Unit5Wele-grammar知识讲义牛津译林版英语八年级下册.docx

Unit 5 Good Manners (1)语言知识点1: You're old enough to learn about manners now.Be +adj+enough +to do sthLearn about sth2： Second, don't cut in on others.cut in (on sb./sth.)打断(谈话)，插嘴,如：She always cuts in when other people arc talking.【知识拓展】cut down砍倒；减少,削减culofT切断，割断，剪断cut oul切去,切除；剪下例如：If you cut down all the trees you will ruin the land.I have decided to cut down my smoking.【拓展】n.伤口，划口如： Using sharp scissors make a small cut in the material.3： Always wait politely.polite adj.有礼貌的impolite adj.没有礼貌的politely adv.没有礼貌地be polite to sb.对有礼貌be rude to sb.对粗鲁如：Wc should be polite to old people.4： leave the tap runningleave vt.(1)使处于某种状态，the tap做宾语,现在分词running是宾语补足语。"leave sth. +宾语补足语”结构中，可用形容词、副词、现在分词或过去分词等作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语，如：What he said left me thinking deeply.形容词作宾语补足语，如： His illness left him weak.(2)离开;脱离 leavefdr离开前往 如:Fil leave Nanjing fbr Beijing tomorrow.(3)遗忘；丢下 leave sth.+地点如：I left the book a( home.注意：forgelsth.表示忘记某物，不强调地点，但在“leave slh.+地点”结构中强调地点。如：Sorry, I forgot my English book. I left it at home.5：queue for your turn.(1) queue v.意为“排队等候"如:We should queue up at the ticket office.n.意为“队伍短语in a queue意为“成一排(队、行列)“，和in line意思相近； jump the queue 意为“插队如： Why did you jump the queue just now?(2 )(urnn.顺序,轮流It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事，如：It's your turn to make a decision.take one's turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn =do sth. by turns 轮流做某事turn常见的短语搭配turn down关小 lurnup开大/出现 tum on打开lum off关(水源、煤气、电灯等)turn in 上交 turn . into (使)成为6：I'm afraid not.(1)Unafraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。如：I'm afraid I can't stay.rm afraid之后可接so或not,表示前面所提到的情况：表肯定时用so；表否定时用not。如：Will he come today?I'm afiaid so (not).此用法还有 I think so./1 don't think so. I hope so./I hope not.(2)表示“害怕做某事"或“不敢做某事"，be afraid to do sth / be afraid of doing sth。如：She was afraid to tell (of telling) you.She is afraid to go (of going) out alone late at night.7： We should put them back after reading.afterprep.后接名词、代词或动名词He ran after the bus.I like going for a walk after having dinner.I saw them after I arrived.【拓展】before的用法与after相同。Before watching TV, I have finished homework.Before I could get there, the film has been on for ten minutes.Reading1： What's the proper way togreet people there, Jenny?(1)动词不定式to greet people there作后置定语，修饰ihe proper way。如：I have a lot of homework to do.the way to do sth. /of doing sth.做某事的方式或方法,如:It's the best way of studying / to study English.There arc different ways to do / of doing it.有关Way的短语in a way在一定程度上，从某方面说on the way在路上by the way顺便说，顺便问in the way有时也可说成in sb's way挡路，碍事(3)greet sb欢迎某人greet sb. with sth.用问候某人greetings名词，问候(4) improper不恰当的properly 恰当地 improperly 不恰当地2：British people say “hello" or “nice to meet you“ and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.(l)shake过去式shook；过去分词shaken：现在分词shakinghand vt.常用短语：hand in上交，交上去(给老师或上级)hand out散发,分发3：British people only grect relatives or close friends with a kiss.closevt/vi.关闭;盖上;合上,反义词为 open。如：She closed the door softly.adj.近的,接近的(+to)。(关系)密切的，亲密的。adv.接近,靠近地(+lo)。紧密地，紧紧地。©closely adv,密切地如： His house is close to the factory.如：She is a close friend of theirs.如：They live close to the museum.如：Anna followed close behind.(抽象概念)work closely【拓展】closed adj.关闭的，反义词为open。如： He likes sleeping with the window closed.4. But please avoid subjects like age, weight, music, books or something else.avoid vt.后接名词或动名词做宾语，意为避免做某事avoid doing sth如： We should do everything carefully to avoid making mistakes.5： Do people there behave politely in public?(l)behave vt/vi.表现名词形式 behavior表现；行为，举止(2)public n.民众，群体；adj.公共的，公开的。如：The public like watching films like this.Please pay more attention to the public signs when walking in the street.in public公开地，在别人面前。如：Don't speak loudly in public.6.They think it's rude to push in before others.(1 )rude adj.粗鲁的;名词 rudeness;反义词 poli le常用短语：be rude to对粗鲁，如:We shouldn't be rude to anyone.常用短语：push in,插队，加塞；插嘴 push on继续前进 pull up拔，拔起7 . Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they'll say “sorry”.bump into撞上,碰上【知识拓展】fall into落入，陷入run into撞上，碰上break inlo破门而入，非法进入turninto把变成8 .They,ll say “excuse me“ and be polite enough to wait till you move.在肯定句中，lill 一般可以与until互换，但在否定句中一般用until,构成notunlil的结构,意为“直到才.”如:She will wait here till/until 10.Tom didn't go to bed until his mother came back.注意：主句为一般将来时，till/until引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。如：The bus will not go till/until all （he people gel on it.9： British people are very polite at home as well, aren't they?too; also; either; as well; as well as 辨析as well as放句中用as well as,放句末用as well； as well as用在主语后，要用就远原则,如:He as well as his parents is going to the market. 主语看作三单用来表示同级比较，指“一样好如：He plays the guitar as well as you.He swims as well as, if not better than, me.lO.She did not join the discussion.discussion n.讨论动词形式 discuss常用短语:discuss with sb.与某人讨论；discuss about sth.讨论某事。如：Ell discuss with you about the following topic.典型例题一.词汇运用1.1 t's important to speak to the elderly（有礼貌地）.2 .They spent half a day（采）apples on the trees last week.3 .The plan has been under（讨论）for over a year, but no decision has been reached.4 .Thc water kept（流动）for some time.Who forgot to turn it off?5 .What （主题）should we avoid when we are talking with others?6 .He didn't pass the exam to be a pi lol（飞行员）because of his（weigh）.7 .Do you know any English（say）,Bob?1.1 t is（polite）to ask people about their age in Britain.9 .We should not talk（loud）in the classroom during the break.10 .Thc Canadians（成功）tied the tiny person to the tree at last.二、动词填空1. It's a little difficult for us -(achieve) our dream right now, but we should never give up.2. -Did you notice anybody enter the building just now?-Sorry, I(cut) down the tree in the garden.3. -you(finish) your homework?-Not yet. I(finish) it in two hours.4. Have you decided which one(buy)? Everyone is waiting for you.5. The boss made his workers(not work) eight hours bul 12 hours a day.6. Please don't keep us(stand) outside in such cold weather for long.1.1 will give the book to him as soon as he(come) back.8. We hold this activity(raise) money for the local people.9. The government(build) another two hospitals already so that people don't need to go to another city when they arc ill.10. How often the Winter Olympics(take) place?1 L. Il's a good chance for us(learn) about European history.12. Who(attend) yesterday's charity show? It was really a success.13. Just at that time I heard someone(call) my name behind. It was my wife.14. You should plan what you(carry) for next week's spring trip.15. My mother(teach) English in that school for nearly 30 years.三、完成句子1 .我弟弟太小，清楚地表达自己有点困难。My younger brother is so.2 .他们要在学校礼堂举办-场有关良好餐桌礼仪的讲座，真是足够友好。They are kindin the school hall.3 .熟能生巧。.4 .活动的目的是为了教会学生保护自己，远离危险.The purpose of the activity is to5 .这个小女孩够细心，可以注意到她身边的小变化。The little girl is around her四、单项选择1. What's the meaning of saying on the blackboard?-You mean one, “The early bird catches the worm''?A. the; theB. a; aC. the ;anD. a; the2. If you bump into someone in the dining hall, you should say ""to him.A. helloB. sorryC. excuse meD. never mind3. We should try toaccidents.A. riskB. expressC. behaveD. avoid4. He kept me for many hours.A. to waitB. waitC. waitedD. waiting5. Please tell himhere.A. don't smokeB. no smokeC. not to smokeD. not smoke6. There's a（n） that behind every successful man there's a woman.A. saying B. signC. ideaD. picture7. My little brother is too youngdress himself.A. that he can't B. he can C. unableD. to8. The man hands with my teacher is Jim's father.A. is shaking B. shakingC. shookD. was shaking9. Mother warned the electric lamp.A. not to touch B. him not to touch C. him not touching D. him not touch10. 一If I work hard at my lessons from now on, can I do well in them?-Sure.A. All rivers run into the sea. B. Every day is not Sunday.C. Better late than never.D. Practice makes perfect.五、阅读填空We have known so many famous poets. Du Fu （712-770）, one of the g I poets in China, is famous to most of us. H 2 people in the West don't know him very well.The BBC's one-hour documentary （纪录片）Du Fu: Chinas finest Poet introduces the excellent poet to Western audiences. In the film. British historian Michael Wood explores（探索） Du Fu's 13 He visits a number of places, such as his birthplace of Gongyi in Henanprovince and the Du Fu Thatched Cottage （杜甫草堂）in Chengdu, Sichuan, where Du u 4 to live. Along the way, he meets and talks to people who help to tell the story of the poet. The filmalso includes i 5with scholars （学者）and recitals （朗诵）of Du's works. The documentaryexplains why Du's works have been p 6 fbr centuries. "Chinese people really value the recording of history and Du Fu is b 7 than anyone else at reflecting （反映）history in his poetry." said Zeng Xiangbo, a professor at Renmin University.US sinologist （汉学家）Stephen Owen has translated Du Fu's 1,400 poems i 8 English. He f 9 the eight-year-long project in 2016 and published a six-volume（册）book. He hopes more rlO in the West can understand Du Fu's works better. He also hopes Chinese culture will be well-known in more Western countries.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.六.七选五Waystomakeagrealfirstimpression （印象）You'vehearditamilliontimesalready, butitreallydoeslakebutafewsecondstomakethatall - importantfirstimpression. Herearesomeeasywaysforyoutoimpressyourclassmatesorteachers.Bcforcyoushakchandswithsomcbody,makcsurcthatyourhandsarcclcan.Thchandshakeshouldnotbctoostrongortoowcak.Ifthcydon'thavcarcasontouscthcirlefthands,mostpeopleusetheright.2 BeontimeWhenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttime, arrivingontimeisasimportantasbreathing （ 呼 吸）Youmayhaveanexcuse,butthatwilllcavethcpersonwhodoesn'tknowyouwellenoughwithabadimpression. 3.It'sbcttcrtomovcaroundthcplaccthanbcstuckintraffic. IntroducevourselfandaskaboutthenamesMakesureyouproperlyiniroduceyourself. Askaboutlheimamesinapoliteway.4. This willmakeiteasierandmorepossibleforlhemtorememberyournaineinthefuture.Alwaysremembertostandupwliengreetingsomeoneandbesuretoin（roducethemtoanyoneyou, rewith. MakegoodconversationTogctthcmostoutofyourdiscussion, trytofindsomcthinginconimonbctwccnthctwoofyou.5 Apcrsonwillfcelmorccoinfortablcwithsomconchccaneasilytalkto.A. Usebody languageB. HaveaproperhandshakeC. Repeatthcnamesanduscthcmlaterinconversation.D. Asagcncralrule, plantoarrivcaboiit30minutcscarly.E. You'llbeinserioustroubleifyouleavelheinwithabadimpression.F. However, don'thaveyourlefthandinyourpocketbecausethisappearsimpolile.G. Itcouldbeasimilartasteinclothesoracommonhobby.1.2.3.4.5.