浙江省嘉兴市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末检测英语Word版含解析.docx

嘉兴市20212022学年高二第一学期期末检测英语试卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .What will the speakers eat for supper?A. Pizza.B. Salad.C. Steak.2 .Where are the speakers most probably?A. In a car.B. In a shop.C. In a plane.3 .What time is it now?A. 8:00.B. 9:00.C. 10:00.4 .How will the woman get to the railway station?A. By car.B. By taxi.C. By subway.5 .What is different about Lucy?A. She looks younger.B. She smiles more.C. She gets thinner.第二节（共15小题；每小题L5分，满分22.5分）3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的 uFuture work for the lab includes experiments with drugs to determine which circuits （回路）in the spidefs brain are responsible for the various stages of web-building.n（该实马佥室未来的工 作包括用药物进行实验，以确定蜘蛛大脑中的哪些回路负责蜘蛛网形成的各个阶段。）可知，未来会对蜘 蛛的大脑系统进行研究，故选D。4,主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段 uJohns Hopkins University researchers discovered precisely how spiders （败 11 蛛）build webs in the dark. Their creation of a web-building playbook brings new understanding of how creatures with small brains are able to create elegant and complex structures.n（约翰 霍普金斯大学的研 究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的。它们织的网，使人们对这些有小脑袋的生物如何能够创 造出优雅而复杂的结构有了新的理解。）可知，文章主要介绍了约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员精确地发 现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的，所以C选项“Spiders，Web Secrets Uncovered”（蜘蛛网的秘密被发现）适 合做文章标题，故选C。第二节（共5个小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It seems like some people are born with a good sense of direction while others are always getting lost. 11 You can improve your sense of direction. You just need to work at it.Nowadays, of course, it's convenient to rely on GPS rather than commit a long, complex route to memory. 12 Studying a larger map and remembering the route before you set out does have its benefits. The amount of mental energy it requires means it's more likely to stick in your mind. Looking at Google Maps on a big screen or even studying a paper map also allows you to get a sense of that all-important bigger picture and how everywhere fits together.13 It's also important to notice what's around you in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well. This will come in particularly useful when you're doing the journey in reverse （倒退）even if it's just finding your way back from the toilet in a restaurant. Another tip?Taking photographs or writing notes at key locations can help you keep them in your memory.Finally, try to relax when you're on unfamiliar ground. 14 But this sudden anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go. Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that evergrowing mental map, both of which will help you have a better sense ofdirection in the long term.Your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the routes you already know, it's never going to get any better. 15 A. Don9t just look where you're going.B. So now it's the time to start exploring!C. If you're one of the “lost” ones, have no fear.D. Anxiety plays a role in our sense of direction, too.E. It's all too easy to get anxious if you suspect you may be lost.F. Developing a good sense of direction usually takes much practice.G. But ignore it if you really want to improve your sense of direction.【答案】IL C 12. G 13. A 14. E 15. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍提高方向感的技巧。【11题详解】上文 “It seems like some people are bom with a good sense of direction while others are always getting lost. " （彳以 乎有些人天生就有很好的方向感，而另一些人总是迷路。）及下文u You can improve your sense of direction. You just need to work at it.（你可以提高你的方向感。你只需要努力。）说明方向感可以通过努力提高。C 项“如果你是容易迷路的人之一，不要害怕。”承上启下，故选C。【12题详解】上文 u Nowadays, of course, it's convenient to rely on GPS rather than commit a long, complex route to memory.v （当然，如今，依靠GPS,而不是将长而复杂的路线记牢，是很方便的。）及下文"Studying a larger map and remembering the route before you set out does have its benefits.?（研究更大的地图并在出发之前记住路线确 实有其好处。）说虽然GPS很方便，但是记住地图上的路线更有助于方向感。G项“但是，如果你真的想 提高你的方向感，那就忽略它吧。”承上启下，指出为了提高方向感，需要忽略GPS。故选G。33题详解】下文 "It's also important to notice whafs around you in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well/"（注意你周围四面八方的东西也很重要。与其直视前方，不如确 保你也向上、向下和向后看。）说明注意周围事物的重要性。不要一直直视前方，不要一直关注自己要去 的地方。A项“不要只关注你要去哪里。”引出下文，故选A。【14题详解】上文“Finally, try to relax when you're on unfamiliar ground."（最后，当你在不熟悉的地方时，试着放松。） 和下文 “But this sudden anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go." （但这种突 如其来的焦虑只会阻止你冷静地找出该走哪条路。）说明不认识路会让人焦虑，会使人不冷静，会妨碍自 己对路线的判断。E项“如果你怀疑自己可能迷路了，很容易感到焦虑。”中的“anxious”与下文内容一 致，引出下文，故选E。【15题详解】 上文 “ Your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the routes you already know, it's never going to get any better.n（你的方向感是一种要么使用它，要么失去它的技能。如果你只坚持你已经知道的 路线，它永远不会变得更好。）说明想要让方向感变得更好，不要只是走熟悉的路线，而是要探索新路线。B项“所以现在是时候开始探索了！”与上文内容一致，通过探索新路线帮助提高方向感。故选B。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20个小题；每小题L5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。The first time my mom came over to babysit Alice, our newborn daughter, for a couple of hours, all I wanted to do was take my elderly Brooklyn out for a walk.Brooklyn was 16 my dog. Fourteen years ago, when I first saw her in the pet store, I knew it was a done deal: we were 17.1 had never had a pet 18, but I welcomed everything about it. I19 her whole life in photos. And during large 20 gatherings, seeing me with baby Brooklyn, my favourite aunt would tell me one day I would be a great 21.Brooklyn was 22 getting old and grey when my daughter was born, but she 23 the new baby with gentleness. However, as my daughter 24 more and more space in my life, Brooklyn*s place in it began to 25. And the less of a priority she became, the further I felt from my old self and the things thatused to be 26 to me.By the time she was nearly 17, she was in a(n)27 condition. The day she died, she was in so much28. I fought back my tears and buried my 29 in her fur as I carried her to the30.When the pet doctor gave her two shots that would make her 31 forever, I watched herbig brown eyes go 32/'Rest now, my baby.” I 33 to her.Four years later, I still 34 that dog every day, because she was the one who taught me theheart-breaking beauty of being 35 by another living being.16.A.actuallyB.merelyC.surelyD.apparently17.A.recognizedB.perceivedC.reunitedD.attached18.A.standing byB.moving aboutC.growing upD.fitting in19.A.protectedB.identifiedC.documentedD.recalled20.A.companyB.familyC.schoolD.club21.A.doctorB.friendC.motherD.neighbour22.A.alsoB.alreadyC.insteadD.even23.A.welcomedB.huggedC.fedD.satisfied24.A.savedB.exploredC.createdD.occupied25.A.expandB.disappearC.shiftD.fall26.A.simpleB.tiringC.importantD.safe27.A.criticalB.fairc.steadyD.original28.A.painB.angerc.troubleD.danger29.A.handsB.facec.bodyD.feet30.A.farmB.parkc.zooD.hospital31.A.cheer upB.fall asleepc.hold onD.keep quiet32.A.coldB.blankc.stillD.blind33.A.whisperedB.sighedc.whistledD.nodded34.A.attendB.greetc.guardD.miss35.A.admiredB.neededc.approvedD.remembered【答案】16. A17. D18. C 19. C20. B21. C 22. B23.A 24. D26. C27. A28. A29. B 30. D31.B32. C 33. A34. D35. B25. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 14年前作者开始养了一只狗，作者很喜欢她，像一位母亲样照顾她，但是后来作者的女儿出生了，作者把注意力都放在女儿身上，而狗狗的地位下降了。后来，狗 狗去世了，作者很伤心，现在仍然每天都想起它。36题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Brooklyn是我的狗。A. actually事实上；B. merely仅仅，只是；C. surely 肯定；D. apparently 显而易见地。由上文 “all I wanted to do was take my elderly Brooklyn out for a walk.” 可 知，上文提到作者的母亲第一天来照顾自己的孩子时，作者想做的事就是带着Brooklyn出去散步，此处具 体解释谁是Brooklyn,事实上，Brooklyn是作者的狗。故选A。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：14年前，当我第一次在宠物店见到它时，我就知道收养它是板上钉钉的事，我 们彼此很喜欢对方。A. recognized认出；B. perceived察觉；C. reunited团聚；D. attached系上，使依恋。 由上文 uFourteen years ago, when I first saw her in the pet store, I knew it was a done deal” 可知,作者第一次 在宠物店见到Brooklyn的时候，就知道Brooklyn就是自己想要的狗，所以此处说彼此很喜欢。故选D。【18题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我从来没有养过宠物，但是我对这只狗的一切都很满意。A. standing by支 持；B. moving about 走来走去;C. growing up 长大;D. fitting in 适应。由上文 u I had never had a pet. 3, but I welcomed everything about itn可知，作者虽然以前从未养过狗，但是作者对Brooklyn的一切都感到满 意。故选C。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我用照片记录了它的一生。A. protected保护；B. identified认出；C. documented 记录；D. recalled回想。由下文“her whole life in photos.”可知，作者用照片来记录Brooklyn的一生。故 选C。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大家庭聚会的时候，看到我和Brooklyn在一起，我最喜欢的阿姨告诉我，有 一天我会成为一位好母亲。A. company公司；B. family家庭；C.school学校；D.club俱乐部。由下文“my favourite aunt”可知,此处指家庭聚会。故选B。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大家庭聚会的时候，看到我和Brooklyn在一起，我最喜欢的阿姨告诉我，有 一天我会成为一位好母亲。A. doctor医生；B.friend朋友；C.mother母亲；D. neighbour邻居。由上文“baby Brooklyn"可知，作者的阿姨看到作者照顾Brooklyn就像照顾孩子一样，所以说作者以后会成为一位好母 亲。故选C。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我女儿出生的时候，Brooklyn已经老了，毛发也变白了，但它还是温柔地迎接 了我刚出生的女儿。A.also也;B.already已经；C.instead代替，相反；D. even甚至。由下文“getting old and grey when my daughter was born ”可知，当作者女儿出生时，Brooklyn已经老了，毛发也变白了。故选 Bo【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我女儿出生的时候，Brooklyn已经老了，毛发也变白了，但它还是温柔地迎接 了我刚出生的女儿。A. welcomed欢迎；B.hugged拥抱；C.fed喂养；D. satisfied使满意。由下文“thenew baby with gentleness.”可知，Brooklyn温柔地迎接作者刚出生的女儿。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我女儿占据我越来越多的生活空间，Brooklyn的地位开始下降。A. saved 节省；B. explored 探索；C. created 创作；D. occupied 占据。由下文“ more and more space in my life,” 可知，此处指作者把越来越多的注意力都放在女儿身上。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我女儿占据我越来越多的生活空间，Brooklyn的地位开始下降。A. expand 扩大；B. disappear 消失；C. shift 移动；D. fall 下降。由下文"And the less of a priority she became 可知，此处指Brooklyn的地位开始下降。故选D。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它变得越来越不重要，我就越觉得自己和以前的自己，以及那些曾经对我很 重要的东西越来越疏远。A. simple简单的；B. tiring令人疲倦的；C.important重要的；D. safe安全的。由 上文 “And the less of a priority she became, the further I felt from my old self and the things that used to be ” 可 知，Brooklyn变得越来越不重要，作者和它开始疏远，Brooklyn曾经在作者心里很重要，所以此处指作者 觉得和以前的自己，以及对自己很重要的东西，如Brooklyn,越来越疏远。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在它快17岁的时候，它病重了。A. critical病重的；B.fair公平的；C. steady 稳定的；D. original原先的。由下文“The day she died”可知，后来Brooklyn死了，所以可以推断出，此 处指Brooklyn病重。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它死的那天，非常痛苦。A. pain痛苦；B. anger生气；C.trouble困难，麻烦； D. danger 危险。由上文 u The day she died n和下文 When the pet doctor gave her two shots可知,Brooklyn 病重的那一天，医生给它打针，所以可以推断出，它很痛苦。故选A。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我把它送到医院时，我强忍住眼泪，把脸埋在它的毛发里。A. hands手；B.face 脸；C.body身体；D. feet Wo由下文"in her fur"可知，作者强忍住泪水，把脸埋在它的毛发里。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我把它送到医院时，我强忍住眼泪，把脸埋在它的毛发里。A. farm农场； B. park公园；C.zoo动物园；D. hospital医院。由下文“the pet doctor”可知，作者把Brooklyn带到了医院。 故选Do【31题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当宠物医生给它打了两针，让它永远睡着的时候，我看着它棕色的大眼睛 一动不动。A. cheer up使高兴;B.fall asleep睡着；C hold on等一下;D. keep quiet保持安静。由下文“Rest now, my baby,v和上文“The day she died”可知，此处指宠物医生给它打了两针，让它永远睡着，此处“永 远睡着”是指Brooklyn死了。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当宠物医生给它打了两针，让它永远睡着的时候，我看着它棕色的大眼睛一 动不动。A. cold冷的；B.blank空白的；C. still静止的，不动的；D. blind瞎的。由下文“Rest now, my baby,” 和上文“The day she died”可知，Brooklyn死了，所以它的眼睛一动不动。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“好好休息吧，我的宝贝，”我低声对它说。A. whispered小声说；B. sighed 叹息;C.whistled吹口哨；D. nodded点头。由上文“Rest now, my baby,”可知，作者低声对Brooklyn,让 它安息。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后，我仍然每天都想念那只狗，因为是它教会了我，被另一个生命所需要 的那种令人心碎的美。A. attend出席,参加；B. greet打招呼；C.guard守卫;D. miss想念。由下文athat dog everyday/,可知，作者仍然每天都想念那只狗。故选D。35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后，我仍然每天都想念那只狗，因为是它教会了我，被另一个生命所需要 的那种令人心碎的美。A. admired钦佩；B. needed需要；C.叩proved同意；D. remembered记住。由上文 “And during largegatherings, seeing me with baby Brooklyn, my favourite aunt would tellme one day I would be a great可知，作者收养 Brookly 时，Brookly 还是一只小狗，它的成长需要作者的照顾和陪伴，所以这里意思是作者被狗狗所需要。故选B。第二节(共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Wild animals are equipped with a variety of techniques to avoid becoming lunch for a much 36 (big), toothier animal. The most well-known 37 (method) include the classic "fight" and "flight”, as well as “freeze”.A team of researchers wondered 38 closeness to people might influence those survival strategies.39 (find) out, Blumstein and his workmates combined information from 173 studies of more than 100 species, 40 (include) mammals, birds, fish and so on.It turns out that the animals react in a similar way to life among humans: they lose their anti-predator (躲避掠 食者 )characteristics. That pattern is 41 (especial)obvious for social species. This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when it's the result of domestication (驯化),42 means training or adapting ananimal to live in a human environment and be 43 (use) to humans.Urbanization (城市化)alone results 44 a similar change, though much more slowly. If the urbanization process 45(help) animals better coexist with people, it can be to their benefit. But if itmakes them weaker or easier to be hurt by their nonhuman predators, it can be a real problem.【答案】36. bigger37. methods38. whether#if39. To find40. including41. especially42. which 43. used44. in 45. helps【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述研究者们为了让动物和人类和平共存，想了很多的方法。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：动物身上配备了各种各样的技术，就是为了避免他们成为更加大的牙齿更锋利的动物 的午餐。根据句子结构和意思可知，前面有“much”修饰，所以这里考查形容词的比较级，作定语，修饰 后面的名词“animal”。故填bigger。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：最有名的方法包括经典的“打”和“跑”，还有“冻”。根据句子结构和意思可知，句 子的谓语动词“include”是复数形式，所以说明空格处要用可数名词复数形式做主语故填methods。【38题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：一组研究人员想知道接近人类是否会影响那些生存策略。根据句子结构和意思可知, 这里考查及物动词“wondered”后面跟宾语从句。宾语从句中基本成分完整，上下文意思需要“是否”。故填 whether/ifo【39题详解】考查非谓语。句意：为了弄明白，Blumstein和他的工作人员们结合了来自于100多个物种的173项研究的 信息，其中包括哺乳动物，鸟类，鱼类等等。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词不定式做目的状语, 动词“find”是句子主语uBlumstein and his workmatesv主动发出的动作。故填To find。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：见第4题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词including,表示“包括”的意 思。故填 including。41题详解】考查副词。句意：这种模式对社会物种来说尤其的明显。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查副词修饰形 容词 “obvious”。故填 especially。【42题详解】考查定语从句。句意：当它是驯化的结果的时候，这种行为的改变也许就不令人吃惊了，驯化的意思是训 练动物或者让动物适应住在人类的环境中，并且习惯于人类。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非限制 性定语从句,先行词是“domestication”，在从句中作主语,指物。故填which。【43题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：见第7题。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配"be used to”表示“习惯 于”的意思。故填used。【44题详解】考查动词短语。句意：单单城市化就会导致类似的改变，虽然慢很多。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考 查动词短语“result in”表示“导致”的意思。故填in。【45题详解】考查谓语。句意：如果城市化进程更好的帮助动物和人类共存，那将对它们是有好处的。根据句子结构和 意思可知，这里考查一般现在时的谓语动词，主语是“the urbanization process"，所以谓语要用第三人称 单数形式。故填helps。第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）46.你校文学社将招募新成员。假定你是负责人，请写一则启事刊登在校英语报上，内容包括：1 .文学社简介；2.入社条件；3.报名时间、方式。注意：2 .词数80左右（标题已给出，不计入总词数）；3 .可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Literature Lovers Wanted【答案One possible version:Literature Lovers WantedOur schoofs Literature Club is recruiting new members. If you are enthusiastic about literature and eager to share your views on literary works, then our club is suitable for you.Founded in 2015, the Literature Club enjoys a good reputation by providing a platform for literature lovers to exchange their notions. Various activities are regularly conducted, ranging from literature lectures to group discussions.You can sign