2023年考研外语考试题目及答案15.docx

考研外语考试题目及答案15一、Use of English1> Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort to their fellows. (1), medical authorities ex press their (2) about the effect of smoking (3)the health not only (4)those who smoke but also of those who do not. In fact, non smokers who must (5) inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke may (6) more than the smokers themselves.As you aye doubtless, (7), a considerable number of our students have (8) in effort to (9)the university to ban smoking in the classroom. I believe they are (10)right in their aim. (11) I would hope that it is (12) to achieve this by (13)on the smokers to use good judgment and show concern (14) others rather than regulation. Smoking is (15)by law in theater and in halls used for (16)films as well as in laboratories where there (17) be a fire hazard. Elsewhere, it is up to your good sense.I am (18) asking you to maintain (19) in theA.concerned and sympatheticB.scientific and detachedC.suspicious and cautiousD.reproachful and disturbedThe word omnipresent in Para. 3 probably means.A.eternalB.strategicC.present everywhereD.sovereign5、 Bobby and his master, farmer John Gray, were familiar sights in Edinburgh. Every Wednesday after a visit to market and exactly as the time-gun boomed one o' clock, the two would enter Traill's Dining Room for their midday meal, a frugal lunch for Gray, and a bun for Bobby.Then in 1858, the schedule was interrupted. Farmer Gray died. Three days after the funeral exactly at one o'clock, Traill found him self looking into a pair of beseeching canine eyes. Bobby got his bun and disappeared. This was repeated for several days until Traill's curiosity got the better of him. He followed the small terrier as he left and raced to his master's grave. There he remained each day, fair or foul, despite the effortsof dog-loving townspeople to give him a new home. The graveyard caretaker, while sympathetic, was at first not so willing to let him in. But Bobby's devotion and fidelity were so great that the caretaker provided Bobby with a shelter close to the grave to protect him from bad weather.Then, after nine years, Bobby was arrested as a vagrant because he had no license. The restaurant keeper appeared in court with Bob by mile was released by merciful justice. But just to make sure the law could not touch him. Lord Provost William Chambers paid Bobby's fee each year and presented him with a brass-plated collar inscribed Grey friars' Bobby from The Lord Provost, 1876, License.，zAfter that, Grey friars' Bobby was allowed to keep his lonely vigil undisturbed. He never varied his mealtime. Each day he left the graveyard as the gun roared one o' clock to pick up his bun and take it back to eat at his master's side. He must have been really hardy for he lived until 1872, having kept to his solitary post for fourteen long years. He was buried in Grey friars, of course, in a flower bed near John Gray's tombstone.An appropriate title for the passage could be .A. TrailT s Dining RoomB. Farmer John GrayC.Bobby the FaithfulD.Lord Provost William Chambers7、The phrase /zf ami liar sights" in the first sentence is nearest in meaning to A.people who are familiar with the surroundingsB.people who enjoy sightseeingC.people who have very good eye-sightsD.people or objects that are often seen around by othersThe phrase fair or foul in the second paragraph is used to describe .A.the graveyardB.the weatherC. BobbyD.TraillWhich of the following is NOT mentioned or implied about Bobby?A.Bobby had refused to live in other people's home.B.Bobby was devoted and faithful to his master.C.Bobby was once arrested because he did something wrong.D. Bobby was protected by Lord Provost William Chambers untilhis death.From the passage, we know that Bobby was.A.John Gray's servantB. a dogC.a vagrantD.John Gray's son11> A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors一or of people very different from our own一can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books.In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the otherhand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly political artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso's Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros-as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinez-depicted these Mexican artists' deep anger and sadness about social problems.In the same way, art can reflect a culture's religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Al though most people couldn，t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy.More can be learned about a culture from a study of art historythan general history because art history .A. shows us the religious beliefs and emotions of a people in addition to political values.B. provides us with information about the daily activities of people in the pastC. gives us an insight into the essential qualities of a time and a placeD. all of the aboveArt is subjective in that .A. a personal and emotional view of history is presented through itB. it can easily rouse our anger or sadness about social problemsC. it will find a ready echo in our heartsD.both B and CWhich of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Unlike Francisco Goya, Pablo Picasso and several Mexican artists expressed their political opinions in their paintings.B. History books often reveal the compliers，political views.C.Religious art remained in Europe for centuries the only type of art because most people regarded the Bible as the Holy Book.D. In the Middle East even today you can hardly find any human and animal figures on palaces or other buildings.The passage mainly discusses .A.the difference between general history and art historyB.the making of art historyC. what we can learn from artD.the influence of artists on art historyIt may be concluded from this passage that.A.Islamic artists have had to create architectural decoration with images of flowers or geometric formsB.history teachers are more objective than artistsC. it is more difficult to study art history than general historyD. people and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other building in order to popularize the Bible16> The full influence of mechanization began shortly after1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. Theintroduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines wou1d rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scoffland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced threshing machines. Ingenious improvements were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting machines were produced. Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power source for the farm.In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of fanning. Between 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the soil to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop needs; spray devices that can spray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and many others. A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation on the farm.In the United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseases, fertilized,cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees; grain and blend feed, and dry grain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray and exact row width, and to count out, space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row.Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa. Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculture in parts of the tropics, but even today much of that land us laboriously worked by people leading draft animals pulling primitive plows.The problems of mechanization in some areas are not only cultural in nature. For examples, tropical soils and crops differ markedly from those in temperate areas that the machines are designed for, so adaptations have to be made. But the greatest obstacle to mechanization is the fear in underdeveloped countries that the workers who are displaced by machines would not find work elsewhere. Introducing mechanization into such areas requires careful planning.The first paragraph uses several examples to convey the ideasthat.A. the introduction of machines into agricultural work created rebellions on the part of the farmersB. the use of internal-combustion engine as a chief power source for the farm produced great influenceC. the mechanization of agricultural work after 1850 gradually robbed many farmers of their workD. ingenious improvements were made in fanning machines in the1860s to yield productionFrom the second paragraph, we know that.A. America is highly mechanized in agricultureB.agriculture innovation is quite popular in U. S.C. equipment is only available in fertilizing the plantD.different machines are invented to do different laborious jobsIn the first sentence of the second paragraph, the word skyrocketed, most probably means.A.became variousB.was updatedC. increased rapidlyauditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the nonsmokers health and well-being in (20) which is very important to a large number of our students.A. StillB. MoreC. AgainD. Further2、A. concernB. troubleC. interestD. displeasure3、A. onB. inC. withD. to4、(4)A. toB. aboutC. withD. ofD. remained the sameIn the tropical areas,.A. mechanization is not yet used in agricultureB.agriculture is accepted fastestC. a lot of farm work is still done in the old wayD. mechanization is avoided to save primitive forestBy saying that the problems of mechanizing some areas are not only cultural in nature, the author means .A. mechanization is not yet introduced in some areas for economic reasonsB. human and animal labour in some areas are less expensiveC. culture is not a factor in obstacling the introduction of mechanizationD.different kinds of mechanized farming tools are used in different cultures19、 Part B (10 points)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、 B> C、D> E> F> G) to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of thegaps. (10 points)Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus (舆论)that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? (41).The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form, of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. (42). Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the meansto provide a living for themselves. (43).Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. (44). Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. (45). As employment became the dominant form, of work, young people and old people were excluded a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the utopian(空 想的)goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs. A. Now it became customary, for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.B. Should we not aim to revive the household and theneighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work?C. Men and women are all equal when applying for a job.D. Only in this way, can we solve the unemp