2023年考研外语专家预测过关卷4.docx

考研外语专家预测过关卷4一、Use of English1> In October 2022, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank (1)a new electronic market (ww. gs. com/econderivs) for economic indices that (2)substantial economic risks, such as nonfarm payroll (a measure of job availability) and retail sales. This new market was made possible by a (3)trading technology, developed by Longitude, a New York company providing software for financial markets, (4) the Parimutuel Digital Call Auction. This is "digital" (5)of a digital option: i. e. , it pays out only if an underlying index lies in a narrow, discrete range. In effect, Longitude has created a horse race, where each horse wins if and (6) the specified index falls in a specified range. By creating horses for every possible (7)of the index, and allowing people to bet (8)any number of runners, the company has produced a liquid integrated electronic market for a wide array of options on economic indices.Ten years ago it was (9)impossible to make use of electronic information about home values. Now, mortgage3、Which of the following statements is true?A. The researchers work was unpopular because of its biased conclusions.B. The music industry was accused of unclear specification of the nature of the songs.C. The current CD labels failed to specify whether the music is appropriate for youth.D. The music industry would have to yield to the pressure from the politicians.Craig Anderson would probably agree that .A. the relation between violent music and aggressive thoughts was ambiguousB. more experiments were needed to justify the results achieved so farC.antisocial exchanges could be ultimately attributed to violent songsD.nonbiased interpretations might cause more aggressive social responsesIt can be concluded from the passage that .A.some musical styles would lead to a short period of increased social hostilityB.researchers were divided about the fundamental causes of aggressive emotionsC. parents needn't worry a lot about their kids' occasional exposure to violent songsD. music industry would have to be more alert to violent words in its music6、 The biggest danger facing the global airline industry is not the effects of terrorism, war, SARS and economic downturn. It is that these blows, which have helped ground three national flag carriers and force two American airlines into bankruptcy, will divert attention from the inherent weaknesses of aviation, which they have exacerbated. As in the crisis that attended the first Gulf War, many airlines hope that traffic will soon bounce back, and a few catastrophic years will be followed by fuller planes, happier passengers and a return to profitability. Yet the industry's problems are deeper一and older一than the trauma of the past two years implies.As the centenary of the first powered flight approaches in December, the industry it launched is still remarkably primitive. The car industry, created not long after the WrightBrothers made history, is now a global industry dominated by a dozen firms, at least half of which make good profits. Yet commercial aviation consists of 267 international carriers and another 500-plus domestic ones. The world's biggest carrier, American Airlines, has barely 7% of the global market, whereas the world's biggest carmaker, General Motors, has (with its associated firms) about a quarter of the world's automobile market.Aviation has been incompletely deregulated, and in only two markets: America and Europe. Everywhere else, governments dictate who flies under what rules. These aim to preserve state-owned national flag-carriers, run for prestige rather than profit. And numerous restrictions on foreign ownership impede cross-border airline mergers.In America, the big network carriers face barriers to exit, which have kept their route networks too large. Trade unions resisting job cuts and Congressmen opposing route closures in their territory conspire to block change. In Europe, liberalization is limited by bilateral deals that prevent, for instance, British Airways (BA) flying to America from Frankfurt or Paris, or Lufthansa offering transatlantic flights from London's Heathrow. To use the car industry analogy, it is asif only Renaults were allowed to drive on French motorways.In airlines, the optimists are those who think that things are now so had that the industry has no option but to evolve. Frederick Reid, president of Delta Air Lines, said earlier this year that events since the September 11th attacks are the equivalent of a meteor strike, changing the climate, creating a sort of nuclear winter and leading to a compressed evolutionary cycle”. So how, looking on the bright side, might the industry look after five years of accelerated development?According to the author, the deeper problems of aviation industry.A. are the effects of various disastersB. are actually not fully recognizedC. are attracting a lot of attentionD.are not the real cause of airlines' bankruptcy7、One of the facts that reflect the primitiveness of airline industry is .A. its history is much longer than that of car industryB. it is composed of international and domestic carriersC. its market is divided by many a relatively small carrier D. it is still an industry of comparatively low profits8、What does the author mean by "Aviation has been incompletely deregulated. . .(Para. 3) ?A.Governmental restrictions are still imposed on aviation industry in many areas.B.Governments help establish rules for aviation industry only in America and Europe.C.Some countries hope to help their national carriers keep up their national prestige.D. Many countries discourage merger plans between foreign and domestic carriers.It can be inferred from the passage that.A.free competition may help solve the problems confronting aviation industryB. problems in America are more of a political nature than that in EuropeC. car industry should exert a more powerful influence on aviation industryD. there is still a long way to go before the problems can be solvedAccording to Fredrick Reid, the aviation industryA. is facing a very serious situationB. will confront a difficult evolutionC. has no way out of the present difficultyD. will experience a radical reform11> Media mogul Ted Turner yesterday sold more than half of his AOL Time Warner Inc. holdings for about $780 million, a move that reflects his efforts to slash his financial stake in the media giant.After the close of regular trading yesterday, Turner sold a block of 60 million shares to Goldman Sachs Co. for $13. 07 per share, or 31 cents below the stock's closing price yesterday. Goldman was said by Wall Street sources to be offering the stock to major investors for $13.15.An outspoken critic of the corporation, Turner remains AOL Time Warner's largest individual shareholder, with 45 million shares, and a member of its board of directors. A spokeswoman for Turner referred questions to AOL Time Warner.At his peak Turner owned about 130 million shares, but he lost billions of dollars in wealth and grew bitter after the stock plunged following the merger of America Online and Time Warner in January 2022.Turner, who initially supported the merger, later expressed outrage over revelations that America Online had manipulated its financial results. The Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating AOL, and the corporation has acknowledged discovering tens of millions of dollars of overstated revenue. Turner resigned as vice chairman earlier this year and has been spending less of his time on AOL Time Warner matters. He stepped down after achieving his goal of pressuring America Online founder Steve Case to resign as the corporation's chairman. Case said he was giving up the post to avoid a bruising public battle for reelection at next week's annual meeting.In the effort to oust Case, Turner teamed up with Gordon Crawford, the senior media portfolio manager at Capital Research Management, the largest institutional shareholder in AOL Time Warner. Capital Research has indicated it will vote against Case s election to remain on the board of directors next week一a position that analysts said should not affect the outcome. Turner, meanwhile, has said he will support the management slate that includes Case and will make Richard D. Parsons the company's chairman and chief executive.Turner, a visionary who started Cable News Network, is in the midst of rolling out a new chain of restaurants, Ted's MontanaGrill, featuring bison burgers. He recently moved his residence from Georgia to Florida for estate-planning purposes and is spending time and money on his independent film company, which lost millions of dollars on a lengthy movie about the Civil War.From the first three paragraphs, we learn that .A.Goldman has made a profit from this transaction of shares with TurnerB. Turner always expresses his dissatisfaction with the corporation openlyC. Goldman bought the block of shares in order to become a member of the boardD.Turner sold a large portion of his shares to retreat from the media business12、Turner became extremely angry because .A. he had to sell a large portion of his shares to Goldman at a lossB. the merger covered the dissatisfactory financial results of AOLC. American Online was found to have exaggerated its revenueD. he lost billions of dollars in wealth due to the stock's going low13、All of the following about Case are true EXCEPT .A. he stepped down from the post of the founder of AOLB. he used to be the chairman of AOL Time WarnerC. he had to resign from his post under pressure from Turner and CrawfordD. he will meet with opposition from Capital Research to remain on the boardThe last paragraph shows that .A Turner's interest is presently centered on chain restaurantsB. Turner is such a changeable person on business mattersC. Turner will never give up his independent film companyD. Turner is a businessman full of imaginationThe best title for this passage could be .A.Turner makes a series of new decisionsB.Turner shows his anger at AOL Time WarnerC.Turner comes down from his peak in businessD.Turner slashes his financial stake in AOL Time Warner16> The U.S, Supreme Court's decision Monday to let stand aruling in an online defamation case will make it more difficult to determine correct legal jurisdictions in other Internet cases, legal experts said.By opting not to take the case, the high court effectively endorsed a lower court's decision that a Colorado company that posts ratings of health plans on the Internet could be sued for defamation in a Washington court. The lower court ruling is one of several that makes it easier for plaintiffs to sue Web site operators in their own jurisdictions, rather than where the operators maintain a physical presence.The case involved a defamation suit filed by Chehalis, Wash, -based Northwest Healthcare Alliance against Lakewood, Colo, -based Healthgrades, com. The Alliance sued in Washington federal, court after Healthgrades, com posted a negative ranking of Northwest Healthcare's home health services on the Internet. Healthgrades, com argued that it should not be subject to the jurisdiction of a court in Washington because its publishing operation is in Colorado.Observers said the fact that the Supreme Court opted not to hear the case only clouds the legal situation for Web site operators. Geoff Stewart, a partner at Jones Day in Washington, D. C,said that the Supreme Court eventually must act on the issue, aslenders have online automated valuation models that allow them to estimate values and to (10)the risk in their portfolios. This has led to a proliferation of types of home loan, some of (11)have improved risk-management characteristics.We are also beginning to see new kinds of (12)for homes, which will make it possible to protect the value of (13), for most people, is the single most important (14)of their wealth. The Yale Univers i ty-Ne i ghbourhood Reinvestment Corporation programme, (15) last year in the city of Syracuse, in New York State, may be a model for home-equity insurance policies that (16) sophisticated economic indices of house prices to define the (17)of the policy. Electronic futures markets that are based on econometric indices of house prices by city, already begun by City Index and IG Index in Britain and now (18) developed in the United States, will enable home-equity insurers to hedge the risks that they acquire by writing these policies.These examples are not impressive successes yet. But they (19)as early precursors of a technology that should one day help us to deal with the massive risks of inequality that (20) will beset us in coming years.A.createdInternet sites that rate everything from automobile dealerships to credit offers could scale back their offerings to avoid lawsuits originating numerous jurisdictions.Online publishers also might have to worry about being dragged into lawsuits in foreign courts, said Dow Lohnes Albertson attorney Jon Hart, who has represented the Online News Association.The much more difficult problems for U.S. media companies arise when claims are brought in foreign countries over content published in the United States”, Hart said. Hart cited a recent case in which an Australian court ruled that Dow Jones must appear in a Victoria, Australia court to defend its publication of all article on the U. S. -based Wall Street Journal Web site. According to Hart, the potential chilling effect of those sorts of jurisdictional decisions is substantial. I have not yet seen publishers holding back on what they otherwise publish because they' re afraid they're going to get sued in another country, but that doesn't mean it won' t happen if we see a rash of U. S. libel cases against U. S. media companies being brought in foreign countries”, he said.Until the high court decides to weigh in directly on this issue, Web site operators that offer information and services to userslocated outside of their home states must deal with a thorny legal landscape, said John Morgan, a partner at Perkins Cole LLP and an expert in Internet law.The author seems to believe that the Supreme Court's decisionA.puts Web site operators at a legal disadvantageB. renders correct legal decisions in other cases impossibleC.brings about a series of incorrect legal rulingsD. causes operators to issue balanced health plansHealthgrades, com claimed that it shouldn't be sued inWashington because .A. its headquarters are in ColoradoB. it doesn't have a physical presence in WashingtonC. its rating didn't have a harmful effect on the companyD. its operation was carried out in Washington areaAccording to Geoff Stewart, the high court's decision willA. make further acts on this issue difficultB.originate numerous offerings of jurisdictionsC. cause Inter