高三一轮复习专题六 非谓语动词讲解与练习中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考.pdf

学习必备 欢迎下载 第 1 页 专题六 非谓语动词 考点聚焦 一、非谓语动词的形式及其意义 表目的 不定式 表将来 表主动 V-ing形式 表进行 表完成 V-ed形式 表被动 二、非谓语动词的分类 常见的非谓语动词 a.有自己独立的主语，与主句的主语不同 独立主格的非谓语动词 b.独立主格结构中作主语的名词或代词与后面的非谓语存在主谓或动宾关系（有独立主语，作状语）C.独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开 Eg:Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.Founded in the early 20th centaury,the school keeps on inspiring children s love of art.With so much homework to do,Tom looks sad.The students seating themselves,the professor began his lecture.独立主格结构 Her glasses broken,she couldn t see the road clearly.三、非谓语动词做题步骤：（坚持四看）1、看逻辑主语 2、看关系（主动还是被动）非谓语动词 形式 意义 不定式 一般式：to do/to be done 将做.;.将要被做 进行式：to be doing 将来正在做.否定式：not to do V-ing形式 一般式：doing being done 主动关系；与谓语同时发生 被动关系；与谓语同事发生 完成式：having done having been done 主动关系；先于谓语动词发生 被动关系；先于谓语动词发生 否定式：not doing V-ed形式 否定式：not done 学习必备 欢迎下载 第 2 页 3、看搭配（动词或特殊词与 to do/doing连用）4、看非谓语动词与主句谓语的先后关系 四、非谓语动词的句法功能 形式 成分 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 动名词 分词 五、非谓语动词常见考点 1、不定式、动名词做主语（都可用 it 作形式主语）Eg:To study and work hard is our duty.It s our duty to study and work hard.It is a great honor to be invited to speak here.Playing the piano is my hobby.It s no good telling him the news.2、不定式、动名词做宾语（看搭配）1）只能用不定式做宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：decide/determine,learn,want,hope/wish/expect;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help Eg:She pretend not _(see)me when I passed by.We agreed _(meet)here but so far she hasn t turned up.用 it 作形式主语，代替动名词做主语的常见句型：1）It is no good/use doing.2）It is useful/useless doing.3）It is a waste of time doing.决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。此外，afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语.行表完成形式表被动非谓语动词形式意义不定式形式一般式将做将要被做进行式将来正在做否定式一般式完成式否定式形式否定式主动关系与谓语同时发生被动关系与谓语同事发生主动关系先于谓语动词发生被动关系先于谓语动词结构中作主语的名词或代词与后面的非谓语存在主谓或动宾关系有独立主语作状语独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开独立主格结构三非谓语动词做题步骤坚持四看看逻辑主语看关系主动还是被动第页看搭配动词或特殊词与连用学语不定式动名词分词五非谓语动词常见考点不定式动名词做主语都可用作形式主语不定式动名词做宾语看搭配用作形式主语代替动名词做主语的常见句型只能用不定式做宾语请牢记下面的口诀决心学会想希望拒绝设法愿假装主动答学习必备 欢迎下载 第 3 页 I can t afford _(take)a holiday this summer because of the project.2）只能用动名词作宾语的，请牢记下面的口诀：consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy;avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;can t help,mind,allow/permit,escape.Eg:Do you feel like _(go)out for a walk?I would appreciate your _(call)back this afternoon.I can hardly imagine Peter _(sail)across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.3）以下动词及词组既可跟不定式，也可以跟动名词作宾语，要特别注意其意义上的区别。to do 记得/忘记要去做某事 to do 努力做某事 remember/forget try doing 记得/忘记做过某事 doing 尝试做某事 to do 遗憾要去做某事 to do 停下来去做另外一件事 regret stop doing 后悔做过某事 doing 停止做某事 Eg:She didn t remember _(meet)him before.We ve always deeply regretted _ the house.I forgot _(tell)her the time of the meeting.4）跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义不大，但形式不同的动词要重点牢记：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。此外，以下动词词组也用动名词作宾语：be used to,devote to,stick to,object to,pay attention to,can t stand,give up,feel like,insist on,apologize for,be busy(in),have difficult/trouble(in),spend time(in).行表完成形式表被动非谓语动词形式意义不定式形式一般式将做将要被做进行式将来正在做否定式一般式完成式否定式形式否定式主动关系与谓语同时发生被动关系与谓语同事发生主动关系先于谓语动词发生被动关系先于谓语动词结构中作主语的名词或代词与后面的非谓语存在主谓或动宾关系有独立主语作状语独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开独立主格结构三非谓语动词做题步骤坚持四看看逻辑主语看关系主动还是被动第页看搭配动词或特殊词与连用学语不定式动名词分词五非谓语动词常见考点不定式动名词做主语都可用作形式主语不定式动名词做宾语看搭配用作形式主语代替动名词做主语的常见句型只能用不定式做宾语请牢记下面的口诀决心学会想希望拒绝设法愿假装主动答学习必备 欢迎下载 第 4 页 to be done 名词 need/require/want(需要)doing be worth sb to do sth.doing to be done be worthy 名词(表钱数或价格的名词除外)of being done to be cleaned.Eg:The window needs/requires/wants 窗户需要擦一下。Cleaning.worth visiting.This place is to be visited.worthy a visit.of 这个地方值得参观。being visited.3、不定式、分词作宾语补足语“吾看三室两厅一感觉”-5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);3 使(make,let,have);2 听(listen to,hear);1 感觉(feel).这些动词在主动语态中用省略to 的不定式作宾语补足语，被动语态中 to 还原；此外，以上动词还可以用现在分词作宾补(5+3+2+1-2+4):以上动词除了 let,make(-2)都可以用现在分词作宾补，同时 find,catch,keep,leave(+4)也可以用现在分词作宾补。Eg:I hate to see you leave so soon.Someone was heard to come up the stairs.At that time,I found him crying in the street.行表完成形式表被动非谓语动词形式意义不定式形式一般式将做将要被做进行式将来正在做否定式一般式完成式否定式形式否定式主动关系与谓语同时发生被动关系与谓语同事发生主动关系先于谓语动词发生被动关系先于谓语动词结构中作主语的名词或代词与后面的非谓语存在主谓或动宾关系有独立主语作状语独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开独立主格结构三非谓语动词做题步骤坚持四看看逻辑主语看关系主动还是被动第页看搭配动词或特殊词与连用学语不定式动名词分词五非谓语动词常见考点不定式动名词做主语都可用作形式主语不定式动名词做宾语看搭配用作形式主语代替动名词做主语的常见句型只能用不定式做宾语请牢记下面的口诀决心学会想希望拒绝设法愿假装主动答学习必备 欢迎下载 第 5 页 I m sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.He was caught stealing.4、不定式、动名词、分词作定语-（做题依据：三词六表）易错点一：当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，修饰的名词或代词是地点、工具等时，不定式需要有相应的介词 Eg:The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.但不定式修饰的名词是：time,place,way 时，不定式后边的介词习惯上省去。Eg:He had no money and no place to live(in).易错点二：修饰以下词时，通常用不定式：ability,chance,answer,attempt,reply,way,reason.Eg:I have no chance to go sightseeing.Do you have the ability to read and write in English.5、不定式、动名词、分词作表语、状语-（一律根据三词六表及非谓语做题步骤）动名词作表语：说明主语的内容或动作的名称。（主语和表语可以互换位置）现在分词作表语：说明主语的特征。（主语和表语不能互换位置）Eg:My job is teaching.(=Teaching is my job)My work is very interesting.真题演练 1.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _(return)to our shop for quality problems.2.Group activities will be organized after class _(help)children develop team spirit.3.It s quite hot today.Do you feel like _(go)for a swim?4.Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only _(find)it didn t fit.5.Clearly and thoughtful _(write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.6.The manager was satisfied to see many new products _(develop)after great effort.行表完成形式表被动非谓语动词形式意义不定式形式一般式将做将要被做进行式将来正在做否定式一般式完成式否定式形式否定式主动关系与谓语同时发生被动关系与谓语同事发生主动关系先于谓语动词发生被动关系先于谓语动词结构中作主语的名词或代词与后面的非谓语存在主谓或动宾关系有独立主语作状语独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开独立主格结构三非谓语动词做题步骤坚持四看看逻辑主语看关系主动还是被动第页看搭配动词或特殊词与连用学语不定式动名词分词五非谓语动词常见考点不定式动名词做主语都可用作形式主语不定式动名词做宾语看搭配用作形式主语代替动名词做主语的常见句型只能用不定式做宾语请牢记下面的口诀决心学会想希望拒绝设法愿假装主动答学习必备 欢迎下载 第 6 页 7._(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.8.Children,when _(accompany)by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.9.Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _(appoint)to guard her.10.While waiting for the opportunity to get _(promote),Henry did his best to perform his study.11.Today there are more airplanes _(carry)more people than ever before in the skies.12.For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _(connect).13.Last night,there are millions of people _(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.14.There are still many problems _(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.15.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without _(recognize).16._(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.17.When it comes to _(speak)in public,no one can match him.18._(spend)nearly all our money,we couldn t afford to stay at a hotel.19._(know)which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice.20.The airport _(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.21.Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives,including your own.22.When we saw the road _(block)with snow,we decide to spend the holidays at home.23.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _(reduce)to ruins,the city took on a new look.24._(know)basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.25.The witnesses _(question)by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.26.When I was little,my mother used to sit by my bed,_(tell)me stories till I fell asleep.27._(stay)warm at night,I would fill the wood-stove,then set my alarm clock for mid-nights so I could refill it.28.The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _(explore)society of real-life experience.29._(found)in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.30.The engine just wont start.Something seems _(go)wrong with it.31.I stopped the car _(take)a short break as I was feeling tired.32.You cannot accept an opinion _to you unless it is based on facts.33.I got to the office earlier that day,_(catch)the 7:30 train from Paddington.34.They might just have a place _(leave)on the writing course why don t you give it a try?35.The sunlight is white and blinding,_(throw)hard-edged shadows on the ground.行表完成形式表被动非谓语动词形式意义不定式形式一般式将做将要被做进行式将来正在做否定式一般式完成式否定式形式否定式主动关系与谓语同时发生被动关系与谓语同事发生主动关系先于谓语动词发生被动关系先于谓语动词结构中作主语的名词或代词与后面的非谓语存在主谓或动宾关系有独立主语作状语独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开独立主格结构三非谓语动词做题步骤坚持四看看逻辑主语看关系主动还是被动第页看搭配动词或特殊词与连用学语不定式动名词分词五非谓语动词常见考点不定式动名词做主语都可用作形式主语不定式动名词做宾语看搭配用作形式主语代替动名词做主语的常见句型只能用不定式做宾语请牢记下面的口诀决心学会想希望拒绝设法愿假装主动答学习必备 欢迎下载 第 7 页 单句填空 1.The visiting professor was interested in the teaching methods _(use)in the classroom.2._(compete)more effectively with others,more and more people equip themselves with a higher education.3.The policeman kept their eyes _(fix)on the screen of the computer to identify the criminal s footprints.4.If the building project _(complete)by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.5.With our country entering an aging society,_(delay)the retirement age is probably unavoidable.6.They regard it as their duty _(provide)the best service to the customers.7._(import)from other countries,sand painting is now being recognized in China for its uniqueness and creativity.8.I ve love to watch the specially _(train)dogs that can act as guides to the blind.9.To be honest,no speech _(make)so far has had the same effect on me as this one.10.He lost his computer while traveling,_(give)away all his secret photos.11.The younger singer is beginning _(come)into notice trough the Voice of China.12.I passed by Joan quickly without greeting her,_(pretend)not to see her.13.Father works not only to get _(pay),but also because he enjoy it.14._(show)around the science lab,we were taken to see the newly built library.15.It is _(meet)the customers needs that has made chain stores so popular in big cities in China.16.My mother wrote a letter,_(express)her thanks for his kindness.17.Although _(warn)of danger,tourists can t help taking photos at the dangerous place.18.The English speaking contest,_(start)at 9:00 am last Friday,was followed by an award ceremony.19._(complete)in 2019,the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway has enjoyed a great success.20.Dear classmates,isn t it time that we got down to _(prepare)for the coming exams?21.I can t stand _(share)a room with Jane.She just refuses _(stop)making noise.22.-English has a large vocabulary,hasn t it?-Yes._(know)more words and expressions will help you easily read and communication.23.He was just about to sit down when he felt something _(move)near his feet.24.I d rather than watch IV.The programs seem _(get)worse all the time.25.Group-buying websites have appeared,_(serve)as agents between buyers and sellers.26.行表完成形式表被动非谓语动词形式意义不定式形式一般式将做将要被做进行式将来正在做否定式一般式完成式否定式形式否定式主动关系与谓语同时发生被动关系与谓语同事发生主动关系先于谓语动词发生被动关系先于谓语动词结构中作主语的名词或代词与后面的非谓语存在主谓或动宾关系有独立主语作状语独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开独立主格结构三非谓语动词做题步骤坚持四看看逻辑主语看关系主动还是被动第页看搭配动词或特殊词与连用学语不定式动名词分词五非谓语动词常见考点不定式动名词做主语都可用作形式主语不定式动名词做宾语看搭配用作形式主语代替动名词做主语的常见句型只能用不定式做宾语请牢记下面的口诀决心学会想希望拒绝设法愿假装主动答