高中英语人教版必修3单元导学案UNIT4ASTRONOMY.docx

新课标人教版 Unit 4 Astronomy： the science of the stars 一天文学：恒星科学核心词汇1. Do you think our education（制度）needs improving?2. The（气候）of southern Florida attracts thousands of tourists each winter.3. Without practice there would be no（理论）.4. The hen was old and it stopped.（下蛋）eggs.5. The idea（存在）only in the minds of us young people.6. Professor Li has solved the（难题）and everyone is cheering.7. Mars' （万有引力）is only about 38% of Earth? s.8. Raising your child to tell the difference between right and wrong is one of the f tasks of parenthood.9. 用harm的适当形式填空（1）Air pollution will get worse and this will be to people, for example, it cancause cancer.（2）Rubbish can be changed into things.Don' t your eyes by reading in the dim light.10. Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use whateverhappens, （violent）1. system 2. climate 3. theory 4. laying 5. exists 6. puzzle 7. gravity8. fundamental 9. （1）harmful, （2）harmless （3）harm 10.violent； violence 高频短语1. 准时，最终2. 下蛋3. 产生；分娩4. 轮到某人；接着5. 阻挡；制止6. 拦住（光线）7. 感到快乐；感到兴奋8. 既然9. 突发；爆发10. 亲密凝视；留神；提防1. in time 2. lay eggs 3. give birth to 4. in one, h out重点句式1 .was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没有人知道，直到3845亿年前，这团尘埃才渐渐地形成一个固体的球 状物。2. The earth became it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得如此猛烈，以至于它的外形能否长久还不清晰。3. This produced a chain reaction, which . 这就产生了一系列的反响，使得生命有可能开展了。4. We watched,on the outside of the spaceship as the earthJ s gravity increased.我们惊异地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。5. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我觉察我被送出很远，步伐的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔 倒了。6. “ walking does need a bit of practice gravity has changed.，z“既然重力转变了，走路也的确需要练一练了。1. What it was to bee 2. so violent that 3. made it possible for life to develop 4. amazed as fire broke out, 5. twice as far as 6. now that 学问详解 1. exist vi. 存在，生存（回归课本 P26）They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。 归纳拓展（牛津 P697）They can' t exist on the money he' s earning. 他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有个解决 现存地理问题的好方法。No one knows how this world came into existence. 没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。 例句探源 即境活用 1.完成句子 巴基斯坦在战后就以一个的国家存在了。Pakistancountry after thewar. 答案：came into existence as an independent 就我所知，他们收入微薄，几乎无法维持生活。As far as I know, they are paid hardly enough.答案：to exist on 2. puzzle n. 谜；难题vt. & vi.（使）迷惑；（使）犯难（回归课本 P27）How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解次的最大的难题之一。 归纳拓展（牛津 P1616）What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone. 令我不解的是，他为什么静静地离开了这个国家。The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened. 警察仍旧正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。例句探源©Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years.多年来科学家们始终试图解开这一谜团。（牛津 P1616）He looked puzzled so I repeated the question.他好似没听懂，于是我又把问题重复了一遍。2. She lost heart since she failed in the exam. She felt about her future.A. puzzleB. puzzlingC. puzzledD. puzzles解析：选C。后句句意：她对她的将来感到迷惑。puzzled adj.（人）迷惑的，迷惘的；puzzling adj.（物）令人迷惑的。即境活用3. pull n. & vt.拉（力）；拖；牵引力（回归课本 P30）As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth? s gravity.随着的升空，由于我们在努力摆脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。归纳拓展He pulled the door open and rushed out.他拉开门，冲了出去。（牛津 P1604）The police car signalled to us to pull in.警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。（3）We waved as the train pulled out of the station.火车驶出车站时我们挥手辞别。The doctor told me that I would pull through.医生告知我，我会康复的。例句探源【高效记忆】3.用 pull down； pull in； pull out； pull through 填空:（1）Houses were to make way for a new highway.答案：pulled down（2）Cheer up! Take more exercise every day and you will.答案:pull through即境活用（3） John behind me and parked.答案：pulled in（4）Be careful when youof the driveway.答案：pull out4. in time准时；最终，总有一天（回归课本 P25）They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth, s atmosphere.最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。归纳拓展The kids will be leaving home in no time.孩子们很快就要离开家了。（朗文 P2162）Will you be back in time for dinner?你会准时赶回来吃晚饭吗？（朗文 P2162）I should be back in time to watch the show.我应当准时赶回来看那场演出。The pany fired him for not ing to work on time.那家公司因他不按时上班而解雇了他。例句探源4. Will you be home to see the children before they go to bed?A. on timeB. in timeC. at a timeD. at one time解析：选B。句意：你会在孩子们上床睡觉之前回来看他们吗？ in time意为“准时，符 合题意。on time按时；at a time每次；at one time曾经。即境活用5. , I lost heart in English learning, but my teacher often said to me, “Keep on studying hard, and you' 11 succeedA. At a time； in timeB. At a time； on timeC. At one time； in timeD. At one time； on time解析：选C。考查由time构成的固定搭配的用法。句意：曾经，我对英语学习失去信念， 但老师常对我说：“坚持不懈的努力，最终会铸就你的胜利。 at a time “每次；at one time”曾经，一度相当于once； in time “准时，迟早，当“迟早”讲时相当于sooner or later； on time ”按时,准时"。由句意知应选C。6. （2010 年江西景德镇模拟）一Does he often ask you for help?一Oh, no, only.A. all the timeB. at one timeC. at a timeD. at times解析：选 D。all the time 始终；at one time 曾经；at a time 一次；at times 有时。7. 一I am afraid I can' t return the book to you before Friday.A. Don' t be afraidB. Be carefulC. Not at allD. Take your time解析：选D。句意：一一唯恐我不能在星期五之前把这本书还给你。一一渐渐来，别焦急。Don' t be afraid 别可怕；Be careful 当心，留神;Not at all 一点也不;Take your time 即 to use as much time as you need without hurrying “不用急，渐渐来"。依据题意 只有D项符合句意。5. in one' s turn轮到某人；接着（回归课本 P26）Thus they have, in their turn, bee the most important animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。归纳拓展When it is in my turn, I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我冲动得都说不出话来了。The customer praised the manager, who in turn praised his staff.顾客表扬了经理，经理转而表扬了员工。All theories are derived from practice and in turn serve practice.全部的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践效劳。Now it is your turn to look after the children.现在轮到你照看孩子了。例句探源8. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this creates further problems.A. in shortB. in caseC. in doubtD. in turn解析：选D。in turn在该题中的意思为“反之；反过来。即境活用6. prevent. from. 防止某事发生（回归课本 P26）They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。归纳拓展（朗文 P16Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving.保卫站在门口阻挡任何人离开。Once he has made up his mind, no one can prevent him from carrying out the plan. 一旦他下定决心，谁也阻挡不了他执行这个方案。His advice kept me from making a serious mistake.他的忠告使我免于犯一个严峻的错误。例句探源9. All possible means. However, nothing canhim dying of lung cancer.A. has tried； stopB. have tried； keepC. has been tried； preventD. have been tried； stop解析：选D。前一句的主语是All possible means, means用all修饰，看作是复数，后面 的谓语动词要用复数形式并且用被动语态；后一句是“阻挡某人做某事，him后省略了 from,应选 Do即境活用7. cheer up （使）快乐；使兴奋；感到兴奋（回归课本 P31） I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth bee smaller and the moon larger.我立即感到很快乐，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着（身后的）地球越来越小，而（前 方的）月球越来越大。归纳拓展（牛津 P327）Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up.给玛丽打个，她需要人抚慰。The good news cheered （up） everybody who heard it.喜讯使每一个听到的人感到快乐。The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang.看到刘翔后，人群热闹欢呼起来。They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports teams.她们这样做是为了鼓舞人们为她们的球队加油。例句探源10. 一I'' m afraid I can' t pass this time.一! I' m sure you' 11 make it.A. Go aheadB. Good luckC. No problemD. Cheer up解析：选D。句意：一一我正在考虑明天考试的问题，唯恐这次我会不及格。一一振作起来! 我信任你会通过的。依据上下文只有Cheer up ”振作起来符合题意，而Go ahead连续; Good luck好运气；No problem没问题，均不符合题意。句型梳理1【教材原句】 “walking does need a bit of practice now_that gravity has changed.，z (P31)“既然重力转变了，走路也的确需要练一练了。【句法分析】now that由于；既然，引导缘由状语从句，有时that可以省略。Now that you have finished your work, you' d better have a rest.既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。Now (that) the weather is fine, let' s go for a ride.既然天气那么好，我们开车去兜风吧。Now you have grown up, you can make up your mind by yourself. 你已长大了，可以 自己做打算了。易混辨析because, since, as, for, now that(1)because语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接缘由，答复提问时，一般放在主句之后。(2) since语气较弱，指双方都明确的缘由或众所周知的缘由，侧重主句，从句表示明显的 或的理由。(3)as语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的缘由和理由，从句一般放在主 句前。(4)for是并列连词，表示推断的缘由，或对前一分句补充说明理由。for表示这一用法时需 放在两句之间。He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday.Since you can' t answer the question, I' 11 ask someone else.(3)As there was no answer, we wrote him again.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.即境活用11. you' ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A. Now thatB. AfterC. AlthoughD. As soon as解析：选A。句意：既然你得到了一次时机，不妨充分利用它。12. 一Did you return Fred' s call?I didn' t need to V 11 see him tomorrow.A. thoughB. unlessC. whenD. because解析：选D。依据语意看，后面的句子表示“没有必要的缘由，所以用because。2【教材原句】 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. (P31)而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我觉察我被送出去很远，步伐的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因 而我摔倒了。【句法分析】倍数的表达方式。(1) “A+倍数+形容词或副词的比拟级+ than + B，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少 倍。(2) “A+倍数+as +形容词或副词的原级+ as+B，表示“A是B的多少倍。(3) “A+倍数+ the size/height/length/width, etc.+of+B",表示"A 是 B 的多少倍”。 (4)A +倍数+what从句。There are five times more books in our library than in yours.我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as it did last year. 我们的城市今年的降雨量是去年的两倍。My house is twice the size of my parents,.我的房子是我父母的两倍大。The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是10年前的3倍。即境活用13. (2009 年高考辽宁卷)Peter' s jacket looked just the same as Jack' s, but it cost his.A. as much twice as B. twice as much asC. much as twice asD. as twice much as解析：选B。句意：彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但是却是他的价钱的两倍。考查倍 数句型“倍数+ as +原级+ as.。14. Ten years ago the population of our village was that of theirs.A. as twice large asB. twice as large asC. twice as much asD. as twice much as解析：选Bo句意：十年前我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。population往往与large或small 搭配，且形容词比拟级的结构之一为：倍数+ as +形容词原级+ as.。