2023年考研外语模拟卷14.docx

考研外语模拟卷14一、Use of English1> William Appleton, author of a recent book entitled Fathers and Daughters, believes that it is a woman's relationship with her father (1)decides how successful she will be in her(2) life. According to Appleton there are three important steps a girl must (3)in her relationship with Daddy.The (4)is the "little girl stage in which the daughter loves and idolizes her father (5) he were a god or hero without (6) And her father loves his daughter (7) blindly, seeing her as an /zoasis of smiles in a hard, cold world. Then comes the second stage. It starts during adolescence and (8)for many years. Here, the little girl begins to rebel against Daddy and (9)his authority. He reacts with anger and (10)And the final stage comes (11)a woman reaches the age of about thirty. At this time, the daughter sees her father not-as a hero (12)as a fool, but learns to accept him (13) he is, for better or worse. And Daddy forgives her, too, forD. many products would lose their value5、How many advantages of money are mentioned in this passage?A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. Five6、Today business cards are distributed by working people of all social classes, illustrating not only the uniquity of commercial interests but also the fluidity of the world of trade. Whether one is buttonholing potential clients for a carpentry service, announcing one's latest academic appointment, or “networking" with fellow executives, it is permissible to advertise one's talents and availability by an outstretched hand and the statement "Here's my card. As Robert Louis Stevenson once observed, everybody makes his living by selling something. Business cards facilitate this endeavor.It has not always been this way. The cards that we use today for commercial purposes are a vulgarization of the nineteenth-century social calling cards, an artifact with a quite different purpose. In the Gilded Age, possessing acalling card indicated not that you were interested in forming business relationships, but that your money was so old that you had no need to make a living. For the calling-card class, life was a continual round of social visits, and the protocol（礼 遇） governing these visits was inextricably linked to the proper use of cards. Pick up any etiquette manual predating World War I, and you will find whole chapters devoted to such questions as whether a single gentleman may leave a card for a lady; when a lady must, and must not, turn down the edges of a card; and whether an unmarried girl of between fourteen and seventeen may carry more than six or less than thirteen cards in her purse in months beginning with a J. The calling card system was especially cherished by those who made no distinction between manners and mere form, and its preciousness was well defined by Mrs. John Sherwood. Her 1887 manual called the card "the field mark and device" of civilization.The business version of the calling card came in around the mm of the century, when the formerly, well defined borders between the commercial and the personal realms were used widely, society mavens （内彳亍）considered it unforgivable to fuse the two realms. Emily Post's contemporary Lilian Eichler called it very poor taste to use business cards for social purposes, and aslate as 1967 Amy Vanderbilt counseled that the merchant's marker "may never double for social purposes”.Business cards are usually used toA. announce one's latest academic appointmentB. establish business relationshipsC. make a livingD. illustrate the fluidity of the world of tradeThe statement which has not been mentioned in the passage isA. business, cards are a vulgarization of the nineteenth一century social calling cardB.The calling card system was especially cherished by these who made no distinction between manners and mere formC. most people thought it improper to use business cards for social purposesD.everyone makes his living by selling somethingThe sentence that your money was so old in the second paragraph meansA.you have an old pound noteB.your money was uselessC. you have a lot of moneyD.you inherited a fortune from your ancestorsBusiness cards are likely to have appearedA.at the beginning of nineteenth centuryB.at the beginning of twentieth centuryC.before the nineteenth centuryD.after World War IIn the Gilded Age, people who possessed a calling cardA.had to make their livingB. were interested in forming business relationshipsC.boasted of their wealthD. advertised their talents and availability11、As everyone knows, words constantly take on new meanings. Since they do not necessarily, nor even usually, take the place of the old ones, we should picture this process as the analogy of a tree throwing out new branches which themselves throw out subordinate branches. The new branches sometimes overshadow and kill the old one but by no means always. We shall again and again find the earliest senses of a word flourishing for centuries despite a vast overgrowth of later senses which mightbe expected to kill them.When a word has several meanings historical circumstances often make one of them dominant during a particular period. Thus “station" is now more likely to mean a railway-station than anything else; "speculation more likely to bear its financial sense than any other. Until this century "plane" had as its dominant meaning a flat surface" or a carpenter's tool to make a surface smooth”, but the meaning an aeroplane'7 is dominant now. The dominant sense of a word lies uppermost in our minds. Whenever we meet the word, our natural impulse is to give it that sense. We are often deceived. In an old author the word may mean something different.One of my aims is to make the reading of old books easy as far as certain words are concerned. If we read an old poem with insufficient regard for the change of the dictionary meanings of words we won' t be able to understand the poem the old author intended. And to avoid this, knowledge is necessary.We see good words or good-senses of words losing their edge or more rarely getting a new edge that serves some different purposes. Verbicide， the murder of a word, happens in many ways. Inflation is the commonest: those who taught us to say awfully for very , tremendous for great , and“unthinkable" for "undesirable were verbicides.I should be glad if I sent any reader away with a sense of responsibility to the language. It is unnecessary to think we can do nothing about it. Our conversation will have little effect, but if we get into print一perhaps especially if we are leader writers or reporters一we can help to strengthen or weaken some disastrous words, can encourage a good and resist a bad Americanism. For many things the press prints today will be taken up by a great mass of people in a few years.The main idea of the first paragraph isA.only old words take on new meaningsB. a tree throws out new branches as the words pick up hew meaningsC. words obtain new meanings from time to timeD. it is possible for the old words to lose their old senses 12、By mentioning the tree throwing out new branches, the author hopes toA.stress the natural phenomenaB.picture the process of growth of new branchesC.explain what the analogy isD. illustrate his view in a clearer wayWe are often cheated by some words in thatA.their dominant meanings have not been determinedB. sometimes they mean something different from their dominant meaningsC. our natural impulse makes a mistakeD. the dominant sense of a word is not accurate in our mindsIn the author's view, if someone taught us to say awfully” for very A.we were advised not to accept itB.we were getting a new edge for a different purposeC. we saw an example of a good word being misusedD. we saw a word serving for a different purposeThe main idea of the last paragraph is thatA. we can do nothing about it unless we get into printB. we should take responsibility to the language if necessaryC. our conversation has little effect on the situation because we haven't got into printD. a great mass of people will accept what the press prints so that we can encourage the good16> Both the number and the percentage of people in the UnitedStates involved in nonagricultural pursuit expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing and trade and distribution. The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments and communications, making possible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods. In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them. In manufacturing, the transformation was marked by the emergence of a “new factory system in which plants became larger, more complex, and more systematically organized and managed. And in distribution, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the jobber（中间商）， the wholesaler, and 'the mass retailer（零售商）.These changes radically altered the nature of work during the half century between 1870 and 1920.To be sure, there were still small workshops, where skilledcraftspeople manufactured products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures. There were the sweatshops in city tenements, where groups of men and women in household settings manufactured clothing or cigars on a piecework basis. And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building. But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2. 7 million in 1888 to 4. 5 million in 1900 to 8. 4 million in 1920, the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned (快速成长)，as did the size of average plant. (The Baldwin Works had 600 employees in 1855, 3, 000 in 1875, and 8, 000 in 1900.) By 1920, at least in the northeastern United States where most of the nation's manufacturing wage earners were concentrated, three-quarters of those worked in factories with more than 100 employees and 30 percent worked in factories with more than 100 employees.What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?A. New technological developments had little effect on farmersB. The percentage of the total population working inagriculture declinedC. Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the warD. Farmers achieved new, prosperity because of better rural transportationThe word fundamental" in Para. 1 is closest in meaning toA. possibleB. basicC. gradualD. uniqueWhich of the following was NOT mentioned as part of the new factory system"?A. A change in the organization of factoriesB. A growth in the complexity of factoriesC. An increase in the size of factoriesD An increase in the cost of manufacturing industrial productsWhich of the following statements about manufacturing before 1870 can be inferred from the passage?not being the (14) little girl he had once hoped for.But not all daughters go through all three stages, and it is here that the key to a woman's career (15). Those girls who never get past the first oasis of smiles" stage, (16) all their lives seek out their fathers' love and approval, will never (17)in the business world. They will remain at the secretarial (18) all their lives.It is only those women who get to the final stage, those who (19) and accept Daddy's faults, who can even hope to be (20) enough and independent enough to become a candidate for top-management.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. it2、A. lateB. laterC. earlyD. earlier3、(3)A.get throughA. Most manufacturing, activity was highly organizedB. Most manufacturing occurred in relatively small plants C. The most commonly manufactured goods were cotton presses D. Manufacturing and agriculture each made up about half of the nation's economyThe author mentions the Baldwin Locomotive Works in the third paragraph because it wasA. a well-known metalwork plantB.the first plant of its kind in PhiladelphiaC. typical of the large factories that were becoming more commonD.typical of factories that consisted of a single building 21、 Part B (10 points)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、 B、C、D、E、F、G) to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)The great American melting pot (熔炉)is beautifully simple in theory: colors, creeds and cultures stirred together in the land of the free. But the daily details are more difficult.(41). There are 43. 6 million children attending public schools in America, and 2. 6 million of them don't speak English, an increase of 76% in the past decade. (42). Citing the close Quebec secession vote in Canada as a warning signal, U. S. House Speaker Newt Gingrich said last week, We should insist on English as a common language. That's what binds us together. /z Senate majority leader and Republican presidential candidate Robert Dole recently made it an element of his campaign, declaring, We must stop the practice of multilingual education as a means of instilling (渗透)ethnic pride or as a therapy for low self-esteems. /z Dole last week endorsed legislation to make English the "official language" of the U. S. (43).(44). But many critics of polyglot (多语言的)America are more direct than Dole: two pending proposals would virtually dismantle the Federal Government's 27-year support for bilingual schooling, congressional budget cuts under consideration would slash present funding 'as much as two-thirds. Behind these moves lies a backlash against immigration and affirmative action programs to help minorities as well as an impatience with the failures and ideological strictures of some bilingual programs.(45) New York City classes, for example, are now taughtin Spanish, Chinese, Haitian Creole, Russian, Korean, Arabic,Vietnamese, Polish, Bengali and French. In California the demographic （人 口统计 学的） change has been the most breathtaking. Thirty years ago, the state's schools were more than three-quarters filled with white, non-Latino children. Today that proportion has dropped to 44%. A quarter of California's 5 million public school students do not speak English well enough to understand what is going on in a classroom77 according to a 1993 report of a state watchdog agency. The agency charged that