2023年考研外语考前密押卷10.docx

考研外语考前密押卷10一、Use of English1、 With the rapid spread of the internet eye where in the world, and the (1)number of users, one of the most exciting developments on the internet is E-commerce一(2) commerce. E-commerce has two forms, (3) business-to-business, or B-to-B, and business-to-consumer, or B_to_C.B-to-C was the first of these developments. It grew (4) from the first days when people started to buy things from their homes without going to a shop. First came catalogue shopping” (5) you choose what you want from a catalogue (6) pictures and other details of everything that is (7)sale. You then send an order with a check by (8)and the things you have chosen sent to your home. Then (9) television shopping”, where (10)a catalogue, the items for sale are shown or (11) on television to attract the customer. (12), the customer sends a check and the item is delivered to his or her home. B-to-C is the (13)development, where the “catalogue" is (14) on the internet, combining theD. the migration of birds.Lack of meteorological and tidal research means, researchers have to depend onA. measuring the output of coconut.B.observing the erosion of foreshores.C. collecting short interesting accounts concerning climate.D. computer model on climate changes.Human greenhouse gas emissions which cause low-lying places to disappear are mainly let out byA. forest fires.B.the industrialized nations.C.people themselves in low-lying islands.D.the developing countries.The author gives the example of Pacific islands climate change toA. warn people of the danger of global warming.B. arouse people's sympathy for the islanders in the Pacific.C. blame those nations which let out greenhouse gas emissions.D. call for a donation to the residents in the Pacific islands.6 > Who would have believed it? After what seems like an eternity of tantalizing hype about high-def ini tionz/ television, the first digital sets are actually on their way to the market. This much anticipated debut would seem to be terrific news for tube lovers. As promised, the sets deliver super-sharp digital pictures, wide-format movie-style, screens and magnificent stereo surround sound.So should everybody rush out to buy one? Well. . . maybe not. HDTV's obvious advantages over conventional sets are offset by significant disadvantages. For openers, there's the price tag. Sony's small set, with a 34-in screen, lists for a fairly large $8,999. Prices will eventually drop, of course, but Bill Mannion, general manager of Panasonic's TV division, acknowledges, s going to be a while, maybe years before most consumers can afford HDTV. Even if you' re a gadget freak with deep pockets, you may think twice about buying for another reason: "high definition" will not be equally high. Some programs will be broadcast at 480 lines of resolution (compared with 330 or so on conventional televisions), others at a sharper 720 lines, and still others at the maximum of 1, 080. NBC says it plans to start by offering 480-line quality for day-time programming and 1,080 for someprime-time shows and specials.But cable-TV customers一a full two-thirds of American households一may get a sinking feeling of another sort if they try to tune in. Cable companies are refusing, for now, to carry broadcasters' HDTV signals, saying information-rich HDTV channels overtax their systems. Therefore viewers, who want decent reception, will have to buy clumsy, old-fashioned TV antennas if they plan to pull in digital broadcasts.One decision consumers won' t have to make is whether to buy a set that uses one format or another. Back in the days when VCRs were new, you could buy a VHS or a Beta-format machine; neither could read or record on the other's tapes. Those who chose Beta generally regretted it, as VHS took over the market, video companies stopped releasing Beta-format movies, and Beta sets became essentially useless.Most reassuring of all, the new sets will be able to pick up conventional TV broadcasts. You won' t need two TV sets sitting side by side. Will that be enough to talk consumers into putting down the better part of $10,0007 Manufactures hope that wide-eyed excitement over this genuinely revolutionary new technology will help hide the fact that it's still a work in progress. Realistically, they expect the revolution to be aslow one.According to the text, HDTVA. has its limitations.B. is a landmark in TV technology.C. is likely to be accepted by the mass.D. is doubted by manufacturers on its practicability.7、If you are rich and interested in new devices, you wouldA.be likely to accept HDTV.B.still think about lines of resolution of the programs.C.buy HDTV, but with hesitation.D. easily understand what HDTV is.The only reason for buying HDTV might beA.reasonable price.B. format compatibility.C. unavailability of HDTV signals on cable TV.D. broadcasting at inconsistent lines of resolution.Programs displayed on HDTVA. give super-sharp digital pictures.B. may be sent out at 1080 lines of resolution.C.need input of more efforts.D. will have a bright future.Who does the author intend to write the passage for?A. TV buyers.B.TV broadcasters.C.TV manufacturers.D. government officials regulating TV broadcasts.8、 Forget about the days when banks lured customers with offers of free toaster. In the harsh new world of consumer banking, it's the account holder who may get burned.Over the past few years, banks have systematically raised their old fees and invented new ones一as many as 100 different kinds.The size of these charges jumped more than 50 percent on checking and savings accounts since 1990, according to Bank Rate Monitor, an independent provider of financial data. Meanwhile, interest rates paid on passbook savings and negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW) accounts failed to keep pace with inflation, let alone with other low-risk investments. And technologies like automated teller machines(ATMs) have truly turned into cash machines一for the bank.Checking Profits. According to a report by the Federal ReserveBoard, fewer than eight percent of all commercial banks now offer tree checking. In some big cities, such as Los Angeles and San Francisco, free checking is virtually extinct.What's more, the minimum balance required for the average checking account has increased dramatically since the Federal Reserve last surveyed banks in 1994. Account holders looking for interest on their checking through a NOW account had to raise their balance nearly 50 percent to $1, 500 on average and they earned just 1. 5 percent annually for their trouble.NationsBank in Miami recently offered a "Deluxe Secure” checking account. Depositors got only an average 1. 5 percent interest on their checking balance. And they were required to keep $5, 000 tied up in a savings account or $21 maintenance fee. New York City's chemical informed its checking customers that their low minimum accounts would be converted into new “relationship" accounts一with a higher minimum balance. The new minimum necessary to avoid extra fees jumped from $1,500 to $3,000. The dubious new benefits to customers?Banking executives say there's a good reason why fees are higher. Since financial services were deregulated in the early 1980s, competitors have lured away high-margin business that once sustained bank profits. Americans are avoiding low-interestbank accounts in favor of high-yielding investments such as mutual funds. Creditcard holders can get more favorable terms from a national card issuer than from their local bank. Home-buyers can now tap a national market for the most competitive mortgage rates, and new-car buyers can shop for loans from auto-finance specialists like General Motors Acceptance Corp.Still, the banks have managed to regain their profits in part with high customer fees. In fact, the banking industry has reported record earnings over the past three years.What can be inferred from the sentence it's the account holder who may get burned” (Paragraph 1)?A. The author asserts that the account holder should be careful about the free toaster.B. The author thinks that the account holder is the very person who uses the toaster.C. The author suggests that the account holder should be careful about the bank.D.The author holds that the bank should be criticized.The banks' strategies invented to rip the account holders includeA.changing the old fees.B.offering free checking.C.offering free gifts.D. creating new fees.According to banking executives, the higher bank fees may result fromA. the slowdown of economy.B. low-interest bank accounts.C.the decrease of the number of bank investors.D.the increase of the number of creditcard holders.The term high-margin business” (Paragraph 7) probably meansA.very profitable business.B.very promising business.C.bankrupt business.D. well-managed business.From the last paragraph, we know thatA.the banks are notorious businesses.B.never do business with the banks.C. the banks have succeeded in getting back the profits.D. due to high customer fees, the number of the account holders is decreasing.16> In developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, lead towards a narrowing of the range of perception. Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior, of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal-directed behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goal, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated.In the primitive beings, goal-directed behavior, can be very simple motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cease of that action. In adult life, mere cognition can besimilarly motivational, although the visible presence of the opportunity is not required as the stimulants of response. The mature adult modifies his reaction by obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He formulates a hypothesis and attempts to test it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all factors, and differentiates among them. Just as the trained artist can separate the value of color, composition, and technique, while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths to bear in evaluating a situation. Understanding that cognition is separate from action, his reaction is only minimally guided from conditioning, and take into consideration anticipatable events. The impact of the socialization process, particularly that of parental and social group ideology, may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the primary influence. The evolutionary process of development from body schema through cognitive learning is similarly manifested in the process of language acquisition. Every normal infant has the physiological equipment necessary to produce sound, but the child must first master their use for sucking, biting, andadvantages of both the book catalogue and the television and indeed adding more (15)The customer makes his choice but rather than sending an order and a (16)through the post, he places the order and pays for it using his credit card, all using the (17)Many people worry about giving (18)of their credit card over the internet and the danger that it may be deceitfully used. (19), the general view is that with modern systems of secure measures the dangers of the misuse of credit cards is (20)greater in a shop, garage or restaurant than in using it for shopping on the internet.A. increasingB.spreadingC.decreasingD.raising2、A.electricB.electricalC. electronicD.electronics3、A.regarded as chewing before he can control his equipment for use in producing the sounds of language. From the earlier times, it is clear that language and human thought have been intimately connected. Sending or receiving messages, from primitive warnings of danger to explaining creative or reflective thinking, this aspect of cognitive development is also firmly linked to the needs and aspirations of society.How does the child develop his perception?A. Parents and teachers play a key role in his development of cognition.B. He believes that objects around him independent of his perception.C.Strong motivations give rise to perception which is polished further by the child itself.D. He holds the conviction that things around him are parts of extended body and later on gives it up.If a child meets some difficulties in the process of reaching his goal, he mayA. face them bravely and try to overcome them.B.neglect them and come up with a new goal.C. be unwilling to admit there are some difficulties.D. worry about them and feel discouraged or frustrated.Adults' motivational cognition may be stimulated byA.predictable presence of opportunities.B.visible signs of opportunities.C. stimulants.D. approachable information.The influence of socialization process mayA.produce tension.B.produce extreme emotion.C.reduce the degree of fear or anger.D.reduce one's cognitively guided behaviors.What links cognitive development to the needs of society?A.Practical purpose.B. Natural human cognitive development.C. Language.D.Sending or receiving messages.21> Part B (10 points)The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. ForQuestions 41-45, you are required to reorganize theseparagraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the listA-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points) A. A millionaire may describe his "just-right wife as charming, beautiful, sexy, intelligent, and well developed. On the other hand, a poor man may define his just-right wife as pleasing, attractive, desirable, knowledgeable, and shapely. Both men describe their just-right wife with the game physical qualities, but use different words. The millionaire5 s definition of the just-right wife is more elegant, whereas the poor man s definition is a more common, everyday description.B. Men from all nationalities also have their definition of the just-right wife. For example; the Italian man describes his wife as a woman who stands six feet one