2023届上海市民办文绮中学高三下学期三模考试英语试题（含解析）.docx

2023届上海市民办文绮中学高三下学期三模考试英语试题学校:姓名:班级：考号：一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A New Way to Learn LanguagesNowadays, the Internet is changing the way people learn languages. There is still no way to avoid the hard work through vocabulary lists and grammar rules, but since the birth of the Internet, books, tapes and even CDs (replace) by email, video chat and social networks.Livemocha, a Seattle-based company, has created a website helping people learn more than 38 languages by exchanging messages over the Internet and then 2 (correct) each other's messages. The lessons, 3 form they are in, are delivered online.The CEO of Livemocha says the website's advantage is the context 4 you may practice speaking with a real person. "The great irony is that even if you have learned a foreign language in the classroom for years, you are not confident 5 (go) into a restaurant, striking up a conversation,“ he said. The casual connections with real people throughout the world are not just fun and surprising but reveal more about 6 the language is really used.Livemocha is now experimenting with many ways that resemble the games 7 (find) on other social websites to motivate people. Besides, each person can set up a profile 8 includes a short self-description and what language he or she would like to learn. Therefore, if you want to learn one language, you will easily find many people fluent in this language. And it becomes 9 (challenging) to find a study partner. An email or two is all it takes.There are more and more companies like Livemocha offering online language learning to students throughout the world. 10 merely helping people practice different languages, they also enable people to share interests and make new friends“Humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries-but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity.”.3. Spend less time dreaming and more time doing / Shonda Rhimes, Dartmouth, 2014If you feel beaten by the dreams you have for your business, this speech will set you straight.Author and TV show producer Shonda Rhimes tells the Dartmouth graduates, "While some are busy dreaming, the really happy people, the really successful people, the really interesting, engaged, powerful people, are busy doing." 50 You don't even need to know exactly what you want to do. Rhimes says the most important thing is to stay open to possibilities and just start somewhere.A. Dreaming is only effective if you follow it up with action, whether you're brainstorming a new business model or imagining how to grow your company.B. Failure can be a driving force: one that frees you from fear and encourages you to pursue what you want most.C. In today's fast-moving world, one with great technological advancements and cultural shifts still needs to be prepared to learn, adapt, and start over if necessary.D. It's more important to develop creative business models that turn profits and solve problems.E. The only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work.F. Their words are guaranteed to motivate you to think critically about your business.六、概要写作51 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wearing HelmetSome kids ride through city bicycle lanes like a professional, and others set out alone down quiet country lanes. However, every day, an average of more than 500 children with bike-related injuries are treated in U.S. emergency departments, according to an analysis of injury data from 2006 to 2015. Those wearing helmets were significantly less likely to have head and neck injuries, the study found. And although children tend to wear helmets more consistently than adults, many still ride without one.Along with calling for safer, more bike-friendly streets, it's important to choose a helmet that will help protect your child from injury in a fall or a crash. When you're choosing a helmet, focus primarily on ensuring the correct fit. "A poor fit will impact the protection a helmet can provide,says Angela Lumba-Brown, an emergency medicine physician at Stanford Health Care.The best way to find the right size is to take your child into a bike shop and have them try on helmets with a sales associate who's familiar with the options, says Brad Bowman, product manager at Gregg's Cycle. If you choose to buy online, Bowman suggests measuring your child's head with flexible measuring tape about an inch above the eyebrows before choosing a size.Helmet sizes are measured by head circumference（圆周），and helmets usually come with adjustable dials to accommodate a range of circumferences. For example, a 3-to-5-year-old child might wear a helmet with a 50-to-52-centimeter circumference. Bowman suggests choosing one that fits comfortably but also allows for a bit of growth. Once a sales associate helps you identify the right-sized helmet, adjust the dial until the helmet feels tight but isn't causing the child discomfort. "After you dial in the fit, if you pull up lightly on top of the helmet, it shouldn't come off their head J he says.七、汉译英（整句）52 .如果所有用过的食物包装都被回收再利用会如何呢？（What）（汉译英）53 .经过一个多世纪的发展，民乐界涌现出许多深受观众喜爱的艺术家。（emerge）（汉译英）54 . 一想到这些设备可以帮助老人出行，大家都信心满满。（thought）（汉译英）55 .对于一个潜心科学研究的大学生来说，没有什么比看到实验成功更加鼓舞人心的了。（than）（汉译英）八、其他应用文56 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校英语报计划腾出一个版面专门刊登学生摄影作品, 计划第一期的主题从"My winter vacation"、“People around me"及“The best scene on campus”中选择一个，现向全校同学征求意见。写一封邮件给英语报 读者来信专栏，内 容须包括：1）你推荐的专栏主题；2）你的理由。参考答案:1. have been replaced 2. correcting 3. whatever4. where5. to go 6. how7. found 8. which/that 9. less challenging 10. Instead of【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Livemocha公司创建了一个网站，通过在互联网上交 换信息，然后互相纠正信息，帮助人们学习语言。1 .考查时态和语态。句意：词汇表和语法规则仍然是无法避免的，但自从互联网诞生以来， 书籍、磁带甚至cd都被电子邮件、视频聊天和社交网络所取代。设空处为谓语，主语和谓 语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据时间状语since the birth of the Internet,可知应用现 在完成时，故填have been replacedo2 .考查动名词。句意：总部位于西雅图的Livemocha公司创建了一个网站，通过在互联网 上交换信息，然后互相纠正信息，帮助人们学习超过38种语言。设空处和exchanging messages over the Internet并列作介词by的宾语，应用动名词，故填correctingo3 .考查让步状语从句。句意：无论是何种形式的课程，都是在线授课。分析可知，设空处 引导让步状语从句，表示无论什么，故填whatever。4 .考查定语从句。句意：Livemocha的首席执行官表示，该网站的优势在于，你可以在其 中练习与真人交谈。设空处连接定语从句，修饰先行词the context,关系词在从句中作地点 状语，故填where。5 .考查不定式。句意：他说：“最具讽刺意味的是，即使你在教室里学了多年外语，你也没 有信心走进一家餐馆，与人搭讪。”短语be confident to do,意为“有信心去做某事、符合句 意，故填to go。6 .考查宾语从句。句意：与世界各地真实的人的随意联系不仅有趣和令人惊讶，而且还揭 示了语言的真实使用方式。设空处连接宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，故填how。7 .考查过去分词。句意：Livemocha现在正在尝试许多类似于其他社交网站上的游戏的方 法来激励人们。设空处为非谓语动词，修饰名词the games作定语，和名词之间是被动关系， 应用过去分词，故填found。8 .考查定语从句。句意：此外，每个人都可以建立一个档案，其中包括简短的自我描述和 他或她想学的语言。设空处引导定语从句，修饰名词profile,关系词在从句中作主语，故填 which/that o9 .考查形容词。句意：寻找学习伙伴也变得不那么困难了。设空处为形容词作表语，表示 不那么困难的,应用比较级,故填less challenging。10 .考查固定短语。句意：它们不仅能帮助人们练习不同的语言，还能让人们分享兴趣和结 交新朋友。根据句意，可应用短语instead of,意为“代替.，而不是”，句首单词首字 母大写，故填Instead of。11 . H12. J 13. C 14. K 15. E 16.117. G 18. B 19. D 20. A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，分析了 2023年可以给员工平衡工作和生活的一些高福利，如 灵活性、公休假和无限休假等。11 .考查名词。句意：但仍有一些犹豫：只有9%的人表示他们将允许员工每天远程工作。 根据空前的“some”可知，空处应填名词。根据上一句“78% of employers say they'll allow employees to continue doing so regularly in 2023, according to a Mercer survey.(美世公司的一项 调查显示，78%的雇主表示，他们将允许员工在2023年继续定期这样做。厂和本句中的But 可知，上下文是转折关系，这里表示仍有一些公司犹豫。hesitancy“犹豫”，为不可数名词， 符合题意。故选H项。12 .考查副词。句意：不管怎样，员工何时工作的灵活性和在哪里工作的灵活性同样重要。 分析句子结构，空处应用副词，修饰整个句子。regardless“不管怎样”，为副词，符合题意。 故选J项。13 .考查动词。句意：在调查中，66%的雇主表示，他们会在一个典型的工作日内提供灵活 的工作时间表，例如一周中处理个人事务的特定时间和一周工作四天。根据空前的不定式符 号to可知，空处应填动词原形。根据空后的“to personal matters”可知，这里表示处理个人事 情。attend to意为“对付,处理”。故选C项。14 .考查形容词。句意：员工不再希望围绕严格的工作时间表来安排他们的个人生活，而是 希望两者交织在一起，这样他们就可以决定优先处理什么事情以及何时处理。根据空前的 a(n)和空后的“work schedule”可知，空处应用形容词。再结合本段第一句中的“flexibility”可 知，这里表示不想围绕死板的工作时间表。rigid“死板的，严格的“符合题意。故选K项。15 .考查动词。句意：Pas警告不要对公司为工作与生活平衡所做的保证做出空洞的承诺。 分析句子结构，空处应为本句的谓语，且主语Pas为单数名词，所以谓语应用单数形式。 caution“警告”符合题意。cautions在句中作谓语。故选E项。16 .考查名词。句意：他列举了带薪休假做志愿者的例子，近一半（45%）的公司表示，他 们将在明年把带薪休假增加到福利计划中。benefits package意为“福利计划”，符合题意。故 选I项。17 .考查形容词。句意：这两项福利都鼓励员工在延长时间休假的情况下追求工作之外的爱 好。根据空后的名词“periods”可知，空处应用形容词。根据空前的“pursue interests outside of work”可知，工作之余追求爱好需要较长的休假。extended”延长了的，扩展了的”符合题意。 故选G项。18 .考查名词。句意：然而，2023年的采用率相对较低，只有12%的雇主采用公休假和15% 的雇主采用无限休假，这表明雇主仍然反对支付员工不工作的工资。分析句子结构，空处可 填名词，作定语修饰rates。根据下文中的“employers are still against”可知，这里是说雇主采 用公休假和无限休假的比例。adoption”采用（想法、计划、名字等）”为名词，符合题意。 故选B项。19 .考查名词。句意：相反，随着雇主资助的生活方式账户的兴起，他们更喜欢找到新的方 式给员工更多的钱，这些账户通常是为可能需要一些预算的大额项目保留的。根据空前的动 词“require”和“some”可知，空处应用名词。根据前面的“big-ticket items”可知，大额项目会需 要提前做好预算。budgeting“预算”为名词，符合题意。故选D项。20 .考查动词。句意：但关于解决工作与生活平衡的重要性，最能说明问题的统计数据可能 是，有多少公司表示不打算提供任何额外的福利来支持工作与生活的平衡：只有5%。根据 空前的介词of和空后的“work-life balance”可知，空处应填动名词。addressing在这里作动名 词。address”处理，对付”符合题意。故选A项。21 . B22. C23. D24. A25. A26. D27. A 28. C 29. B30 . B31. B32. A33. D34. C35. A【导语】这是一篇议论文。为了确保青少年的安全，美国对青少年实行了宵禁。宵禁降低了 强少年的犯罪率，非常有效，但是在一定程度上限制了青少年的自由和权利。本文对宵禁这 以举措的优点和缺点进行了论述。21 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也可能是一个人变得非常受到负面影响的时候，并被危险 的情况所吸引。A. opposed反对；B. subjected使经受；C.related联系;D.restricted限制。 由下文“and is drawn towards dangerous situations”可知，被危险的情况所吸引，自然容易受到 答案第3页，共13页负面影响，be subjected to固定搭配，意为“遭受；受影响"。故选B。22 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁往往被视为这 样一种措施，因为它们已经证明了自己的有效性。A. improving提高；B. restoring恢复；C. ensuring 确保；D. expanding 扩大。由下文“teenagers' security is needed, and curfbws（宵禁）are often seen as such a measure”可知，为了确保青少年安全的方法而采取了宵禁这种措施，故选 Co23 .考查名词词义辨析二句意：需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁往往被视为这样一种 措施，因为它们已经证明了自己的有效性。A. principle原则；B.reference参考；C.叩proach 方法；D. efficiency 效率；成效。由上文“curfbws（宵禁）are often seen as such a measure, since they have proved their”可知，采取宵禁这种措施，是因为这种措施很有效，故选D。24 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：青少年宵禁的问题在美国引起了广泛的争论，在美国，这 种方法仍然相当流行，而在欧洲民主国家，这种措施还没有得到广泛使用。A. popular有名 的；流行的；B. absent缺席的；C.practical实用的；D. accessible可接近的。由上文“The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States J可知，青少年宵禁的问题在美国引起 了广泛的争论，这说明在美国，这种方法很流行，故选A。25 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：典型的宵禁要求17岁以下的青少年从晚上11点或午夜开 始不得上街。A. Typical典型的;B. Evident显然的；C. Critical批评的；D. Specific具体的。 由下文“curffews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of streets starting from 11 p. m. or midnight.”可知，此处列举典型例子具体介绍了宵禁的要求，故选A。26 .考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：这被认为可以保护他们免受夜幕降临后的罪行，以及免 受违法行为的伤害，并且有确凿的证据支持这一观点。A. in place of代替；B. in honor of为 了 纪念；C. in case of 以防；D. in favor of 支持。由下文“For example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-till-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20 percent.（例如，当新奥尔良在1994年实行从黄昏到黎明的宵禁时，据报道青少年犯 罪率下降了 20%以上。厂可知，此处举例子来支持宵禁是有效的这一观点，故选D。27 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：达拉斯的结果更令人印象深刻，报告显示青少年暴力犯罪率 下降了 30% ,青少年犯罪率整体下降了 21% （纽约时报）。A. results结果；B.events事件； C. patterns 类型；D. links 联结。由下文“which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent juvenile crime, and a 21-percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people（The New York Times）.”可知，报告显示青少年暴力犯罪率下降了 30%,青少年犯罪率整体下降了 答案第4页，共13页21%,这是达拉斯的调查结果，故选A。28 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，宵禁可被视为一种预防性措施，剥夺了年轻人的 权利，限制了他们的自由。A.protecting保护；B.acknowledging承认；C.limiting限制；D. liberating 解放。 由上文“On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their rights”可知，有些人认为宵禁限制了他们的自由，故选C。29 .考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：止匕外，有报道称，警方以违反宵禁为由逮捕了更多的非 白人青少年。A. By contrast 相比之下；B. In addition 此外；C. In conclusion 总之；D. In general 一般地。上文描述了宵禁限制了年轻人的自由这一缺点，此处描写了宵禁的另一缺点警 方以违反宵禁为由逮捕了更多的非白人青少年，由此可知，空前句子和空后句子是并列关系, 此处应用in addition,表示“此外”,故选B。30 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都可能导致青少年认为他们已经越过了将他们划分 为罪犯的心理防线；因此，这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法之徒，这可能导致犯下比宵 禁更严重的罪行。A. winners获胜者;B. criminals罪犯；C.victims受害者；D.protectors保 护者 o 由下文“thus, such teenagers may start to see themselves as outlaws J 可知，所有这些都可 能导致青少年认为他们已经越过了将他们划分为罪犯的心理防线，因此，这些青少年可能开 始将自己视为不法之徒，故选B。31 .考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所有这些都可能导致青少年认为他们已经越过了将他们 划分为罪犯的心理防线；因此，这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法之徒，这可能导致犯下 比宵禁更严重的罪行。A. take charge of控制；B. contribute to有助于；促使；C. result from 由导致；D. deal with 解决。由上文“thus, such teenagers may start to see themselves asoutlaws”可知，这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法之徒，这促使他们犯下比宵禁更严重的 罪行。故选B。32 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：在为孩子设立宵禁时，父母需要记住的重要一点是，青少年 对某些规定的错误看法可能会导致他们在其他方面行为不端，明尼苏达大学进行的研究证明 了这一点,根据这项研究，青少年倾向于抗议他们认为不公平的行为。A. rules规则；B. charges 收费；C. crimes 犯罪；D. relations 关系。由上文“when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager9s misjudged view of certain”可知，此处指宵禁的一些规定，故选 A。33 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在为孩子设立宵禁时，父母需要记住的重要一点是，青少 年对某些规定的错误看法可能会导致他们在其他方面行为不端，明尼苏达大学进行的研究证 明了这一点，根据这项研究，青少年倾向于抗议他们认为不公平的行为。A. impolite不礼貌 答案第5页，共13页的；B. unrealistic 不现实的；C. inadequate 不足的；D. unfair 不公平的。由上文“teens tend to protest against what they see as”可知，青少年会对他们认为不公平的行为而抗议，故选D。34 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：考虑到这一点，父母应该避免建立宵禁的独裁风格；相反, 他们应该与孩子进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找双方都满意的理想条件。A. adopt采取；B. allow 允许；C. avoid 避免；D. address 解决。由下文“the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead”可知，父母应该避免建立宵禁的独裁风格，故选C。35 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：考虑到这一点，父母应该避免建立宵禁的独裁风格；相反, 他们应该与孩子进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找双方都满意的理想条件。A. satisfy使满意；B. spare 抽出，留出；C. surround 围绕；D. settle 定居；解决。由上文“they should have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew that would”和下文“both sides”可知，父母应该与孩子进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找双方都满意的 理想条件。故选A。36 . A 37. C 38. D 39. B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Jonny Kinkead由于小时候的经历在念大学时决定 选择制作低音吉他作为自己的职业。37 .细节理解题。根据第二段的“"Some people would have got a holiday job and saved up and bought one,“ he says. "But I was of a mindset that if you wanted something, you made it.”（他说： “有些人会找到一份假期工作，然后存起来买一份但我的想法，如果你想要什么，你 就自己做。”户可知，Jonny在十几岁时选择自己做一把贝斯吉他是因为他认为自己做是理所 当然的。故选A。38 .词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Although the bass was the first instrument Jonny built from nothing, he and his brothers had long been doing essentially the same thing with other items."I made model boats and aeroplanes as a child, so I was familiar with that process.（尽管彳氐音贝斯 是Jonny从无到有制作的第一种乐器，但他和他的兄弟们长期以来一直在对其他乐器做基本 相同的事情。“我小时候做过模型船和飞机，所以我对这个过程很熟悉。可知，Jonny和 兄弟们长期以来在父亲的指导下自己制作乐器，这是一个从无到有的创造过程。由此猜测 that process指的是“从无到有制作一件东西故选C。39 .细节理解题。根据第四段的“Jonny's bass guitar turned out well, but the idea of a career building guitars had yet to cross his mind. "My ambition then was to be a sculptor/9 he says. His 答案第6页，共13页interests evolved further and on finishing school, he chose to study architecture at university. Halfway through the course, however, he dropped out, but left with a clearer idea of what he wanted to do and started to think seriously about guitar making.（乔尼的低音吉他非常不错，但 他还没有想过要用吉他来建立职业生涯。“当时我的志向是成为一名雕塑家，”他说。他的兴 趣进一步发展，在完成学业后，他选择在大学学习建筑。然而，课程进行到一半时，他退出 了，但离开时对自己想做什么有了更清晰的想法，并开始认真思考吉他制作广可知，Jonny 所上的建筑学课程促使他决定了以制作吉他为职业。故选Do40 .细节理解题。根据最后一段的“He admits he can never actually turn out more than ten guitars a year, which inevitably restricts his earnings.（他承认，实际上他一年制作的吉他永远不会超过 10把，这不可避免地限制了他的收入）“可知，Jonny认为他的低收入是因为他制作的吉他数 量很少一年不超过10把。故选B。41 . B 41. B 42. D【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几种可以帮助人们缓解焦虑的方法。42 .推理判断题。文章第一、二段讲至'Think