过去式去式(be动词动词一律用一律用were)would/could/should/might 动词动词原形原形If I had time，I would attend your party.如果我有如果我有时间时间，我就去参加你的宴会了。，我就去参加你的宴会了。与与过过去事去事实实相相反反had过过去分去分词词would/could/should/mighthave过过去去分分词词You didnt let me drive.If we had driven in turn，you wouldnt have got so tired.你当你当时时不不让让我开我开车车。如果我。如果我们轮们轮流开，你就流开，你就不会不会觉觉得那么累了。得那么累了。与将与将来事来事实实相相反反过过去式；去式；should动动词词原形；原形；were to动动词词原形原形would/could/might/should动词动词原形原形If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos.如果明天下雪，我如果明天下雪，我们们就照相。就照相。注注意意：(1)若若条条件件句句中中有有were，had，should，可可把把if 省省略略，而而把把were，had，should 放放在在主主语语前前，形形成成倒倒装装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.=Had you taken my advice,如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。(2)有有时时主主句句和和虚虚拟拟条条件件从从句句的的动动作作发发生生的的时时间间不不一一致致，此此时时，主主句句和和从从句句的的谓谓语语动动词词要要根根据据各各自自所所指指的的不不同同时时间间状状语语选选择择适适当当的的动动词词形形式式，这这称称为为“错错综综时时间间条条件件句句”或或“混合虚拟语气混合虚拟语气”。If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.如如果果你你真真的的努努力力工工作作了了，你你现现在在就就会会感感到到很很累累的的。(从句指过去，主句指现在从句指过去，主句指现在)(3)有有时时虚虚拟拟条条件件并并不不通通过过条条件件从从句句表表达达出出来来，而而是是通通过过词词、短短语语或或上上下下文文暗暗示示，此此时时句句子子的的时时态态要要依依具具体体情情况况而而定定，这这称称为为“含含蓄条件句蓄条件句”。Without electricity(If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.如果没有如果没有电电，今天的生活就会完全不同。，今天的生活就会完全不同。But for your help(=If we hadnt had your help)，it would have caused a serious loss.要不是你的帮助，那将会要不是你的帮助，那将会导导致巨大的致巨大的损损失。失。I was busy that day.Otherwise,I would have gone there with them.(=If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙，否我那天很忙，否则则，我就和他，我就和他们们一起去那儿了。一起去那儿了。1.(2010湖湖 南南 卷卷)If he _ my advice，he wouldnt have lost his job.AfollowedBshould followChad followed Dwould follow2(2011厦厦门门市市质质量量检检查查)Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I _late yesterday.Dont mention it.Ashould be Bwould beCwill have been Dwould have been3(2011山山东东潍潍坊坊质质检检)_more careful，the mistake would not have been made.AIf he is BHad he beenCShould he be DIf he has been(1)在在名名词词性性从从句句中中，常常用用来来表表示示命命令令、建建议议、要要求求、愿愿望望等等的的动动词词后后引引起起的的宾宾语语从从句句和和主主语语从从句句，其其对对应应的的名名词词引引起起的的表表语语从从句句和和同同位位语语从从句句用用虚虚拟拟语语气气，形形式式为为：(should)动动词词原原形形。常常这样这样用的用的动词动词有：有：一（坚持）一（坚持）：insist（坚持主张、坚决要求）（坚持主张、坚决要求）二（命令）二（命令）：order,command三（建议）三（建议）：suggest(suggestion),propose(proposal),advise(advice)四（要求）四（要求）：desire,demand,require(requirement),request Janes pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she(should)have a medical examination.简苍简苍白的白的脸脸色表明她生病了色表明她生病了,她父母建她父母建议议她做一下医学她做一下医学检查检查。(2)wish后面所跟后面所跟宾语宾语从句中的虚从句中的虚拟语拟语气。气。表示表示对对现现在在情况的虚情况的虚拟拟：wish主主语语动词过动词过去式或去式或were表示表示对对过过去去情况的虚情况的虚拟拟：wish主主语语had过过去分去分词词表示表示对对将来将来情况的虚情况的虚拟拟：wish主主语语would/could动词动词原形原形I wish she were here.她在她在这这儿就好了。儿就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我但愿你明天跟我们们一一块块去。去。I wish she had taken my advice.那那时时她要是听我的她要是听我的话话就好了。就好了。(3)在在do you suggest/recommend用在混合疑问句中，用在混合疑问句中，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形动词原形”的形式，其中的形式，其中should可以省略。如：可以省略。如：What type of computer do you recommend/suggest we(should)buy?你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？(4)在在Itsnecessary，essential，important,strange,natural等形容词等形容词 that从句或从句或Its a pity，a shame等名词等名词 that 从句中，谓语动词可以使用从句中，谓语动词可以使用(should)do。如：。如：It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should)be treated immediately.这位重伤员必须马上治疗。这位重伤员必须马上治疗。Its a pity that you(should)be so careless.你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜。你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜。1.(2010福福 建建 卷卷)Teachers recommend parents _their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Anot allow Bdo not allowCmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow2(2011山山东东潍潍坊坊质质量量抽抽样样)The order came that the medical supplies _to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.Awould be sent Bshould sendCbe sent Dmust be sent(1)would rather“宁宁愿愿，但但愿愿”，用用did或或had done表表示示对对现现在在或或过过去的虚去的虚拟拟。Id rather we didnt go to see a film this evening.我倒希望我我倒希望我们们今晚不去看今晚不去看电电影。影。(2)It is(high/about)time(that).句型中的虚句型中的虚拟语拟语气气在在句句型型“It is(high/about)time.”后后面面也也可可跟跟虚虚拟拟语语气气，从从句句中中常常用用过过去去式式；有有时时也也用用“should动动词词原原形形”(should不不省省略略)，意意为为“该该是是的的时时候了候了”。It is time(that)we went/should go home.我我们该们该回家了。回家了。(3)if only 引引导导的感的感叹叹句中的虚句中的虚拟语拟语气气在在“if only”引引导导的的感感叹叹句句中中，要要求求用用虚虚拟拟语语气气，表表示示愿愿望望。用用过过去去时时或或“would/could动动词词原原形形”表表示示与与现现在在或或未未来来事事实实相反的愿望；用相反的愿望；用过过去完成去完成时时表示与表示与过过去事去事实实相反相反的愿望。的愿望。If only I had not been ill last week!要是上周我没病要是上周我没病该该多好啊！多好啊！(4)虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法在在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用用过去式表示与现在相反的情况过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用；用过去完成式，过去完成式，表示与过去相反的情况等表示与过去相反的情况等。如：。如：Ive loved you as if you were my relative.我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。1.(2010合合肥肥第第三三次次教教学学检检测测)Sorry，Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.Well._ you hadnt wasted so much time playing online games.AAs if BEven ifCIf only DOnly if2.(2011青青岛岛一模一模)My uncle suggests I _ abroad.I would rather you _ at home.Ago；stay Bwent；stayedCgo；stayed Dwent；stay1(2010湖湖南南卷卷)You _ buy a gift，but you can if you want to.Amust BmustntChave to Ddont have to2(2010新新课课标标全全国国卷卷)Just be patient.You _ expect the world to change so soon.Acant BneedntCmay not Dwill not3(2010四四川川卷卷)_I take the book out?Im afraid not.AWill BMayCMust DNeed4(2010重重庆庆卷卷)You _ park here！Its an emergency exit.Awouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt5(2010辽辽 宁宁 卷卷)Doctors say that exercise is important for health，but it _ be regular exercise.Acan BwillCmust DMay6(2010天天 津津 卷卷)Mark _ have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.Aneednt BwouldntCmustnt Dcouldnt7(2010陕陕西西卷卷)May I take this book out of the reading room?No，you _.You read it in here.Amightnt BwontCneednt Dmustnt8(2010江江西西卷卷)I have told you the truth._ I keep repeating it?AMust BCanCMay DWill9(2010浙浙江江卷卷)Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy_.Awould have been saved Bhad been savedCwill be saved Dwas saved10(2010陕陕西西卷卷)If we _ the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.Atake Bhad takenCtook Dhave taken