高考短文改错解题策略课件.ppt
高考短文改错解题策略高考短文改错解题策略Error correctingError correcting短文改错短文改错Whats the main trouble when correcting a composition?1.看不出句子有错。看不出句子有错。2.看出句子出错的地方看出句子出错的地方,但无法改正。但无法改正。3.知道改正句子错误的地方知道改正句子错误的地方,但答案不正确。但答案不正确。1.He who makes no mistakes,makes nothing2.不犯错误的人必然一事无成。2.By ignorance we mistake,and by mistakes we learn 吃一堑 长一智。3.A stupid person always tries to justify himself for his mistakes;but a wise man tries his best to correct his errors.愚蠢的人总是为自己的错误辩护,聪明的人则力求改正。4.Dont make the same mistake twice.不要重复犯同样的错误。Proverbs得法者,事半功倍得法者,事半功倍 Howtocorrect?Anyskills?Anysteps?一、短文改错测试的要求和特点短文改错测试的要求和特点 短文改错考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性,所选短文体裁一般为我国中学生习作形式,错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等,通常为我国中学生在英语运用中常见的错误。具体的错误类型有:连词错误、形容词错误、副词错误、冠词错误、名词单复数错误、代词错误、非谓语动词错误、关系代词错误、关系副词错误、介词错误、词性错误、时态错误、语态错误、行文逻辑错误、谓语形式错误、短语搭配错误、用词混淆错误、中式英语、句子结构错误等。一.解题要领 二、短文改错解题基本要领短文改错解题基本要领 1.短文改错是以语篇形式呈现的,所以必须首先从整体上把握全文,了解短文的基本内容,对短文中的人物关系、行文逻辑、基本时态等有一个全面的了解。在整体上把握了全篇将有助于迅速、准确地发现和改正短文中的错误。二、短文改错解题基本要领短文改错解题基本要领 2.以句为单位进行分析,寻找其中可能出现的错误。英语中的句式总的说来分为三大类:简单句,并列句和复合句简单句,并列句和复合句。对于并列句和主从复合句,不可分割地去分析,应将并列句中的前后两个分句、主从复合句中的主句和从句作为一个整体进行分析。这将有助于发现一些衔接上下句的连接词错误、行文逻辑错误以及一些搭配错误等。二、短文改错解题基本要领短文改错解题基本要领 3.注意句子内部的结构关系,对句子内部各部分的作用及联系应有较清楚的了解。可将句子中的“主谓(宾)”看作句子的核心部分,其余修饰部分(如定语、状语)和附加部分则是句子的延伸和补充,然后弄清楚这些修饰部分和附加部分在句中的作用。对句子结构进行分析有助于发现那些在句子结构、词性、谓语形式、非谓语动词等方面所出现的错误。1 1)错词)错词2 2)多词)多词3 3)少词)少词更正更正correct删除删除delete添加添加add错误形式与改法错误形式与改法1 错词(错词(56个):个):在文中该词下划线在文中该词下划线_;在;在线下写出要改的词。线下写出要改的词。2多词(多词(12个):个):在文中用斜线在文中用斜线()划掉该词;划掉该词;3少词(少词(12个):个):在文中标上添词符号(在文中标上添词符号(););在符号下写出要添加的词。在符号下写出要添加的词。1.I can return to school now.2.I like playing piano.3.I major at English.theWrongwordMissingwordinUnnecessaryword 三 基本步骤基本步骤 1、通读全文,了解大意、通读全文,了解大意(找出明显的错误(找出明显的错误)2、逐句分析,仔细推敲、逐句分析,仔细推敲(从上下文逻辑关系入手,找出隐从上下文逻辑关系入手,找出隐含的错误含的错误)3、复读全文,核查答案、复读全文,核查答案;(要写准,写清改错符号,以要写准,写清改错符号,以免造成不必要的失分免造成不必要的失分)一、动词形一、动词形 主要包括两类错误:动词的主要包括两类错误:动词的时态时态和和语态语态错误,以及错误,以及主、谓不一致主、谓不一致的错误。的错误。高考链接:高考链接:1.But,tomysurprise,whenhegetshome,hesawtheanimalwaitingatthedoor,stillwearinghisjacketwiththewalletinthepocket.got2.InGradeEightItookphysics.InonetestIgetonly36percentoftheanswerscorrect.got3.Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.4.She liked it very much and reads it to the class.are_read5.Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish.6.Youcansitatthedeskandreadthedailynewspapers,magazinesandtheotherbooks,butyouarenotpermittotakethemout7.Today,IgotaletterthatsaidIhadbeenadmittingtoacollege.wishespermittedadmitted动词形常见错误动词形常见错误1)一般过去时与一般一般过去时与一般现在时错用。现在时错用。2)第三人称单数形式错用。第三人称单数形式错用。3)and前后动词时态不一致。前后动词时态不一致。(and具有对称性)具有对称性)4)主谓不一致。主谓不一致。5)缺少谓语动词(尤其缺缺少谓语动词(尤其缺be动动词)词)6)主动语态与被动语态错用主动语态与被动语态错用 指指名词单、复数形式名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:将名词复数写成单数。例如:1.sothatIllgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.2.Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.subjectswords3.Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.4.YourknowledgesofGreececanhelpthewholeclasslessonsknowledge5.Ifyouhaveinterestsinit,replytomesoon.6.Theyhaveallsortsofcourse.Imsureyouwillfindoneyoulikeit.7.Insummer,theseaundertheblueskiesisevenmorebeautiful.interestcoursessky三、还要注意形和副三、还要注意形和副 注意注意形容词和副词形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。1.Igottothefinishinglinefirst.Iwontherace.Ifeltveryproudlyofmyself.2.Wecanhearbirdssinginghappyallaround.proudhappily3.Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.4.Heaskedangryifwehadfinishedthework.quietangrily修饰名词修饰名词,be动词,系动词要用动词,系动词要用形容词形容词修饰动词,形容词,过去分词修饰动词,形容词,过去分词,整个句子整个句子用用副词副词比较级和最高级的使用比较级和最高级的使用5.Ahelpinghandisalwaysstrongerenoughtoliftyouup.6.Shewasusualpatientwithherstudentsandnevermadethemdisappointed.strongusually四、非谓语,细辨别四、非谓语,细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现现在分词、过去分词,动名词在分词、过去分词,动名词和和不定式不定式错误。错误。1.Icouldnottorunveryfastandfellbehind.2.LiMengcameseemeeveryday.to3.Myparentslovemeandwilldoalltheycanmakesure4.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.5.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.tovisitedtalking1.人称代词,物主代词的使用人称代词,物主代词的使用反身代词反身代词oneself的使用的使用人称代词的主格和宾格人称代词的主格和宾格不定代词的使用不定代词的使用Both,all,either,neither,none的使用的使用.6.Whose和和whos,its和和its的区别的区别五五、代词代词格,格,细领悟细领悟1.Iwasonlyaboutsixwhenheheldhishandouttome.Itookitinmeandwewalked.mine2.JustatthattimeIwokeupandfoundmestillinbed!3.Shealwaysmadesurethatourhomeworkwasfinishedontime,andshemarkedstrictlyonstudentsactualperformance.students/ourmyself主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识,其错误表现形式主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识,其错误表现形式主要有三种:主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误多词、少词和搭配错误。例如:。例如:1.Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacher.2.Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.a3.Theywereusedtowriteontheblackboardandaskedusdifficultquestions.4.SoIdidntlosemyheartandkeptrunning.5.IwassoencouragedthatIranfasterandfasttillIcaughtupalltheotherrunners.fasterwith不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析,不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:1.Idontknowthattheydontliketotalkwithme.2.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.whywhich八、逻辑错误须关注八、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误,如称谓上的逻辑性错误,如称谓上的张冠李戴张冠李戴。1.Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.their常考的错误形式有:常考的错误形式有:连词连词butbut,andand,oror和和soso的用的用法错误,以及法错误,以及冠词冠词的用法错误等。例如:的用法错误等。例如:1.Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme2.Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.3.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.andorthe4.ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsImdoingattheschool5.AnAustralianfarmerfoundthekangaroocaughtinthefencearoundhisfarms.aa6.TodayIwashavingaPElessonwhileIfelldownandhurtmyfoot.7.Shealwaysmadesurethatourhomeworkwasfinishedontime,butshemarkedstrictlyonouractualperformance.whenand短文改错应注意的问题短文改错应注意的问题四不改四不改:1.单词拼写不改单词拼写不改.2.大小写不改大小写不改.3.词序错误不改词序错误不改.(不是不改,而是按错词或少词来改(不是不改,而是按错词或少词来改).).4.标点符号不改标点符号不改.I often dream of a teacher.I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls.I teach them,play with them,but watch them growing up.I am always young when I was staying with them.I know there is not easy to be a teacher.You have to learn in order to teach.Without enough knowledges you can never learn well.What is more,you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.Only with this way can you be a good teacher and win respect from them.Though I am a student now,I will work as very hard to make my dream come true.beinggivingandamitknowledgeteachthemPracticeinAt Christmas Eve,Jim went with hisfather to choose a Christmas tree.They choose a big one.It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sittingroom.Jim was covered it with a lot of Christmas light.The sitting room lookedreally beautifully at the moment.There was a fire burning in the fire place,but the Christmastree lights were shinning bright.Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily.At Christmas Eve,Jim went with hisfather to choose a Christmas tree.They choose a big one.It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sitting_On_chose_tall_it动词形动词形介词短语常常考,习惯用法要记牢介词短语常常考,习惯用法要记牢还要注意形和副还要注意形和副代词格,细领悟代词格,细领悟room.Kate was covered it with a lot ofChristmas light.The sitting room lookedreally beautifully at the moment.There was a fire burning in the fire place,but the Christmastree lights are shinning brightly.Jim and hisparents singing and dancing happily._lights_beautiful_andbrightwere动词形动词形还要注意形和副还要注意形和副动词形动词形名词数名词数冠词连词须关注冠词连词须关注_还要注意形和副还要注意形和副做做短文改错题短文改错题 有哪些规律和方法呢?有哪些规律和方法呢?平时学习应注意做到以下几点:平时学习应注意做到以下几点:1.广泛阅读,增强语感,提高语言知广泛阅读,增强语感,提高语言知识运用的准确性识运用的准确性.2.规范使用常用的词语和习语规范使用常用的词语和习语.3.训练敏锐的观察力,努力发现细微训练敏锐的观察力,努力发现细微差错差错.4.改错训练和书面表达训练结合改错训练和书面表达训练结合.5.多接触正确的内容,练习改错时多接触正确的内容,练习改错时间应适量间应适量.解题原则一、错误以改动最少为原则一、错误以改动最少为原则二、虚词以添加或删除为原则二、虚词以添加或删除为原则三、实词以改变形式为原则三、实词以改变形式为原则四、原意以坚持不变为原则四、原意以坚持不变为原则