2023年考研外语考试题目及答案13.docx

考研外语考试题目及答案13一、Use of English1 > Digital photography is still new enough that most of us have yet to form, an opinion about it, (1) develop a point of view. But this hasn，t stopped many film and computer fans from agreeing (2) the early conventional wisdom about digital cameras一they' re new (3)for you. But they，re not suitable for everyday picture taking.The fans are wrong: More than anything else, digital cameras are radically (4)what photography means and what it can be. The venerable medium of photography (5)we know it is beginning to seem out of (6) with the way we live. In our computer and camcorder (7) saving pictures as digital (8)and watching them on TV is no less practicaland in many ways more (9) than fumbling with rolls of film that must be sent off to be (10).Paper is also terribly (11). Pictures that are incorrectly framed, (12), or lighted are nonetheless committed to film and ultimately processed into prints.The digital medium changes the (13). Still images that areEvidence from the economists and the building industries shows that .A.exposure to asbestos fibres is cancer-causingB. asbestos is in extensive use in building industryC.use of asbestos is being reduced graduallyD.exposure to asbestos fibres can be reduced significantly5、When could the risk of asbestos disappeared according to the passage?A. When we adopt the researchers' advice.B. When we don，t use asbestos.C. For many years from now, it will not disappear.D.The council have already find ways to prevent the risk.6 A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn，t easy, marriage has always been difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modern social fabric is thin, and yes the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and thrown the family into disorder. But divorce is so common be-cause people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party.Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, net dreadful seif-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of one's fantasies, some of one，s legitimate desires have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. "While all marital partners feel shackled at times, it is they who really choose to make the marital ties into confining chains or supporting bends”, says Dr. Whitaker. Marriage requires sexual, financial and emotional discipline. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot al low themselves to stop growing or changing.A divorce is not an evil act. Sometimes it provides salvation（挽 救）for people who have grown hopelessly apart or were frozen in patterns of pain or mutual unhappiness. Divorce can be like the first cut of the surgeon's knife, a step toward new health and a good life. On the other hand, if the partners can stay past the breaking up of the romantic myths into the development of real love and intimacy, they have achieved a work as amazing as the greatest cathedrals （教堂）of the world. Marriages that do not fail but improve, that persist despite imperfections, are not only rare these days but offer a wondrous shelter in which the face of our mutual humanity can safely show itself.According to the author, an ideal marriage life .A. requires considerable sacrifice on both partnersB. requires that the couple be emotionally involvedC. allows for the growth of the husband and wife as a couple and as two individualsD. is only an illusion in today's societyIn Paragraph 2, the word "legitimate" most probably meansA. lawfulB. biologicalC. personalD. reasonableIn the author's opinion, a divorce is not an evil act.A. if the marital life is imperfectB. if it leads to a more worthwhile life for the two personsC. it the couple later get roamed again and and real loveD. if the couple live far away from each otherThe author believes the real cause for the increase of divorces today is that.A. people have too many sources of entertainmentB. people have less internal restraintsC. people no longer enjoy family life as they did beforeD. people do not want to be confined by marital ties 10、In Paragraph 2, the word shackled" means.A.connectedB.pleasedC.restrictedD.disappointed11 > The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scotland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced threshing machines. Improve-meats were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting machines were produced, Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by gasoline beccime the chief power source for the farm.In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of fanning. Between 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the soil to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop weeds; spray devices that can spray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and many others. A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation. On the farm lathe United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseases, fertilized, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees, gain and blend feed, and dry gain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray an exact row width, and to count out, Space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row.Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa, Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculturein parts of the tropics, but even today much of that land is laboriously worked by people leading draft animals pal-ling primitive plows.The problems of mechanization in some areas are not only cultural in nature. For examples, tropical soils and crops differ markedly from those in temperate areas that the machines are designed for, so adaptations have to be made. But the greatest obstacle to mechanization is the fear in underdeveloped countries that the workers who are displaced by machines would not find work elsewhere, Introducing mechanization into such areas requires careful planning.The first paragraph uses several examples to convey the ideas that.A. the introduction of machines into agricultural work created rebellions on the part of the farmersB. the use of internal combustion engine as a chief power source for the farm produced great influenceC. the mechanization of agricultural work after 1850 gradually robbed many farmers of their workD. ingenious improvements were made in fanning machines in the 1860s to yield productionIn the first sentence of the second paragraph, the word skyrocketed, most probably means .A. became variousB. was updatedC. increased rapidlyD. remained the sameIn the tropical areas,.A. mechanization is not yet used in agricultureB. agriculture is accepted fastestC. a lot of farm work is still done in the old wayD. mechanization is avoided to save primitive forestBy saying that "the problems of mechanizing some areas are not only cultural in nature”, the author means.A. mechanization is not yet introduced in some areas for economic reasonsB. human and animal labour in some areas are less expensiveC.culture is not a factor in obstacling the introduction of mechanizationD. different kinds of mechanized fanning tools are used in different culturesWhat can we infer from the passage?A. Human can be total ly replaced by machines in agricul ture.B. We cannot see mechanization in Africa,C. As long as adaptations been made, mechanization will be used in agriculture in tropical area.D. The number of farmers who run a farm in America is less than that of the farmer who run a farm of under developed countries.16、 Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So there are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil experts. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short item.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, tuxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0. 25-0. 5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies-to which heavy industry has shifted-have become more energy-intensive, and se could he more seriously squeezed.One more reason net to lose sleep over the rise in oil pricesis that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist，s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is.A.global inflationB.reduction in supplyC. fast growth in economyD. Iraq's suspension of exports17> It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if.A.price of crude risesB. commodity prices riseC.consumption risesD.oil taxes rise18、The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries.A.heavy industry becomes mare energy-intensiveB. income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil.(14) digitally can immediately be shown on a computer (15), a TV screen, or a small liquid-crystal display (LCD) built fight into the camera. And since the points of light that (16) an image are saved as a series of digital bits in electronic memory, (17) being permanently etched ontofilm, they can be erased, retouched, and transmitted (18) .What's it like to (19)with one of these digital cameras? It's a little like a first date一exciting, confusing and fraught with (20).A.rather thanB. let aloneC. much lessD. so as to2、(2)A. onB. withC. toD. by3、A. attachmentsB.auxiliariesC.attributespricesC. manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezedD. oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP19、 We can draw a conclusion from the text that.A.oil-price shocks are less shocking nowB. inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocksC. energy conservation can keep down the oil pricesD. the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry20> From the text we can see that the writer seems.A.optimisticB.sensitiveC.gloomyD. scared21> Part B (10 points)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A B、C、D、E F、G) to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)The Revolutionary War, which began officially on April 19, 1775, dragged on for more than six bitter years. It was conflictfought by the colonials for the righteous cause of securing freedom from intolerable British intervention in America affairs.(41) . When legal restrictions were implemented by both the British and the colonists in 1775, nearly all American overseas commerce abruptly ceased. By mid-1775, the colonies faced acute shortages in such military essentials as powder, flints, muskets, and knives. Even salt, shoes, woolens and linens were in short supply. Late in 1775, Congress authorized limited trade with the West Indies, mainly to procure arms and ammunitions, and trade with other non-British areas was on an unrestricted basis by the spring of 1776.(42) . Yet the colonies engaged in international trade despite the blockade. Formal treaties of commerce with France in 1778 and with Holland and Spain shortly thereafter stimulated the flows of overseas trade. Between 1778 and early 1782, American war time commerce was at its zenith. During those years, France, Holland, Spain, and their possessions all actively traded with the colonies. Even so, the flow of goods in and out of the colonies remained well below prewar levels. Smuggling, privateering, and legal trade with overseas partners only partially offset the drastic trade reductionswith Britain. Even the coastal trades were curtailed by a lack of vessels, by blockades, and by wartime freight rates. British-occupied ports, such as New York, generated some import activity but little or nothing in the way of exports.(43) . In Philadelphia, for instance, nearly 4, 000 women were employed to spin materials in their homes for the newly established textile plants. A sharp increase also occurred in the number of artisan workshops with a similar stimulus in the production of beer, whiskey, and other domestic alcoholic beverages. (44). Only the least commercialized rural areas remained little affected by the serpentine path of war and the sporadic