八年级英语下学期开学考试（南京专用）-八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（牛津译林版）.docx

2022-2023学年下学期八年级开学考试（南京专用）英语注意事项：1 .全卷满分90分.考试时间为90分钟.试题包含选择题和非选择题.考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本 试卷上无效.2 .请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合,再将自己的姓名、 考试证号用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上.3 .答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答 案.答非选择题必须用05毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置,在其他位置答题一律无效.选择题（共40分）一、单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.1. 一It is too cold. May I close the window?. Please do as you like.A. Good idea B. Go aheadC. I don' t think so D. No way2. 一 I still can, t understand. Would you please explain to me again, Mr. Green?一 No problem. Listen to me carefully.A. mainlyB. nearlyC. clearlyD. quickly3. What' s the noise on the river bank?一People are shouting excitedly they see some finless porpoises jumping out of the water.A. whenB. beforeC. ifD. until4. During this years shopping festival, there are fewer shoppers. More people like to shop in a clever way.D. excitingA. tiredB. crazyC. awful5. 一Andrew, you, ve made fewer mistakes than before.一Thank you, sir. I' 11 do my homeworknext time.A. carefulB. carefullyC. more careful D. more carefully6. 一Look out of the window! The white ground goes well with the blue sky.一Come on! What a perfect time !habit to 58 during breakfast or lunch time.Always 59 a bookMake sure a book always stays with you wherever you go.Find a quiet placeFind a place at home with a 60 chair and without televisions,61 , music or noisy people around you.Have a 62 dayIt is a very cheap way to read good books in the library. Go on a trip to the library every 63 .Blog itIt 64 no money to create a blog. Your friends and family can share your ideas and 65 you with some suggestions online.B）请根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,并将答案填写在答题卡相应位置上.Holmes and I walked slowly across the moor （荒野）. In the evening sunlight the autumn c 66 on the hills were beautiful-reds and browns and yellows.But Holmes saw nothing of that. So, Watson, “ he said, let' s forget John Straker for a minute, and think about the h 67 Let, s say that Silver Blaze runs away after the killing. Here he is, out on the cold wet moor. What does he do next?”“He looks for a nice w 68 stable （马厩），“ I said, “with food and water. ”“Right, Watson. He did not go back to King' s Pyland, we know that, but there is a 69 stable not far away, at Capleton. M 70 he went there. And the way to Capleton is down this hill. Let' s go!”We walked quickly down the hill, and at the foot we found a small r 71 and some very wet ground.“Wonderful, “ said Holmes. wanted mud, and here it is. You f 72 the left side of the river, we' re looking for the tracks （足迹）of horseshoes. ”We found t 73 after only fifty metres. Holmes took the horseshoe out of his pocket and put it next to the tracks. Yes, that' s Silver Blaze, there are no q 74 about it. ”We followed the tracks easily, then lost them for a time, but f 75 them again two hundred metres from the Capleton stables.“Here they are, “ I cried. "And look一there? s another track here, of a man' s shoe. ” 六、书面表达（满分15分）76.近年来,长江中一些珍稀鱼种濒临灭绝，因此政府宣布从2020年1月1日起实施长江十年禁渔计 划.作为学校英语俱乐部成员，请你根据下列表格提示给全校同学写一封倡议书，号召大家一起行动，保护长江.Problemsfewer and fewer fish;in dangerCauses （原因）pollution （. 污染）;too much fishingActionsstop catching fish,注意：1.要点齐全,适当发挥,语言通顺,意思连贯,条理清楚,书写规范.2 .词数80左右.开头和结尾已给此不计入总词数.3 .文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等.Dear classmates, In the past, many fish lived in the Yangtze River, but things are different now.Yours sincerely,Li Hua参考答案:1. B【详解】句意：一一天太冷了.我能关一下窗户吗?一一去吧.按你喜欢的做.考查情景交际.Good idea好主意;Go ahead去吧；I don' t think so我认为不是这样;No way没门.根据 “Please do as you like. ”可知回答者鼓励对方去做.故选B.2. C【详解】句意：一一我仍然不能清楚地明白.格林先生，你能再给我解释一下吗?一一没问题,认真听我讲.考查副词辨析.mainly主要地；nearly几乎；clearly清楚地；quickly迅速地.根据Would you please explain to me again, Mr. Green?”可知，我”没能清楚明白格林先生讲的事情.故选没3. A【详解】句意：一一河岸上是什么声音?一一当人们看到一些江豚从水里跳出来时，他们兴奋地大叫.考查连词辨析.when当时候，引导时间状语从句;before在之前，引导时间状语从句；if如果, 引导条件状语从句；until直到，引导时间状语从句;根据"What' s the noise on the river bank”可 知此处指当人们看到一些江豚从水里跳出来时发出的声音”.故选A.4.B【详解】句意：今年购物节疯狂的顾客更少了.更多人喜欢用聪明的方式去购物.考查形容词辨析.tired累的；crazy疯狂的；awful可怕的；exciting令人兴奋的.根据More people like to shop in a clever way”可知，更多人喜欢用聪明的方式去购物，因此是少了疯狂的顾客.故选B.5. D【详解】句意：一一安德鲁，你犯的错误比以前少了.一一谢谢你，先生.下次我会更仔细地做作业.考查副词比较级.careful小心的”，是形容词，carefully小心地”，是副词，根据上文you' ve made fewer mistakes than before. 可知，下文应该是下次我会更仔细地做作业.”此处用比较级，carefully 的比较级是more carefully,故选D.6. C【详解】句意：一一看窗外！白色的地面和蓝天很配.快来!多好的打雪仗时间呀！考查动词短语辨析.to fly a kite放风筝；to go swimming去游泳；to have a snowball fight打雪仗；to climb the mountain 爬山.根据"The white ground goes well with the blue sky. ” 可知,在雪天的时候 大地是白色的，因此此处指去打雪仗符合语境.故选C.7. B【详解】句意：一一妈妈，我的眼睛有什么毛病吗?一一幸运的是，没什么大不了的，但是一定要遵循医生的 指示.考查名词辨析. applications 申请；instructions 指示；directions 方向；introductions 介绍；根据 is there anything wrong with my eyes” 和follow the doctor? s” 可知此处指“遵循医生的指示”.故选 B.8. A【详解】句意：在接种疫苗之前，南京所有的学校都做了很多工作.因此，学生们没有等很长时间.考查插入语.As a result因此An fact实际上；Otherwise否则；Moreover此外；根据"students didn' t wait for a long time”指事情的结果，可知用as a result.故选A.9. C【详解】句意：我们应该感谢大自然，因为它几乎为我们提供了我们所需要的一切.考查动词辨析.prevents阻止；protects保护；provides提供；prepares准备.结合nature”和 ，z. . everything we need.”可知,大自然应是提供给了我们所需要的一切,provide sb. with sth. 为某 人提供某物”.故选C.10. B【详解】句意：北京将是第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市.考查非谓语动词.hold“举行"，是动词，此处是动词不定式作后置定语，to hold both summer and winter Olympic Games.在这里修饰city,故选B.11. D【详解】句意：一一简，我昨天晚上六点去看你,但是你不在.一一哦，我当时在学校做作业.考查动词时态,根据at six yesterday evening”可知，昨晚六点简正在学校做作业，应用过去进行时.故 选D.12. D【详解】句意:下面哪个句子和"Snow makes children feel excited. 句子结构相同.考查句子结构. The ground becomes white,主+系+表结构；Children play a snowball fight.主+谓+宾结 构；Snow brings children lots of fun.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语结构；You can see children running in the sun.主+谓+宾+宾补+状语结构.分析Snow makes children feel excited. v可知，句子是主+谓+ 宾+宾补结构.故选D.13. D【分析】本首诗歌叙述春夏季节的更替及春夏季节的自然景象.【详解】根据季节可知第一句为d春天一年只有一次"；接下来描述春天的景象b鸟儿大声歌唱,让大家 都能听到”；再写季节的转换a夏天快到了”；最后描述即将到来的夏天的景象c阳光普照，可爱的花朵 茁壮成长”.故选D.14. C【详解】句意：这里春天变化无常的天气就像一张婴儿的脸：一会儿哭，一会儿充满阳光;有时伤心，有时 大笑."句子中哪个词有不同的构词方式？考查单词的构词法.changeable可变的，是由名词change加形容词后缀able构成的形容词；tearful哭泣 的，是由名词tear加形容词后缀ful构成的形容词；sunshine阳光，是合成词，是由sun和shine合 成；laughter笑声，是由动词laugh加名词后缀ter构成的名词.故sunshine跟其他三个词由不同的构词方 式.故选C.15. A【详解】句意：文字说如果天气变好露丝会去海边.考查情景交际.根据“We' re studying in the mountains longer than we expected because of storms on the coast. We' 11 go to the coast before returning home if the weather improves. ” 可矢口，我 们在山里学习的时间比预期的要长因为海岸上有风暴.如果天气好转,我们先去海边,然后再回家.故选A.19. C 20. A 21. C 22. B16. C17. B18. A23. D24. D25. A【分析】本文讲述的是一个没有四肢的人尼克的故事.他从小就被同学取笑,没有朋友，但是他勇敢的面对 了这一切，他学会用脚趾打字,上网，打高尔夫等等.大学时候他很成功，学习一流.现在他成了世界上著名 的演说家，告诉人们,过充实的生活是要看你拥有什么，而不是你失去了什么.他说,如果我哪怕只鼓励了一 个人,那我这一生的任务也是完成了.16. laugh大笑，嘲笑;B. cry哭泣;C.smile微笑;D. shout大喊.Simle at sb.朝某人微笑.你可以像尼克一 样在镜子前朝着自己微笑吗?故选C.17. old 老的；B. easy 容易的；C. modern 现代的;D. difficult 困难的.Nick was born without limbs, so life was not for him.尼克生来就没有四肢，所以生活对他来说不是容易的.故选B.18. because因为;B.if如果;C.until直到;D.but但是.根据上下文,在学校很多学生嘲笑他,是因为他看 起来和别人不一样.后面提出原因.故选A.19. excited 兴奋的；B. relaxed 放松的;C. lonely 孤单的;D. surprised 惊讶的.He was refused to be their friends, so he always felt.别人拒绝和他做朋友，所以他是感到孤独.本题选C.20. even甚至;B. ever曾经;C.probably大概;D.never从不.当他六岁的时候，他学会了用脚趾打字和写字, 后文用and引出表并列，他甚至可以上网和打高尔夫.故选A.21. . to encourage others to work hard for their dreams.去鼓励其他人努力实现自己的梦想.这是 他决定做的事的内容,故选what.故选C.22. A. doctors医生；B.speakers演讲家；C.scientists科学家；D.engineers工程师,根据下一句He travels to many countries and gives speeches about his story.他游遍许多国家并且演讲他的故 事可见他成为了一名演讲家.故选B.23. at 在上；B. for 为了 ;C. beyond 在之外；D. against 反对，对抗.against difficulty 战胜困难.故选D.24. “Living life fully is about looking at what you have, not what you, ” 过充实的认 识是看你拥有什么，而不是你失去了什么.lose表示失去.故选D.25. I tell people to keep on getting up when they在人们的时候我会告诉人们站起来继续前行,故判断是人们跌倒的时候,用fall.故选A.本文讲述的是一个没有四肢的人尼克的故事.他从小就被同学取笑,没有朋友，但是他勇敢的面对了这一切, 他学会用脚趾打字,上网，打高尔夫等等.大学时候他很成功，学习一流.现在他成了世界上著名的演说家， 告诉人们,过充实的生活是要看你拥有什么，而不是你失去了什么.他说,如果我哪怕只鼓励了一个人,那我 这一生的任务也是完成了.26. A 27. D 28. A【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了沉船事件,介绍了发生的时间;船重;发生的原因;死亡人数;失事地点等.26 .细节理解题.根据表格中TITANICWeight 47, 071 tons”可知,TITANIC是最重的，故选A.27 .细节理解题.根据表格中MARY ROSE A strong gust of wind, or possibly a heavy French cannon ball（加农炮），tipped the Mary Rose over into the water. 可知,也许是法国炮弹把她打翻了，故选 D.28 .推理判断题.根据最后一个表格中Wreck site 4 kilometers under the sea on the south-east of Newfoundland, Canada. ;24 meters down just off Peter Island in the Caribbean. ; 12 meters below the Solent, England. ;90 meters below the sea level off the Old Head of Kinsale in Ireland. ” 可知,我们知道四艘沉船的位置.故选A.29. C30. D31. C【分析】本篇诗歌从地球母亲的角度告诫人们要节约资源和爱护地球环境.29 .推理判断题.根据第诗节中I spin and turn all year round the orbit, To give you all the seasons and climate."可知，地球母亲一年到头不停地绕着轨道旋转就是为了送给人们四季和气候，由此可知地球 母亲应是一个慷慨的人.故选C.30 .推理判断题.通读第三诗节可知，本节主要讲述了人类的所作所为使得地球母亲不堪重负，所以从本节 我们应该能想象出一个生病的”地球.故选D.31 .词句猜测题.结合第二、三诗节和第四诗节中I give you all I have, until my end”可知，尽管 人类给地球母亲制造了很多麻烦”，地球母亲仍然给予人类她所拥有的东西，由此可推知地球母亲应是 忍受” 了人类制造的麻烦”，所以stand”在此应是忍受”的意思，选项C妈妈不能忍受那个吵闹的男 孩”与此划线单词意思类似.故选C.32 . A 33. B 34. C 35. C【分析】试题分析：这篇短文讲述的是DIY,即do it yourself.英国人喜欢DIY,他们经常自己制作一些东 西来使自己的家变得更漂亮,但是DIY很难,有时候也很危险的,我们在自己制作东西的时候还要注意安全. 32.主旨大意题,这篇文章的关键词就是DIY,即自己制作一些东西来使自己的家变得更漂亮，跟旅行、拜访 朋友和赚钱没有关系.故选A.33 .细节理解题.根据文章第二段的描述我们可以知道英国人喜欢DIY,不仅是它可以省钱,更重要的是DIY 给他们的生活带来了乐趣,他们喜欢DIY,也会和朋友们分享经验.故选B.34 .推理判断题.根据文章第四段的内容可知,DIY有时候是很危险的,在英国一年有230, 000的人们在做 DTY的时候受伤,所以在做DIY的时候我们一定要小心.故选C.35 .词义猜测题.这里是在告诉我们DIY有时候并不像我们想象的那样简单，我们一定要小心，并且不要去 做一些太专业,太难的事情.故选C.36 . D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. A【分析】本文主要列举了一些异常天气的事例.37 .细节理解题,根据"Scientists believe the tornado passed over the lake, lifted the frogs into the air, and then dropped them in a remote Serbia town. ”可知，科学家们认为龙卷风经过湖泊，把 青蛙们带到了空中，然后把它们扔到了遥远的塞尔维亚小镇.故选D.38 .推理判断题.根据This tornado can become 15 metres wide and grow as tall as a 40-story building."可知,这场龙卷风有15米宽，有40层建筑物那么高,这样是很危险的，由此推断,This makes them very dangerous. v这句应该放在第三段末，说明这场龙卷风的危险性.故选C.39 .细节理解题,根据"The blocks of ice grew bigger and bigger and turned into hail, until the wind couldn' t lift them and the hail fell to the ground”可知，小的冰雹在风中运动，变得越来 越大,直到风托不住时就会掉在地上.故选A.40 .细节理解题,根据"Unlucky people at Lake Roopkund had nowhere to run away, so they were all killed by the hailstones."可知,鲁普孔德湖的不幸的人们无处可逃，所以他们都被冰雹砸死了.故选D.41 . 最佳标题题.根据“Strange rain ： Tornadoes (strong windstorms moving in a circle) of Fire： Great Balls of Ice：”和全文内容可知，本文主要列举了一些异常天气的事例.故选A.42 . danger【详解】句意：小孩子们没有意识到在街上玩耍的危险.结合空前the可知空格处需要填一个名词，危险” 的名词形式为"danger"，“the danger of”意为的危险”.故填danger.43 . easily【详解】句意：一一加油约翰,你仍旧有很多工作要做.一一没关系.到今晚八点我能很容易地完成它.由句 意和语境猜测，容易地,是副词，修饰动词finish, easy是形容词,辅音字母加y结尾变副词,要把y变成i, 再加ly.故填easily.44 . government【详解】句意：到2025年，中国政府将在全国建1000个体育公园.government表示政府”，题干指中国政 府，因此填单数形式.故填government.45 . fisherman【详解】句意：渔夫费了很大劲才把小船拉到礁石附近.fisherman表示渔民”，根据 his”可知,应填单 数形式.故填fisherman.46 . asleep【详解】句意：我爷爷越来越老了，他总是在看电视时睡着.asleep睡着的"，fall asleep睡着”，故填 asleep.47 . take【详解】句意：今天很热.你徒步旅行时最好比平常多带水.had better do sth.最好做某事,是固定搭配. 结合单词提示,可知用动词原形take,故填take.48 . tourists'【详解】句意：作为导游,在旅游时你必须保管好所有游客的身份证.tour旅游,名词；设空处修饰ID cards" 身份证”，可知是游客们的身份证,需用名词所有格；由all可知tourist游客”用其复数tourists,故填tourists'49 . more clearly【详解】句意：这副新望远镜将帮助你比以前更清楚地看鸟类.根据than”可知,两者比较,且修饰动词see, 用副词 clearly 的比较级 more clearly.故填 more clearly.50 . noisy【详解】句意：大多数孩子喜欢冬天.他们在下雪的日子里又快乐又喧闹.noise噪音,名词;and连接并列 成分,根据形容词happy快乐的”可知填形容词noisy吵闹的”.故填noisy.51 . to show【详解】句意：在教师节，许多学生画卡片来表达对老师的爱.show展示,表达,动词;分析句子可知，此处使 用动词不定式表示1的，to后跟动词原形.故填to show.52 . putting up52. British53. am crazy about54. support55. can' twait【导语】本文是Daniel和Jimmy的对话.Jimmy正在贴一张篮球比赛的海报,和Daniel讨论哪个队会赢.53 .句意：我正在把一张篮球比赛的海报贴到墙上.根据what are you doing, Jimmy?”可知，此处回答 应用现在进行时，来表示正在做的事情，结合a poster about a basketball game on the wall”可知，此 处说的是正在张贴海报.备选词汇putting up张贴”符合语境.故填putting up.54 .句意：英国学校和美国学校之间有一场重要的比赛.根据school and American school可知，此处 应用形容词修饰名词school,备选词汇British英国的"符合语境.故填British.55 .句意:我对打篮球非常着迷.根据That' s a good idea. Iplaying basketball. 可知备选词汇 am crazy about着迷，痴迷”符合语境，说明对打篮球非常着迷.故填am crazy about.56 .句意：我不确定，但我选择支持美国队.根据"They are very hard-working*-!?11 cheer for the American team, too.”可知，这里应该是说要选择支持美国队，备选词汇support支持”符合语境.故填 support.57 .句意：我都等不及要看这场激动人心的比赛了.根据Let' s go together."可知说明要迫不及待去 看球赛.备选词汇can' t wait迫不及待”符合语境.故填can' t wait.58 . habit57 . hour58. read59. carry/take60. comfortable61. computers62. library63. week64. needs/costs65. provideA. to fly a kiteB. to go swimmingC. to have a snowball fightD. to climb the mountain7. 一Mum, is there anything wrong with my eyes?一Luckily, nothing serious, but make sure you follow the doctor' s .A. applications B. instructions C. directions D. introductions8. All the schools in Nanjing did a lot before the vaccination（疫苗接种）., students didn' t wait for a long time.A. As a result B. In factC. OtherwiseD. Moreover9. We should be thankful to nature because it us with almost everything we need.A. preventsB. protectsC. provi desD. prepares10. Beijing will be the first city both summer and winter Olympic Games.A. will holdB. to holdC. holdingD. holds11. 一Jane, I went to see you at six yesterday evening, but you weren' t in.一Oh, I my homework at school.A. doB. didC. am doingD. was doing12. Which of the following has the same sentence structure as "Snow makes children feel excited.”A. The ground becomes white.B. Children play a snowball fight.C. Snow brings children lots of fun. D. You can see children running in the sun.13. The order of the poem should be .a. Summer soon will arriveb. The birds sing loudly for all to hearc. The sun shines down and lovely flowers thrived. Spring comes only once a yearA. a-c-d-bB. b-d-c-aC. c-a-b-dD. d-b-a-c14. “The changeable weather here in spring is like a baby' s face： one moment it is tearful, another moment it is full of sunshine; sometimes sad and sometimes full of laughter. " Which word in the sentence has a different way of creating a new word?A. changeable B. tearfulC. sunshineD. laughter15. The text says that if the weather gets better.Dear Mum, We? re studying in the mountains longer than we expected because of storms on the coast. We' 11 go to the coast before returning home if the weather improves.【分析】试题分析：一本好书可以教你超越课堂的东西.可以开阔你的眼界、清醒你的头脑,怎样养成好的阅读习惯?本文提了一系列的建议：计划好你的时间；随身带一本书;找一个安静的地方;在图书馆度过一天;把读的东西发在博客上等等.56 .句意：一些养成好的阅读习惯的方式.由第一段最后一句：If you want to get into a good reading habit, there are a number of ways to develop it,可知本文讲的是养成阅读习惯的方式，故填：habit.57 .句意：你应该每天至少读半小时.根据要点一的第一句：You should give yourself at least thirty minutes in all for reading every day,可知每天至少要读 30 分钟,30 minutes二half" an hour.故填： hour.58 .句意：养成一个在早餐或午餐时读书的习惯.根据要点一的最后一句For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast or lunch time,例如，养成在早餐或午餐时阅读的习惯.可知这里填:read.59 .句意：根据要点二的标题：Always carry a book可知这里填：carry/take.60 .句意：找一个有一把舒适的椅子,没有电视、电脑、音乐或吵闹的人群的地方.根据文中的：Find a place in your home wher