2023年考研外语模拟卷10.docx

考研外语模拟卷10一、Use of English1 > It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives, (1)about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, (2)is their purpose merely to make conversation. The oldperson，s recollections of the past help to (3)an identitythat is becoming increasingly fragile: (4)any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (5) to the future, the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (6)living. (7), thememories form, part of a continuing life (8), in which theold person (9)the events and experiences of the years goneby and (10)on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.As the life cycle (11) to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending death. (12) this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (13) subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (14) As adultsThis passage is mainly about.A. the cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing partB. the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemiaC.the causes of childhood leukaemiaD. a new finding by British scientists6、For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn，t be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as manand permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.The most important advances made by mankind come fromA. apparently useless informationB.the natural sciencesC.philosophyD.technical applicationsThe author does not include among the science the study of.A.AstronomyB.LiteratureC.ChemistryD.EconomicsIn the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect the author to discuss.A. unforeseen discoveriesB.philosophyC.the value of pure researchD.the value of technical researchThe author points out that the Greeks who studies conic section.A. were unaware of the value of their studiesB. were mathematiciansC. resignedD. were interested in navigationThe practical scientist.A. is a philosopherB. is interested in the unknownC. knows the value of what he will discoverD. knows that the world exists7、 Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people, s work has taken the form, of jobs. Theindustrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people，s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people* s work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.What idea did the author derive from the recent opinion polls?A. New jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures.B. Available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population.C. The present high unemployment figures are a fact of life.D.Jobs available must be distributed among more people.The passage suggests that we should now re-examine our thinking about work and.A.be prepared to fill in time by taking up houseworkB. set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn cab employ othersC. create more factories in order to increase our productivityD. be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of workThe passage tells us that the arrival of the industrial age meant that.A. economic freedom came within everyone，s reachB. patterns of work were fundamentally changedC.to survive, everyone had to find a jobsupportingthemselves15、Accordingto the passage, which of the following is true?A.Peopleshould start to Support themselves by learning apractical skill.B.The creation of jobs for allis an impossibility.C.We should help people to getfull-time jobs;D. We must make every effortto solve the problem ofD.universal employment guaranteed prosperity14、As a result of the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries,A.people were not adequately compensated for the loss of their landB. people were no longer legally entitled to reclaim landC. people were badly paid for the work they managed to findD. peoplewere forced to look elsewhere for means of unemployment.16> Despite Denmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, They always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance,the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in tire eye and say, “Denmark is a great country”. You're supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life* s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars. Danes love seminars: Three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs-there is no Danish Academy to defend against it-old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have too little”, and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It，s a nation of recyclers-about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new-and no nuclear power plants. It，s a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers一a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world* s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern hemisphere7'. So, of course, one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (''Foreigners out of Denmark!，z), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it's 2 a. m. and there* s not a car in sight. However, Danes don，t think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a. m. -for-the-green-1 ight people一that's how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker,and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn，t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn't feel bad for taking what you're entitled to, you're as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it pA.boastfulB.modestC.deprecatingmany of us find the topic frightening and are (15)to think about it一and certainly not to talk about it (16) the presence of someone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo (17)only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to (18)the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (19)our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes (20) is so.A.better thanB. rather than C.less than D.other than 2、 A. soB. evenC. norD. hardly3、A.preserve B.conserve C.resumeD.assumeD. mysteriousWhich of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?A. Fondness of foreign culture.B. Equality in society.C. Linguistic tolerance.D. Persistent planning.The author，s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is.A.disapprovingB.approvingC.noncommittalD.doubtfulAccording to the passage, Danish orderliness.A. sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB. spares Danes social troubles besetting other peoplesC. is considered economically essential to the countryD. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troublesAt the end of the passage the author states all the followingEXCEPT that.A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB. Danes take for granted what is given to themC. the open system helps to tide the country overD. orderliness has alleviated unemployment21、 Part B (10 points)You are going to read a list of headings and a text about Rituals and ceremonies and cultural identity. Choose the most suitable from the list A一F for each numbered paragraph (4145). The first paragraph of the text is not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.A. Preserving cultural identity can be achieved in different way.B. Ritual and ceremony are used in order to keep their own cultural identification.C. Ritual and ceremony should not be regarded as a only way of keeping cultural identification, for they have other function. D. Different cultures mainly use superstition to keep identification.E. Ritual and ceremony have a closer relation with superstition. F. In American ritual and ceremony can show their subculturesidentity.The speaker asserts that rituals and ceremonies are needed for any culture or group of people to retain a strong sense of identity. I agree that one purpose of ritual and ceremony is to preserve cultural identity, at least in modern times. However, this is not their sole purpose; nor are ritual and ceremony the only means of preserving cultural identity. (41).I agree with the speaker insofar as one purpose of ritual and ceremony in today's world is to preserve cultural identity. Native American tribes, for example, cling tenaciously to their traditional ceremonies and rituals, which typically tell a story about tribal heritage. The reason for maintaining these rituals and customs lies largely in the tribes， 500-year struggle against assimilation, even extinction, at the hands of European in