中华人民共和国农业法中英对照.doc

中华人民共和国农业法中英对照中华人民共和国农业法Agriculture Law of the People's Republic of China第一条 为了保障农业在国民经济中的基础地位，发展农村社会主义市场经济，维护农业生产经营组织和农业劳动者的合法权益，促进农业的持续、稳定、协调发展，制定本法。 Article 1 This Law is formulated with a view to ensuring the fundamental position of agriculture in the national economy, developing the socialist market economy in rural areas, safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of agricultural production and operation organizations and agricultural labourers, and promoting the continuous, steady and coordinated growth of agriculture. 第二条 国家坚持以农业为基础发展国民经济的方针。 Article 2 The State adheres to the guiding principle of taking agriculture as the foundation in developing the national economy. 国家采取措施，保障农业的稳定发展。 The State shall adopt measures to ensure the steady development of agriculture. 农业发展的基本目标是：努力发展农村社会主义市场经济，进一步解放和发展农村的生产力，开发、利用农村劳动力、土地和各种资源，增加农产品的有效供应，满足人民生活和社会经济发展的需要；在发展生产的基础上增加农业劳动者的收入，提高其生活水平，建设共同富裕的文明的新农村，逐步实现农业现代化。 The main object in developing agriculture is to actively develop the socialist market economy in rural areas, further emancipate and develop the rural productive forces, develop and utilize the rural labour force, land and various resources, increase effective supplies of agricultural products, and satisfy the demands of the people's life and the development of social economy; and on the basis of the development of production, to increase the income of agricultural labourers, raise their living standards, build a new countryside of common prosperity and civilization and gradually realize agricultural modernization. 本法所称农业，是指种植业、林业、畜牧业和渔业。 "Agriculture" as mentioned in this Law means crop-plantation, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. 本法所称农业生产经营组织，是指农业集体经济组织、国有农业企业和其他农业企业。 "Agricultural production and operation organizations" mentioned in this Law mean agricultural economic collectives, State-owned agricultural enterprises or other agricultural enterprises. 第三条 农村和城市郊区的土地，除由法律规定属于国家所有即全民所有的以外，属于集体所有。 Article 3 Land in rural and suburban areas is owned by collectives except for those portions belonging to the State, that is, to the whole people, as stipulated by relevant laws. 森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水流等自然资源都属于国家所有；由法律规定属于集体所有的森林和山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂除外。 Forests, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed lands, beaches, waters and other natural resources are owned by the State, with the exception of the forests, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed lands and beaches that are owned by collectives in accordance with the law. 第四条 国有土地和集体所有的土地的使用权可以依法转让。任何组织或者个人不得侵占、买卖或者以其他形式非法转让土地。 Article 4 The right to the use of State-owned lands or collective-owned lands may be transferred according to law. No organization or individual may appropriate, buy, sell or otherwise engage in the transfer of land by unlawful means. 各级人民政府必须珍惜和合法利用土地，切实保护耕地。禁止乱占耕和滥用土地的行为。 People's governments at various levels must value and make a rational use of land, and earnestly protect cultivated land. Acts of unlawful appropriation of cultivated land or misuse of land shall be prohibited. 第五条 在农村以社会主义公有制经济为主体，多种经济成分共同发展，振兴农村经济。 Article 5 In rural areas, socialist economy under public ownership shall be taken as the main sector, and meanwhile diversified economic sectors shall be developed jointly so as to prosper rural economy. 第六条 国家稳定农村以家庭联产承包为主的责任制，完善统分结合的双层经营体制，发展社会化服务体系，壮大集体经济实力，引导农导走共同富裕的道路。 Article 6 The State shall stabilize the rural responsibility systems, the main form of which is the household output-related system of contracted responsibility, perfect the two-level operation system of the household contract responsibility system supplemented by unified management, develop socialized service systems, expand actual strength of collective economy, and lead peasants to the road of common prosperity. 第七条 国家依*科学技术进步和发展教育振兴农业。 Article 7 The State shall vitalize agriculture by relying on the progress of science and technology and on the development of education. 第八条 国家发展水利农业和农用生产资料工业，为农业生产的稳定增长提供物质保障。 Article 8 The State shall develop water conservancy undertakings and industries of means of agricultural production so as to ensure the material supplies for the steady growth of agricultural production. 第九条 国家对发展农业有显著成绩的单位和个人，给予奖励。 Article 9 The State shall award the units or individuals that have made remarkable achievements in the development of agriculture. 第十条 各级人民政府必须把农业工作放在重要地位，统一负责、组织各有关部门和全社会社会支持农业，做好发展农业和为发展农业服务的各项工作。 Article 10 People's governments at various levels must attach great importance to the agricultural work, assume the responsibility of organizing in a unified way all the relevant departments and the whole society to support agriculture, and well perform all the work related to the development of agriculture and serving the development of agriculture. 国务院主管农业的部门按照各自的职责，负责全国有关的农业工作。国务院其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责全国有关的为农业生产经营服务的工作。 The departments in charge of agriculture under the State Council shall, in accordance with their respective functions and duties, be responsible for the nation-wide agricultural work. Other relevant departments under the State Council shall, within the scope of their respective functions and duties, be responsible for the relevant nation-wide work in the service of agricultural production and operation. 县级以上地方人民政府主管农业的部门按照各自的职责，负责本行政区域有关的农业工作。县级以上地方人民政府其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责本行政区域内有关的为农业生产经营服务的工作。 The departments in charge of agriculture under local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with their respective functions and duties, be responsible for the relevant agricultural work in their administrative areas. Other relevant departments under local people's governments at or above the county level shall, within the scope of their respective functions and duties, be responsible for the relevant work in the service of agricultural production and operation. <第二章 农业生产经营体制> CHAPTER II SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND OPERATION 第十一条 集体所有的土地依照法律属于村农民集体所有，由村农业集体经济组织或者村民 委员会经营、管理。已经属于乡（镇）农民集体经济组织所有的，可以属于乡（镇）农民集体所有。 Article 11 Collective-owned land shall be owned collectively by the peasants of the village according to law, and shall be operated and managed by agricultural economic collectives of the village or by the villagers committee. Land that has already been under the ownership of peasant economic collectives of a township (or town) may be owned collectively by the peasants of the township (or town). 村农民集体所有的土地已经分别属于村内两个以上农业集体经济组织所有的，可以属于各该农业集体经济组织的农民集体所有。 If land collectively owned by the peasants of a village has been respectively under the ownership of two or more agricultural economic collectives in the village, such land may be collectively owned by the peasants of the respective agricultural economic collectives. 第十二条 集体所有的或者国家所有由农业集体经济组织使用的土地、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面可以由个人或者集体承包从事农业生产。 Article 12 Lands, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed lands, beaches and water surfaces owned by collectives or the State and exploited by agricultural economic collectives, may be contracted to individuals or collectives for agricultural production. 国有和集体所有的宜林荒山荒地可以由个人或者集体承包造林。 State-owned or collective-owned waste hills or unreclaimed lands suitable for afforestation may be contracted to individuals or collectives for afforestation. 个人或者集体的承包经营权，受法律保护。 The right of individuals or collectives to undertake operation by contract shall be protected by law. 发包方和承包方应当订立农业承包合同，约定双方的权利和义务。 The party awarding contract and the contractor shall conclude an agricultural contract to define the rights and duties of both parties. 第十三条 除农业承包合同别有约定外，承包方亨有生产经营决策权、产品处分权和收益权，同时必须履行合同约的义务。 Article 13 Contractors shall, except as otherwise agreed upon in agricultural contracts, enjoy the decision-making power in production and operation, the right of disposition of their products and the right of remuneration, and at the same time must fulfil the duties agreed on in the contracts. 承包方承包宜林荒山荒地造林的，按照森林的规定办理。 In cases a contractor contracts for afforestation of waste hills and unreclaimed lands suitable for afforestation, provisions of the Forestry Law shall be followed. 在承包期内，经发包方同意，承包方可以转包所有承包的土地、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面，也可以将农业承包合同的权利的义务转让给第三者。 With consent of the party awarding the contract, the contractor may, within the period of the contract, sub-contract the lands, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed lands, beaches and water surfaces he has contracted for, and may also transfer the rights and duties agreed upon in the agricultural contract to a third party. 承包期满，承包人对原承包的土地、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面享有优先承包权。 At the expiration of a contract, the contractor shall enjoy priority in further contracting for the lands, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed lands, beaches and water surfaces for which he originally contracted. 承包人在承包期内死亡的，该承包人的继承人可以继续承包。 In case a contractor deceases during the term of a contract, the successor of the deceased contractor may continue the contract. 第十四条 农业集体经济组织或者村民委员会应当向承包土地、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面的个人或者集体提供生产服务。 Article 14 Agricultural economic collectives or villagers committees shall provide production services to individuals or collectives that have contracted for the lands, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed lands, beaches or water surfaces. 第十五条 国家鼓励个人或者集体对荒山、荒地、荒滩进行承包开发、治理，并保护承包人的合法权益。 Article 15 The State shall encourage individuals or collectives to contract to develop and rehabilitate waste hills, unreclaimed lands or waste beaches, and shall protect the contractors' lawful rights and interests. 第十六条 农民依法缴纳税款，依法缴纳村集体提留和乡统筹费，依法承担农村义务工和劳动积累工。 Article 16 Peasants shall pay taxes in accordance with the law, and pay the expenses retained for the village's collective undertakings and fees for unified management of township public undertakings according to law, and shall afford compulsory labours and accumulated labours for the public undertakings in rural areas according to law. 第十七条 国家保护农民和农业生产经营组织的合法财产不受侵犯。 Article 17 The State shall protect the lawful properties of peasants or agricultural production and operation organizations from violation. 第十八条 任何机关为办理公务向农民或者农业生产经营组织收费必须依据法律、法规、国务院授权的部门的决定或者省级人民政府制定的规章的规定，省级人民政府制定的规章必须报国务院备案。 Article 18 Any collection of fees from peasants or agricultural production and operation organizations by State organs for handling official business must be based on laws or regulations or decisions made by the competent departments empowered by the State Council, or the provisions of rules formulated by the people's governments at the provincial level, and such rules must be reported to the State Council for the record. 收费的范围和标准应当公布，并根据情况做必要检查、清理。 The scopes and standards of such fees shall be made public and necessary inspections and checks shall be carried out in light of the circumstances. 没有法律、法规、国务院授权的部门的决定或者省级人民政府规章规定的依据，任何机关因办理公务而收费的，农民和农业生产经营组织有权拒绝。 Peasants or agricultural production and operation organizations shall have the right to refuse to pay fees collected by State organs for handling official business without the basis of laws or regulations or decisions made by the competent departments empowered by the State Council or the provisions of rules formulated by the people's governments at the provincial level. 任何机关对农民或者农业生产经营组织进行罚款处罚必须依据法律、法规的规定。 Any imposition of fines upon peasants or agricultural production and operation organizations by State organs must be based on the provisions of laws or regulations. 没有法律、法规规定的依据，任何机关对农民或者农业生产经营组织罚款的，农民和农业生产经营组织有权拒绝。 Peasants or agricultural production and operation organizations shall have the right to refuse to pay any fines imposed upon them by State organs without the basis of laws or regulations. 任何机关或者单位不得以任何方式向农民或者农业生产经营组织进行摊派。 No apportionment shall be made by any State organs or units to peasants or agricultural production and operation organizations in any form.   除法律、法规另有规定外，任何机关和单位以任何方式要求农民或者农业生产经营组织提供人力、财力、物力的，属于摊派。农民和农业生产经营组织有权拒绝任何方式的摊派。 Any exaction of manpower, financial resources or materials from peasants or agricultural production and operation organizations shall be categorized as apportionment, except as otherwise provided in laws or regulations. And peasants or agricultural production and operation organizations shall have the right to refuse apportionment in any form. 第十九条 向农民或者农业生产经营组织集资必须实行自愿原则，不得强制集资。 Article 19 Raising funds from peasants or agricultural production and operation organizations must be carried out on voluntary basis, and no compulsory fund-raising shall be practised. 任何机关和单位向农民或者农业生产经营组织强制集资的，农民和农业生产经营组织有权拒绝。 Peasants or agricultural production and operation organizations shall have the right to refuse any compulsory fund-raising demanded by any State organs or units. 第二十条 国家鼓励农业集体经济组织和其他有关组织发展多种形式的农业生产产前、产中、产后的社会化服务事业。 Article 20 The State shall encourage agricultural economic collectives or other relevant organizations to develop various forms of socialized service undertakings before, during or after agricultural production. 财政、金融、科学技术、物资等部门，应当对农业生产社会化服务事业给予支持。 Departments in fields such as finance, banking, science and technology, and material resources shall provide support to socialized service undertakings of agricultural production. 第三章 农业生产 CHAPTER III AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 第二十一条 国家采取措施，从资金，农业生产资料、技术、市场信息等方面扶持农业生产经营组织和农业劳动者发展农业生产。 Article 21 The State shall take measures in the aspects of finance, means of agricultural production, technology and market information to assist agricultural production and operation organizations or agricultural labourers in developing agricultural production. 第二十二条 国家引导农业生产经营组织和农业劳动者按照市场的需求，调整农业生产结构，保持粮棉生产稳定增长，全面发展种植业、林业、畜牧业和渔业，发展高产、优质、高效益的农业。 Article 22 The State shall guide agricultural production and operation organizations or agricultural labourers to adjust the structure of agricultural production according to market demands, ensure steady growth of cotton and grain production, achieve all-round development of crop-plantation, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and develop an agriculture with high yield, good quality and high benefits. 国家有计划地建设商品粮、商品棉等生产基地。 The State shall establish production bases of commodity grain and commodity cotton in a planned way. 第二十三条 各级人民政府应当制定农业综合开发规划，向农业的广度和深度开发，并组织实施。 Article 23 People's governments at various levels shall map out plans for comprehensive development of agriculture to develop agriculture in width and depth and organize the implementation thereof. 第二十四条 各级人民政府和农业集体经济组织应当采取措施，发展乡镇企业，发展第三产业，支持农业的发展，转移富余的农业劳动力。 Article 24 People's governments at various levels and agricultural economic collectives shall take measures to develop township and town enterprises and tertiary industries so as to support the development of agriculture, and to transfer surplus agricultural labour force. 第二十五条 各级人民政府和农业生产经营组织应当制定规划，采取措施，组织农田水利和防护林的建设，保证旱涝保收农田面积的稳定增长。 Article 25 People's governments at various levels and agricultural production and operation organizatio