2023届河北省张家口市高三一模英语试题含听力解析版.docx

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一模拟考试英语注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号 涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时， 将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷 上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题海小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.£19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15.答案是c。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where did the man get the cat?A. From his neighbor.B. From a pet store.C. From a friend.【答案】c【解析】【原文】 W: Look! How cute the cat is! Thank you so much, Dad, for giving me a pet that I've always dreamed of. Is it a baby of our neighbor's cat or did you buy it in the pet store?M; Neither. A friend of mine moved to another town, and she couldn't bring it with her.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Who does the man recommend to take care of the flowers?A. Lily.B. James.C. The woman'ssister.【答案】AIndonesia. Urgent action is required to build up the region's ability to adapt to climate change, and it is a collective responsibility.Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been a hot topic in regard to climate change, especially since 92% of transport-related emissions (排放)in Southeast Asia come from road transport. SomeSoutheast Asian nations have started focusing on increasing EV production. Indonesia wants 20% of all cars built there to be EVs by 2025 and Thailand wants to hit 30% by 2030. Thailand also lowered taxes on EVs from 8% to 2% to help incentivize consumers.Grab, a car rental company with a presence across Southeast Asia, has been a strong advocate of turning to EVs. It is actively helping their driver-partners turn to EVs by making them more affordable through partnerships with automakers, energy providers and other key industry players.It already operates the largest EV rental company in Indonesia with about 8,500 vehicles and also has a feature in Singapore called "Eco-friendly Rides“ that allows users to be prioritized for a cleaner energy vehicle for their rides. More than one million rides on cleaner energy vehicles have been provided through that initiative so far since its launch in 2021.However, some argue that EVs have limitations with regards to controlling emissions. SinceSoutheast Asia primarily uses coal and natural gas to generate electricity, emission reduction may not be currently comparable to that of regions using more renewable energy. Additionally, EV adoption does also generate concerns around dealing with the used solar panels and EV batteries safely, so they are not the be-all and end-all solution to climate change.28. Why does the author mention Typhoon Rai and Cyclone Seroja?A. To prove the importance of Indonesia.B. To show the impact of natural disasters.C. To stress the reason of climate change.D. To raise the awareness of economic growth.29. What does the underlined word “incentivize“ in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Educate.B. Thank.30. What does Grab do to promote EVs?A. It makes them less expensive.C. It cooperates with drivers.31 What's a concern about turning to EVs?C. Encourage.D. Protect.B. It founds more branches.D. It adds features to their vehicles.A. The driving safety of EVs.B. The growing need for solar energy.C. Their efficiency in reducing emissions.D. The consumption of coal and natural gas.【答案】28.B29. C 30. A 31. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是东南亚将是受气候变化影响最严重的地区之一, 所以东南亚的国家正在努力增加电动汽车的产量和倡导电动车的使用。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中 uHowever, it is also expected to be one of the regions which could be most heavily affected by climate change. Natural disasters already regularly affect the region4然而，预计它也将是受气候变化影响最严重的地区之一。自然灾害已经经常影响该 地区。）”可知，作者提到Typhoon Rai和Cyclone Seroja是为了展示自然灾害的影响。故 选Bo【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Thailand also lowered taxes on EVs from 8% to 2%（泰国还将电 动汽车的税率从8%降至2%）”可以推断本句中提到的措施是在“鼓励”消费者，划线词 incentivize的意思是“鼓励"，和encourage意思相近。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中 “It is actively helping their driver-partners turn to EVs by making them more affordable through partnerships with automakers, energy providers and other key industry players.（通过与汽车制造商、能源供应商和其他主要行业参与者的合作，该公 司正积极帮助他们的司机合作伙伴转向电动汽车，让电动汽车变得更便宜。）”可知，Grab 通过使电动汽车更便宜来推广它们，故选A。31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中 However, some argue that EVs have limitations with regards to controlling emissions.Since Southeast Asia primarily uses coal and natural gas to generate electricity, emission reduction may not be currently comparable to that of regions using more renewable energy. Additionally, EV adoption does also generate concerns around dealing with the used solar panels and EV batteries safely, so they are not the be-all and end-all solution to climate change4然而，一些人认为电动汽车在控制排放方面存在局限性。由于东南亚主要 使用煤炭和天然气发电，目前的减排可能无法与使用更多可再生能源的地区相比。此外， 电动汽车的采用也引起了人们对安全处理废旧太阳能电池板和电动汽车电池的担忧，因此 它们不是解决气候变化的全部和最终解决方案。）”可知，转向电动汽车的担忧是他们在减 少排放方面的效率。故选C。DA simple search of Psychology Today shows dozens of posts about New Year's resolutions. Some of them will tell you that resolutions don't work and lay out a number of reasons. The rest will give you useful advice on how to try to make them work, while admitting that it will be hard.The psychology behind this pessimistic view is not difficult to understand.New Year's resolutions are essentially goals. But,as hundreds of publications in motivation psychology show, goals do not work very well. Indeed, many, if not most, goals are never actually put into practice.And why should they be? Goals come from the more rational（理性的）part of your brain. Say you want to lose a few pounds or be nicer to people. You are not struggling to see why you want to change.The problem lies in the more impulsive（易冲动的）part of your brain, which sustains your habits and takes over most of your day-to-day actions. Your brain is very good at automatizing behavior, freeing resources for other things. But, when those automatic behaviors conflict with your long-term goals, you struggle.When you state a New Year's resolution, or any long-term goal, you are talking to the wrong part of your brain and using the wrong language. "I want to lose weight?,and “I want to be nicer to other people“ are not written in terms of your habits. You will state those goals, and one day later you will reach for that dessert and shout at your friends.Should you just abandon New Year's resolutions? Of course not. You just need to be smarter about it. First, lefs borrow a page from management. People in that field have long known that, to be of any use, goals need to be established in a specific way, which follows the S. M. A, R. T. principle. They have to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-related. Besides, being aware of your goals is the beginning of change, and any opportunity that motivates you to make them clearer is a chance, be it the New Year or the first day of the rest of your life.32 What does the search of Psychology Today show?1. More people prefer to make New Year's resolutions.8. There are various reasons for failing to realize goals.C Ifs getting more difficult for people to carry out goals.D. People tend to be negative about New Year's resolutions.33. What determines our habits according to the text?A. Our long-term goals.B. Our rational thoughts.C. Our impulsive thoughts.D. Our resource distribution.34. Whafs the author's attitude to making New Year's resolutions?A. Unclear.B. Supportive.C. Intolerant.D.Pessimistic.35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. The Psychology Behind New Year's ResolutionsB. How to Make Your New Year's Resolutions WorkC. How do New Year's Resolutions Influence Our LifeD. The Significance of Making New Year's Resolutions【答案】32.D33. C 34. B 35. A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了为什么新年决心不起作用，以及如何更好的制定新年 目标。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中 u A simple search of Psychology Today shows dozens of posts about New Year's resolutions. Some of them will tell you that resolutions don't work and lay out a number of reasons. The rest will give you useful advice on how to try to make them work, while admitting that it will be hard.（在今日心理学（Psychology Today）上简单搜索一下， 就会发现很多关于新年决心的帖子。他们中的一些人会告诉你决心不起作用，并列出一些 原因。剩下的人会给你一些有用的建议，告诉你如何让它们发挥作用，同时承认这很难）” 可知，今日心理学的调查显示了人们往往对新年计划持消极态度。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 “The problem lies in the more impulsive part of your brain,which sustains your habits and takes over most of your day-to-day actions.（问题在于你大脑中更冲动的 部分，它维持着你的习惯，并接管了你大部分的日常行为）”可知，我们冲动的想法决定了 我们的习惯。故选C项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中 u Should you just abandon New Year's resolutions? Of course not. You just need to be smarter about it.（你应该放弃新年计划吗？当然不是。你只是需要更聪 明一点）”可推知，作者对制定新年计划的态度是支持的。故选B项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中 “The psychology behind this pessimistic view is not difficult to understand. New Year's resolutions are essentially goals. But, as hundreds of publications in motivation psychology show, goals do not work very well. Indeed, many, if not most, goals are never actually put into practice.（这种悲观观点背后的心理并不难理解。新年决心本质上是目 标。但是，正如数百篇关于动机心理学的出版物所显示的那样，目标并不能很好地发挥作 用。事实上，即使不是大多数目标，也有许多目标从未真正付诸实践）”可知，本文分析了 新年决心背后的心理是怎样的，下文解释了为什么会这样，以及最后给出了解决方法，所 以A项“The Psychology Behind New Year's Resolutions（新年决心背后的心理学）”是本文最 好的标题。故选A项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Apologizing for a mistake might seem difficult, but it will help you repair and improve your relationships with others after that offense （冒犯）.Acknowledge the offense. This is an essential element of a good apology.36 Apologies are most likely to be well-received if you show that you recognize who was responsible and who was harmed. For example, saying “I made a mistake, is more effective than saying6tmistakes were made”, which fails to clarify responsibility.37In some cases, it's helpful to explain an offense, especially to explain that it was not intentional and that it will not happen again. But explanations that are long-winded, sound like excuses, or blame the victim （e. g. You were really getting on my nerves.） tend to have an opposite effect.Express regret. 38 Expressing these feelings communicates that you recognize and regret the suffering you caused. Be careful of phrases like “That was uncharacteristic of me.”39 Instead, acknowledge your disappointment in yourself and your commitment to improve.Tell them how youUl change. Let them know how you'll change and what you'd do to make that possible. For instance, if you've been late once again, instead of just apologizing, share how you'd keep an early alarm to be on time! 40A. Provide a proper explanation.B. Express your intention clearly.C. But many apologies don't do this enough.D. When you hurt someone, it's natural to feel shame or regret.E. A true apology is one where you promise it won't be repeated again.F. This might show that you aren't taking full ownership for what happened.G. This will enable you to know what means the most to the offended person.【答案】36.C37. A 38. D 39. F 40. E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了如何为自己的错误道歉。【36题详解】下文 u Apologies are most likely to be well-received if you show that you recognize who was responsible and who was harmed. For example, saying I made a mistake, is more effective than saying "mistakes were made', which fails to clarify responsibility.（如果你表现出你认识到谁应该 负责，谁受到了伤害，那么道歉最有可能被接受。例如，说“我犯了一个错误”比说“犯了 错误”更有效，因为“犯了错误”无法明确责任）”通过举例的方式说明道歉要明确，要真 诚，为C项“But many apologies don* do this enough.（但很多道歉都不足以做到这一点）”中 提出的问题提供应对策略，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。【37题详解】设空处是段首主题句，根据下文 “In some cases, ifs helpful to explain an offense, especially to explain that it was not intentional and that it will not happen again. But explanations that are long- winded, sound like excuses, or blame the victim （e. g. You were really getting on my nerves.） tend to have an opposite effect.（在某些情况下，解释一个冒犯是有帮助的，尤其是解释它不是故意 的，并且不会再发生。但是，冗长的解释，听起来像借口，或指责受害者（例如，你真的让我 心烦意乱）往往会产生相反的效果）”可知，本段主要讲要对冒犯进行合理的解释，所以A项 uProvide a proper explanation.（提供一个恰当的解释）”是最佳主题句。故选A项。 【38题详解】根据下文 uExpressing these feelings communicates that you recognize and regret the suffering you caused.（表达这些感受表明你认识到并后悔你造成的痛苦）”和指代关系可知，上文中会 出现“these feelings”指代的情绪，同时这些情绪和给别人带来痛苦有关，D项“When you hurt someone, it's natural to feel shame or regret.（当你伤害了别人，感到羞愧或后悔是很自然 的）"中"shame or regret"即下文指代对象，同时是给别人带来痛苦后的感受，上下文语意 连贯。故选D项。【39题详解】上文 “Be careful of phrases like "That was uncharacteristic of me.'（小心像"那不是我的风格” 这样的措词）”提出在表达道歉时，用些措词要慎用，F项“This might show that you aren't taking full ownership for what happened.（这可能表明你没有为发生的事情承担全部责任）”解 释了原因：说“那不是我的风格”说明自己并没有为发生的事情承担全部责任。上下文衔接 自然。故选F项。【40题详解】上文 “ Tell them how you'll change. Let them know how you'll change and what you'd do to make that possible.（告诉他们你会如何改变。让他们知道你将如何改变，以及你会做些什么来实现 这一目标）”提出道歉要承诺改变，给出方法，E项u A true apology is one where you promise it won* be repeated again.（真正的道歉是你保证不会再犯）”承接上文，说明承诺改变，给出 方法才是真正的道歉，照应本段主题。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入 空白处的最佳选项。Most people will do anything for family, but not many are offered a concrete opportunity to save a family member's life. Jose Ramirez's family had that opportunity, and they 41 it.Two years ago, Jose was discovered to be 42 from kidney（'肾脏）failure. When Jose talked to his 43 about it, his younger sister, 19-year-old Kelsey, said she would donate a kidney to him-even before knowing whether a kidney transplant （移植）was a（n） 44.45, Jose and his family discovered the Mayo Clinic Kidney Transplant Program. ForJose, the program was especially helpful in explaining and 46 his parents of the benefits of living-donor kidney transplants. "For them, it's two of their kids J Jose says. "My parents were more 47 than any of us, so it was really 48 for them to go to the program's courses.Throughout the process, Kelsey remained 49 to her initial wish to become Jose's kidney donor. "When he was qualified to be a transplant recipient, I50 J she says. Afterseveral examinations and tests, Kelsey got her wish. She was 51to be Jose's donor. Thetransplant went smoothly, and now the two have 52 their normal lives.As for his sister's gift, “You can9t just say thank you,“ Jose says. "I don't know how to explain it. She 53 a surgery that she didn't have to go through." Kelsey 54 that thegreatest thanks she could receive are seeing that her brother has 5541. A. created42. A. learning suffering43. A. doctor44. A. option45. A. Obviously Undoubtedly46. A. warning convincing47. A. stressed disappointed 48. A. unwise incredible49. A. committed50. A. turned up51. A. encouraged approved52. A. dreamt of to53. A. performed54. A. insists determines55. A. proceeded recovered【答案】41. B50. B 5LD 【解析】B. tookB. separatingB.donorB. aimB. FortunatelyB. accusingB. excitedB. possibleB. honestB. signed upB. challengedB. thought ofB. experiencedB. predictsB. quitted42. D43. C44. A52. C53. B54. AC. affordedC. survivingC. familyC. causeC. SuddenlyC. remindingC.