2023年英语全国甲卷CD篇翻译+结构+解析+重点词汇导学案-2024届高三英语一轮复习.docx

2023全国甲卷英语阅读C篇I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy（哲学）.That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you and then try to explain them.Eric Weinefs The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosophers work in the centext（ 背景）of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding（解读）their messages and adding his own interpretation.The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with act | aekt | v. |行动；表演；扮演recovery | n kA vori | n. | 恢复;复苏；痊愈 attempt | o' tempt | v. | 尝试；企图；试图 delist | di： ' ll st | v. | 除名;取消上市 loosen | ' lu： sn | v. |放松；松开；变得松弛 overturn | , ou vr' t3 ：rn | v. | 推翻；颠覆；倾覆 lawsuits 10 ：su： ts | n. | 诉讼；法律诉讼 conservation groups | ka： nssr' vei f n | n. | 保护 团体；环保组织 troublesome | ' trA blssm | adj. | 麻烦的；棘手的 in search of 11 n S3 ：rtf 9V | phr. | 寻找； 搜寻 remove | n mu： v | v. |移除；拿走；取消 attractants | s' traektants | n. | 诱饵；吸引物 campsites | kaempsai ts | n. | 露营地； 营地 quarters | ' kwo ： rtsrz | n. | 住所；宿舍；季度 attractant-free | traektant-fri：| adj. | 无吸引物的；不含诱饵的背景常识：灰熊The Grizzly Bear is a large carnivorous animal belonging to the Ursidae family. It is commonly found in North America, mainly in the Rocky Mountains, Alaska, and other regions of Canada and the United States. The Grizzly Bear is a massive animal, with a length of up to 2.5 meters and a weight of up to 272 kilograms. Its teeth and claws are very sharp. Its diet mainly consists of berries, nuts, bark, fish, and small mammals. The Grizzly Bear is highly respected and revered for its enormous size and ferocious personality. However, due to human destruction and hunting, the Grizzly Bear's population has gradually decreased, and it is now listed as an endangered species.灰熊(Grizzly Bear)是一种大型的食肉动物，属于熊科。常见于北美洲，主要 分布在加拿大和美国的洛矶山脉、亚拉斯加等地。灰熊是一种庞大的动物，身长 可达2.5米，体重可达272公斤，牙齿和爪子都非常锋利。其食物主要包括浆果、 坚果、树皮、鱼类和小型哺乳动物。灰熊因其巨大的体型和凶猛的性格而备受人 们关注和崇敬。然而，由于人类的破坏和猎杀，灰熊的数量逐渐减少，现在已经 列入濒危物种名单。The Grizzly Bear also has a significant place in local culture, where it is viewed as a sacred animal. For example, Native Americans appreciate and respect the Grizzly Bear, considering it a symbol of strength and wisdom. The Grizzly Bear is also a frequent subject in local legends and myths. Moreover, Grizzly Bears are a major attraction for tourists visiting North American nature reserves. For instance, Yellowstone National Park is a famous habitat and observation site for Grizzly Bears, attracting visitors from around the world to witness these magnificent creatures.灰熊在当地文化中也有着重要的地位，被视为神圣的动物。例如，美国原住民欣 赏和尊重灰熊，并将其视为力量和智慧的象征。灰熊也经常出现在当地的传说和 神话中。此外，灰熊也是游客们参观北美洲自然保护区的主要目的之一。例如， 黄石国家公园就是一个著名的灰熊栖息地和观赏地，吸引着世界各地的游客前来 观赏这种壮观的动物。However, human activities and destruction are causing a severe threat to the Grizzly Bear's population. Human destruction includes deforestation, mining, and oil and gas development, which lead to the loss of the Grizzly Bear's habitat and food sources. Additionally, illegal hunting and killing by humans pose a significant threat to the Grizzly Bear's survival. Therefore, protecting the Grizzly Bear and its habitat has become an essential task in safeguarding biodiversity and ecological balance. Establishing natural reserves, implementing reasonable hunting policies, and conducting educational campaigns can effectively protect Grizzly Bears and their habitats, ensuring their continued propagation in the future.然而，由于人类的活动和破坏，灰熊的数量正在不断减少，面临着严重的威胁。 人类的破坏包括森林砍伐、矿业和油气开发等，这些活动导致了灰熊的栖息地和 食物来源的丧失。此外，人类的非法狩猎和捕杀也对灰熊的生存造成了严重的威 胁。因此，保护灰熊和其栖息地已经成为保护生物多样性和生态平衡的重要任务 之一。通过建立自然保护区、采取合理的狩猎政策以及开展教育宣传活动，可以 有效地保护灰熊和其栖息地，确保其在未来能够继续繁衍生息。Aside from human destruction and threats, Grizzly Bears are also facing the impact of climate change. Global warming and climate change have resulted in weather changes and increased extreme weather events, which can affect the Grizzly Bear's survival and reproduction. For example, climate change may lead to changes in food sources, making it difficult for Grizzly Bears to obtain enough food. Furthermore, climate change may lead to changes in the Grizzly Bear's habitat and distribution range, which may further reduce their population. Therefore, action should be taken to mitigate the impact of climate change, protecting Grizzly Bears and other wildlife.除了人类的破坏和威胁，灰熊还面临着气候变化的影响。全球变暖和气候变化导 致了天气的变化和极端天气事件的增加，这些因素都会影响到灰熊的生存和繁 衍。例如，气候变化可能导致食物来源的变化，使得灰熊难以获得足够的食物。 另外，气候变化也可能导致灰熊的栖息地和分布范围的变化，可能会使得灰熊的 数量进一步减少。因此，应该采取行动减缓气候变化的影响，以保护灰熊和其它 野生动物。In conclusion, the Grizzly Bear is an important species that plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and protecting biodiversity. We should take action to protect the Grizzly Bear and its habitat, ensuring its continued existence and significant ecological role in the future.总之，灰熊作为一个重要的物种，对于维护生态平衡和保护生物多样性具有重要 意义。我们应该采取行动保护灰熊和其栖息地，以确保其在未来能够继续存在并 发挥其重要的生态作用。this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of.大约13岁时，我一位叔叔给了我一本苏菲的世界，它里面充满了新奇的思 想，整个暑假我脑子里都在琢磨这本书。它向我打开了哲学世界的大门。到上大学之前，我一直热爱哲学。在大学里我遇到一群自认为非常懂米歇尔福柯（Michel Foucault,法国哲学家）， 让鲍德里亚（Jean Baudrmard,法国哲学家），或者中国孔子的人，他们一个劲 儿地向你“传授”和卖弄。这几乎扰乱扼杀了我对哲学的热情。但是Eric的苏格拉底哲学特快又再次唤醒了我对哲学的热爱：它不是一味 地“解释说明”，它是一份让你思考和体会哲学的“邀请函”。作者把每一个章节都设定在城市之间的一场火车旅行，每一场旅行揉进某一位哲 学家的某个思想和行为，而这正好有助于我们在某件事情上做得更好。最终我们 就像经历了一场苏格拉底一样的思索，梭罗一样的观察，叔本华一样的聆听，并 且像尼采一样没有遗憾。这，不仅仅是一本帮助理解哲学的书，更像是一本使用 哲学完善生活的自然而然的指导。他使得哲学思考成为有吸引力的练习，在这个过程中提高生活体验的质量，而且 他的字里行间充满了幽默。在每段旅途中，Eric都自行进入一场与历史上最重要 的哲学家的对话，并且通过解读他们的思想和增加自己的理解成为那个群组中的 一员。它是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它用清晰简洁的风格吸引读者，然后再把他们推逐步 推向对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层思考。他的这份“邀请函”很明确：他请你端起一杯咖啡或者茶，坐下来，阅读这本书。我鼓励你接受他的邀请。它值得你的时间，尽管我们向来缺少时间。8 .Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?A.Foucault. B. Eric Weiner.C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher.9 .Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?A.To compare Weiner with them.B. To give examples of great works.C.To praise their writing skills.D. To help readers understand Weiners book.10 .What does the author like about The Socrates Express?A.Its views on history are well-presented.B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life.C.It includes comments from readers.D. It leaves an open ending.11 .What does the author think of Weiners book?A.Objective and plain.B. Daring and ambitious.C. Serious and hard to follow.D. Humorous and straightforward.C篇是一篇书评，作者通过自身的阅读体验向读者推荐Eric Weiner的The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers 书。 此书不 仅让作者重新燃起了对哲学的热爱，同时也让作者以一种愉快、直接的方式理解 哲学并将其应用到日常生活中。8-11 CDBD8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder9s Sophie为 World.（我大约 13 岁的时候，一个叔叔给 了 我 一本乔斯坦加德尔的苏菲的世界户可知，是乔斯坦加德尔为作者打开了哲 学的大门。故选C。9题详解推理判断题。在第四段，作者列出了一系列伟大的哲学家，并阐 述了他们的作品如何帮助我们做得更好，这是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书是 如何通过使用哲学来改善生活的。因此,，选D。10题详解】细节理解题。文章中提到，“这本书的最终结果是，我们学会了 像苏格拉底那样去思考，像梭罗那样去观察，像叔本华那样去倾听，像尼采那样 无悔。这本书的理念可以应用到日常生活中。因此选B。【11题详解】 情感态度题。根据文章最后一段“he does so with plenty of humor.（他以足够的幽默感去做这件事广，可推断出作者认为Weiner的书充满了幽默感。 再根据第五段“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity,）作者对Weiner的书有直接且积极的评价。所以选D。文 本基本结构部分内容概述卜键细节引作者在13岁时接触到了哲学，一个叔叔给了作者一本Jostein Gaarder的苏菲 言,对其产生了浓厚的兴趣。的世界，该书充满了新的观点，让作者步入 | 了哲学世界。中大学生活的经历暂时熄灭了该书并非对哲学的解释，而是一种思考和体验 间卜者对哲学的热爱，然而Eric哲学的邀请。作者以轻松幽默的方式使哲学思 部Weiner的 The Socrates想成为了一种提升生活体验质量的吸引人的实分 Express: In Search of Life 践。Lessons from DeadPhilosophers）重新点燃了她的|热情。|结The Socrates Express是一|这本书不仅是关于理解哲学的书，更是关于如 尾本引人入胜的书，它以其表面何学习使用哲学来提升生活的书。作者强烈建 部的简单性吸引读者，然后逐渐议读者接受Weiner的邀请，花时间阅读这本书， 分引导他们深入思考欲望、孤独即使时间是我们所欠缺的。|和衰老等问题。重点词汇及生词：单词词性音标中文释义philosophyn./fl ' losfi/哲学invitationn./, I nvi ' tel J an/邀请experiencev. / n./i k' spi arisns/经历，体验contextn./' kD ntekst/上下文regretn. / v./n ' gret/遗憾；后悔humor (humour)/n./v./' hju:ma(r)/.幽默conversation/nJ/, kD nvsr' sei f (a)n/.对话；会话decodeNJ/di:kou d/.译解，理解（外文）;解码interpretation/n./I n,tsrprs'tef (s)n/.解读loneliness/n./（孤彻aging (ageing)V.变老apparentAdj.明显的，表面上的simplicityn,简单，简约pull in/phr./pu 11 n/吸引，吸引住worthadj.值得的2023全国甲卷英语阅读D篇Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted comer of the American psyche - we revere (敬畏)them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.灰熊有时会长到约2.5米长，重达400公斤，占据了美国人心灵的冲突角落一一 我们敬畏它们，但它们也给我们带来了噩梦。当问到从世界各地涌入黄石国家公 园的游客最希望看到什么时，他们的答案往往是相同的：灰熊。“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range J says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.“灰熊正在重新占据它们曾经的大片领地，”熊类生物学家Chris Servheen说。 随着灰熊扩展活动范围到一个多世纪以来没有被人类见到的地方，它们越来越被 人类所看到。The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.欧洲人来到美国西部时，那里满是灰熊，与当地的印第安人共存，数量约为5 万只或更多。经过几个世纪不断的残忍狩猎，到了 20世纪70年代初，只有600 到800只灰熊存活在北落基山脉的2%左右的领地中。1975年，灰熊被列入濒危 物种名单。Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.今天，美国约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类 和野生动物局两次试图撤销灰熊的保护等级，放宽法律保护并允许猎杀。但两次 尝试都因保护团体的诉讼而被推翻。目前，灰熊仍然被列为保护动物。Obviously, if precautions （预防）aren't taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. "Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits J says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊可能会变得麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物或在寻 找食物时穿过院子。如果人们将食物和诱饵从院子和营地中移除，灰熊通常会毫 无问题地经过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物住所周围设置电网围栏也非常有效，可以 让灰熊远离。詹姆斯琼克尔是长期管理密苏拉地区灰熊的生物学家，他说：“我 们希望有一个干净的、没有诱饵的地方，灰熊可以毫无问题地通过，不学坏习惯。”篇章结构分析：Paragraph 1: Introduces the characteristics of grizzly bears and the reverence and fear people have towards them, as well as the animals that tourists most hope to see in Yellowstone National Park.Paragraphs 2 and 3: Describe the historical decrease in grizzly bear populations, as well as the current recovery of their numbers. It also mentions the situation where grizzly bears were listed as an endangered species.Paragraph 4: Introduces the current status of grizzly bear protection, as well as the overturning of attempts to relax protective laws. It also emphasizes the importance of preventative measures, such as removing food and attractants, and setting up electric fences.Paragraph 5: Through the words of biologist James Jonkel, it emphasizes that people should help grizzly bears maintain good behavior habits and avoid learning bad ones.答案解析:52. How do Americans look at grizzlies?A. They cause mixed feelings in people.B. They should be kept in national parks.C. They are of high scientific value.D. They are a symbol of American culture.选 A。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams.（灰熊在美 国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也 敬畏它们）“可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故 选A项。53 . What has helped the increase of the grizzly population?A. The European settlers' behavior.B. The expansion of bears' range.C. The protection by law since 1975.D. The support of Native Americans.选C。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. （1975年，灰熊被列入濒危物种法广可推知，由于1975 年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。54. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies?A. The opposition of conservation groups.B. The successful comeback of grizzlies.C. The voice of the biologists.D. The local farmers9 advocates.选 A。细节理解题。根据第四段中“Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.（美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允 许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。）“可知，是环保 组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。 故选A项。55. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Food should be provided for grizzlies.B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies.C. A special path should be built for grizzlies.D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.选 B。推力判断题。根据最后一段中 “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits J says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.（我们希望有一个干 净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，）”可推知，灰熊数量增 长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。 故选B项。词汇学习weigh | wei | v. |称重;权衡;考虑occupy | ' a： kjupal | v. | 占据；居住；从事conflicted | kan' fli kti d | adj. | 内心矛盾的；不确定的psyche | ' sal ki | n. | 心理；精神；灵魂revere | ri vi r | v. | 尊敬；崇拜flood into | flA d | v. |涌入;大量涌入re-occupy | ri： a: kju pal |